A, Spring Festival:
1, rice cake. Spring Festival to eat rice cakes, "the righteousness of the year to win the year, to pray for the year ripe." It symbolizes that everything is going well year after year. There are different kinds of rice cakes: white cake (白糕) and yellow rice cake (黄米糕) in the north; water-milled rice cake (水磨年糕) in the south; glutinous rice cake (糯粑粑) in the southwest; and red turtle cake (紅龟糕) in Taiwan. In the Han Dynasty, Yang Xiong's book "Dialect" already had the name "cake", which was popular in the Wei, Jin, and North and South Dynasties. Jia Si Fo's "The Essential Art of Qi Min" recorded the method of making it. Ming and Qing Dynasties, is the cake has developed into a year-round supply of snacks on the market, and there is a difference between the North and South flavor. Northern rice cakes have steamed, fried two kinds of southern rice cakes in addition to steaming, frying, there are still pieces of fried, soup cooking method.
2, dumplings. Northern New Year's Eve dinner has a tradition of eating dumplings, but the custom of eating ? The custom of eating dumplings is not the same, some places to eat dumplings on New Year's Eve, some places to eat dumplings on the first day of the year, some mountainous areas in the north, there is a first day of the year to the first five every morning to eat dumplings of the custom. Eating dumplings is a unique way of expressing people's desire to pray for good luck and good fortune as they bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. According to the ancient Chinese timekeeping system, the period from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m. the next day is called "Zi Zi" (子时). "This is the time when the New Year meets the Old Year. Dumplings mean that the new year has crossed over, and eating dumplings for Chinese New Year is considered to be a great blessing. In addition, dumplings are shaped like Yuanbao, which means that they are wrapped with good luck and eaten to symbolize a rich life. Unlike in the north, New Year's Eve dinners in the south usually include hot pots and fish. The hot pot is boiling, steaming hot, warm and inviting, and red-hot; "fish" and "Yu" are homophonic, symbolizing "good fortune", and also a metaphor for a happy life. It is also a metaphor for a happy life and a "yearly surplus". There are still some places in the South over the Spring Festival to eat rice cakes, high year (cake), symbolizing the harvest year after year, the realm of year after year.
3, Lantern. South called "dumplings", in Jiangsu, Shanghai and other places, the first morning of the New Year have the custom of eating dumplings. Lantern Festival, Taoism called "on the Yuan Festival". According to the yuan dynasty YiTuZhen "(girl) ring ring record" cited "three Yu post" record: Chang e ran to the moon, yi miss into disease. On the night of the 14th day of the first month, there was suddenly a child to see, claiming to be Chang'e's ambassador, said: "Mrs. know that you miss, no way to get down, tomorrow is the full moon of the wait, you should use rice flour as a pill, dough such as the moon, placed in the room north-west, called Mrs.'s name, the three nights can be down and." Yi as the law, Chang'e really descended. Visible Lantern Festival to eat Lantern Festival, is to take the "ball such as the moon," the auspicious meaning. Ming Dynasty, the Lantern Festival in Beijing has been very common, the practice is no different from today. The Qing Dynasty during the Kangxi period of the court prevailed "eight treasures Lantern", Ma Si Yuan Lantern. In the early years of the Republic of China and Yuan Shikai Yuan Lantern and "Yuan elimination" sound the same, so ordered the ban on shouting Yuan Lantern thing.
5, spring cake. Spring rolls are also called spring cake, spring eating spring cake is an ancient Chinese custom. Jin Dynasty has "five taro plate" that "spring plate", is the spring cake and dishes with a plate. Tang and Song dynasty spring ate spring cake winds gradually prevailed, the emperor and to give the near ministers and officials, when the spring plate is extremely elaborate: "Cui-wisp red silk, gold chicken and jade swallows, ready to be very exquisite, each plate straight ten thousand dollars. Folk also used to gift each other. Eat spring pancake food custom also affects the brother nation. Such as Yelu Chu law with Genghis Khan when he conquered the Western Regions had ordered the chef to make the spring plate, and made a poem: "Yesterday's spring accidentally forget, try to make a spring plate I tasted. The case of the first silver thread mess, sand bottle cooked lotus root long. Uniform and peas rubbed onion white, fine cut artemisia point leeks. Also with the same has been satiated, the district why wait for the cream". Spring pancake development to today, the shape of any place and time to eat, also due to different places. There are branding, there are also steamed; or as big as a fan, or as small as a lotus armor.
Two, Dragon Boat Festival:
1, zongzi: zongzi ancient known as the "corner of millet", the real written records of the zongzi in the Jin Zhou Zhi's "land and customs"; and the flow of order, the longest history of the zongzi are Xi'an's honey cool dumplings, in Tang Wei Juyuan "recipes".
2, xionghuang wine: xionghuang wine: the custom of drinking xionghuang wine at the Dragon Boat Festival, once upon a time in the Yangtze River Basin region is extremely prevalent.
3, five yellow: Jiangsu and Zhejiang have the Dragon Boat Festival to eat "five yellow" custom. Five yellow refers to the cucumber, eel, yellow fish, duck egg yolk, xionghuang wine. In addition, the Dragon Boat Festival in northern Zhejiang has the custom of eating tofu.
