English name Omoto Nipponlily

Alias open throat sword, nine-knot lotus, eternal winter, iron pole.

Classification Liliaceae, Evergreen.

Morphology and habit

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Morphological characteristics of perennial perennial evergreen herbs. Rhizomes are thick and short, with fibrous roots at nodes. The leaves are clustered at the base, oblong and lanceolate, and leathery and shiny. Spikes are terminal, with small and dense flowers. Perianths are spherical and bell-shaped, white and green, and flowering from June to August. Berries are spherical, green when they are immature, red when they are ripe, and never fall after winter.

Common variants are:

1, Phnom Penh Evergreen (var.marginata).

2. Var.variegata.

Others are big leaves, thin leaves, short plants, and varieties with yellow and white stripes, which are more common in Japan and Taiwan Province.

Origin Evergreen is native to China and Japan. It is widely distributed in China, including East China, Central China and Southwest China. The main producing areas are Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Hubei.

Habitat habits like to grow in wet places or grasslands under forests.

Sexual preference for semi-shady, warm, humid and well-ventilated environment, not drought-tolerant, slightly cold-tolerant; Avoid direct sunlight and stagnant water.

Generally, garden soil can be cultivated, but the slightly acidic sandy loam with rich humus and good water permeability is the best.

Variety situation

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Evergreen mosaic

[alias] Daifen leaves.

[Scientific Name] Dieffenbachia maculata

[Family and Genus] Araceae, Dictyophora.

[Morphology] Perennial evergreen herb. The stems are stout and fleshy, and the plant height can reach 1 m. The leaves are large and bright, which are embedded in the upper part of the stem, elliptic, ovoid or broad-sloping-needle-shaped, with an all-rounded apex, 20 ~ 50 cm long and 5 ~15 cm wide. The leaves are dark green on both sides, and are inlaid with dense and irregular white, milky white and yellowish spots, stripes and patches. Horticultural varieties are common, such as Dawangdai powder leaves, Baiyudai powder leaves, and Summer Baidai powder leaves.

[Habit] Native to tropical America. Like high temperature, high humidity, semi-shaded or shaded environment. Not cold-resistant, avoid direct sunlight, and require loose, fertile and well-drained sandy loam.

[Propagation] Cutting is the main method. From April to May in spring, cut off the small plants from the base of the plant, dry the wound slightly, or insert it into the plain sand soil after dipping the wound with plant ash, pay attention to shading and moisturizing, and it can take root and go to the pot about 1 month.

[Cultivation] Pot culture was made of 2 parts of humus soil, 1 part of garden soil and 1 part of river sand with a small amount of decomposed base fertilizer. In the growing season, in order to keep the soil moist, we should water it more, rather than dry it, and at the same time, spray water on the leaves. Control moisture in autumn, dry and wet; Pay attention to dry the basin soil in winter. Fertilization during the growth period is generally 1 time per month, and it should be protected from direct sunlight and shaded at ordinary times. Change pots every spring 1 time. The wintering temperature in winter should not be lower than 10℃.

[Use] Potted plants for ornamental purposes. Suitable for decorating living room and study.

Decorative application: small potted plants can be placed on desks and windowsills for viewing. Medium-sized potted plants can be placed in the corner of the living room and beside the sofa as decoration to make the room full of natural vitality.

Light: semi-shade tolerance, avoid too strong sunlight, but too dark light will also lead to fading of leaves.

Water: I like wet water, so I need to water more during the growing period from March to August. It is necessary to sprinkle water frequently in summer to increase the environmental humidity.

Temperature: like high temperature, not cold-resistant, and the suitable temperature for growth is 20-30℃. The minimum wintering temperature is above 12℃. Once frozen, the leaves wilted and the terminal buds died.

Fertilizer: apply nitrogen fertilizer every month during the growing period to promote its rapid growth, and apply fertilizer and water every two weeks from March to August. Reduce fertilization after autumn.

Soil: loose, fertile and well-drained soil is required.

Propagation: Cutting propagation. It can be done in spring and summer. Take 10-15 cm long shoots, insert them into yellow sand medium, take root in 20-30 days, and then change them into new pots according to the plant size.

star-of-bethlehem

Brief introduction Tiger-eye Evergreen is native to southern Africa. Like sunshine, but also tolerant to semi-shade, cold-resistant, afraid of direct sunlight in summer, good humid environment, leaves remain pale green after heavy frost in winter. Bulbs have the habit of dormancy in summer, with strong meristem and high propagation coefficient.

Propagation is often carried out by dividing balls and sowing. Naturally divide the bulbs for propagation, dig up the bulbs in August and September, plant them in different grades according to their size, and divide the bulbs again after several years of primary planting when the bulbs are crowded. Seeding and propagation, seedlings need to be cultivated for 3-4 years before flowering.