4, cake: Dragon Boat Festival is a grand festival of the Korean people in Yanbian, Jilin Province. The most representative food on this day is the fragrant cake. Cake, is the wormwood and glutinous rice, placed in a large wooden groove chiseled in a single tree, with a long-handled wooden whack made of rice cakes. This food is very ethnic, but also add to the atmosphere of the festival.
5, fried heap: Fujian Jinjiang area, the Dragon Boat Festival, every family will eat "fried heap", that is, with flour, rice flour or sweet potato flour and other ingredients into a thick paste fried. Legend has it that in ancient times in southern Fujian area before the Dragon Boat Festival is the rainy season, rainy and cloudy, folk say that the sky is wearing a hole, to "make up for the sky". After the Dragon Boat Festival, the rain stops after eating the "fried pile", and people say that the sky is mended. This food custom is derived from this. Most of them have profound meanings, such as sacrificial food snake pan rabbit, there is a "snake pan rabbit, must be rich," said, meaning to look forward to the people rich and strong; Zi push Yan, to take the jiexiu dialect "Niannian" not forgetting the jiexiu high wind and bright integrity ... ... ....
Jinnan area folk used to eat cold noodles, cold noodles, cold cake and so on. Jinbei region used to fry Qi (that is, the cake or white flour steamed and cut into dice-sized square, dried in the sun with the soil fried yellow) as a cold day of food. Some mountainous areas on this day the whole family to eat fried noodles (that is, grains and cereals fried, mixed with various types of dried fruit preserved, ground into noodles).
Cold Food Festival, folklore to steam cold swallow to celebrate, with flour pinched into a thumb in general big swallow, songbirds and beasts, fruits, flowers and so on, after steaming coloring, inserted in the jujube tree on top of the needles, decorating the interior, but also as a gift to others.
Four, Tanabata Festival:
The Tanabata begging festival food, to the most famous fruit. Qiaojiao is also known as "begging for coquettish fruits", there are many styles. The main ingredients are oil, flour, sugar and honey. In Tokyo Dreaming Records, it is called "Laughing Aversion" and "Fruit and Food Patterns", and there are drawings such as "Pressing Fragrance" and "Fang Sheng". Song Dynasty, the market has been the Tanabata coquettish fruit for sale, coquettish fruit practice is: first sugar in a pot melted syrup, and then and into the flour, sesame, mix well and then spread on the case to defend the thin, cooled with a knife and cut into rectangles, and finally folded into the shuttle-shaped coquettish fruit embryo, into the oil deep-frying to the golden brown that is. Handy women, but also pinch molded a variety of legends related to the Tanabata pattern. In addition, begging with a variety of variations of melons: or melons carved into exotic flowers and birds, or in relief on the surface of the melon skin patterns; such melons are called "flower melon".
Five, Chongyang Festival:
1, flower cake: Chongyang eat flower cake began in the Western Han Dynasty, then known as the Peng bait, that is, corn cake. To the Song Dynasty, the festival to eat flower cake wind flourished, has been handed down to the present day.
The Chrysanthemum Festival honors the elderly, climbing high to avoid disaster. "Cake" and "high" homophonic, but also "step by step", "longevity nine nine" meaning, so the "Chrysanthemum cake" has become a popular festival food. Autumn high and refreshing, climbed high and quit the green, tasting flower cake, enjoying chrysanthemum chanting Tao Yuanming poetry, held a variety of activities to respect the elderly, full of human affection. China's southern part of the festival generally have dogwood to drive away evil customs, while Beijing is to honor the elderly as the main content, so more chrysanthemums, and fewer dogwood insertion.
2, crab: Eating crab method has to pay attention to, how to do healthy eating crab? Eating crab can not be without fresh ginger and vinegar. Because the crab smell salty, cold, and ginger temperature, with warmth and cold detoxification effect; vinegar in addition to flavoring, but also can be sterilized, destroy the histamine in the crab. And ginger and vinegar is seasoning, eat crab dipped in ginger vinegar sauce, in order to make the crab taste more fresh.
3, chrysanthemum wine: nine nine and "long" harmony, and "wine" is also homophonic, so derived from the nine nine to drink chrysanthemum wine of this statement. In September, the autumn chrysanthemum is proud of the frost. Literati call September "the month of chrysanthemums", and the common people call chrysanthemums "nine flowers", and Beijing treats chrysanthemums as one of the city flowers. The chrysanthemum has become a symbol of vitality due to its unique character of fighting against the cold. It has an unusual cultural significance to the ancient people, who regarded it as the "life-extending guest" and "ageless grass", which can make people old and strong.
4, mutton noodles: sheep "and" Yang "harmonized, should be the ceremony of Chongyang. Face to eat white noodles, "white" is the "hundred" to remove the top of the word "one", a hundred minus one for ninety-nine of the symbolism, in order to be "nine nine The "Ninety-Nine" Ceremony. The capital to the ninety-nine-year-old birthday called "white birthday". Wealthy people can hold a lamb-based banquet on the same day, bursting, roasting, shabu-shabu and even the whole goat banquet. Autumn is the fattest season for sheep, and mutton is warm, so it can protect you from the cold.