The planting and cultivation are robust and resistant to extensive management. Fertilize L times every half month, and the soil should be loose, moist and well drained. Residual pedicels should be removed after flowering, and the next year will be more prosperous. Bulb storage temperature is 25℃, so it needs to be dry and ventilated.

Pests and diseases are harmful to mosaic disease, and the virus is spread by aphids, which can be controlled by spraying 800 times of 2.5% rotenone.

Tiger-eye evergreen should bloom from mid-April to early May, with white, orange and double petals. In spring, the star-shaped white flowers are sparkling, elegant and simple, which is an excellent tree material for arranging natural gardens and rock gardens, and is also suitable for cut flowers and potted plants.

Guangdong evergreen

Also known as bright silk grass.

It is a perennial herb of Araceae, with a plant height of 60 ~ 70 cm, upright stems and unbranched internodes.

Leaves alternate, petiole long, base expanded into sheath, leaves green, long lanceolate or oval lanceolate. Flowering in autumn, inflorescence axillary, shorter than petiole.

Its leaves are broad and bright, the seasons are green, and it is especially resistant to shade. It can be cut to prepare foliage bonsai or set off by flower arrangement to decorate the environment, and can also be used to decorate the hall with potted plants.

Evergreen Chinese

Chinese evergreen, well-known in ancient and modern times, is green all the year round, and the orange fruit does not wither in winter. It is regarded as a symbol of good luck among the people and is widely cultivated in the north and south. Potted plants in the north can be placed indoors for viewing in four seasons. Evergreen is a perennial herbaceous flower of Evergreen in Liliaceae. There are short and thick rhizomes in the ground, and the leaves are clustered from the top of the rhizomes, which are banded or oblanceolate. The flowers are short and sprouted from the leaves. The terminal spikes have dense white flowers, and the berries are spherical and orange-red. The flowering period is from June to July, and it is difficult to bear fruit in potted plants in the north, mainly for leaf viewing. Evergreen is native to China, and there is only one species. Its varieties include Phnom Penh Evergreen, Silver-edged Evergreen, Mosaic Evergreen, and varieties with big leaves, thin leaves and short growth.

Guangdong Evergreen, also commonly cultivated, is a perennial herbaceous flower of Araceae, which has the same name as Evergreen, but different families and genera. Its varieties include four queens: gold, silver, jade and beauty. The leaves are inlaid with gold and jade, and they are all outstanding indoor ornamental flowers. Evergreen and Guangdong Evergreen belong to potted plants, which require loose, fertile and slightly acidic culture soil rich in humus, like high temperature and humidity, and can not tolerate cold, and the wintering should not be lower than 50℃. Love the shade, avoid direct light, there can be sunshine in winter, shade in summer, avoid soaking in rain. The Chinese evergreen is mainly propagated by ramets. Guangdong Evergreen is mainly propagated by cutting, which should be carried out in March or September to1October. Guangdong Evergreen can also cut 8 cm long stems and soak the roots in clear water before planting, or use glassware water to nourish the leaves and watch the roots for a long time. If you want to make the leaves dark green, you can apply the mixed solution of 0.2% urea and 0.1%potassium dihydrogen phosphate once or twice in spring and autumn.

Evergreen and Guangdong Evergreen should turn over the pots and change the soil once every two or three years in early spring. After changing the pots, they should be placed in a warm and high-humidity shady place. Water should be sprayed on the leaves and the surrounding environment frequently to keep them moist. After mid-May in Beijing, they can be placed under the outdoor shady shed, and they can enter the room at the beginning of 10, releasing fresh air without smoke pollution.

Evergreen and Guangdong Evergreen belong to potted plants, which require loose, fertile and slightly acidic culture soil rich in humus, like high temperature and humidity, and can not tolerate cold, and the wintering should not be lower than 50℃. Love the shade, avoid direct light, there can be sunshine in winter, shade in summer, avoid soaking in rain.

The Chinese evergreen is mainly propagated by ramets. Guangdong Evergreen is mainly propagated by cutting, which should be carried out in March or September to1October. Guangdong Evergreen can also cut 8 cm long stems and soak the roots in clear water before planting, or use glassware water to nourish the leaves and watch the roots for a long time. If you want to make the leaves dark green, you can apply the mixed solution of 0.2% urea and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once or twice in spring and autumn.

Evergreen and Guangdong Evergreen should turn over the pots and change the soil once every two or three years in early spring. After changing the pots, they should be placed in a warm and high-temperature shady place. They should always spray water on the leaves and the surrounding environment to keep them moist. After mid-May in Beijing, they can be placed under the outdoor shady shed, and they can enter the room at the beginning of 10, releasing fresh air without smoke pollution.

Evergreen purpurea

Rhoeo discolor alias: Eupatorium, Eupatorium adenophorum and Eupatorium adenophorum.

Evergreen is native to Mexico and the West Indies.

It is an evergreen perennial herb. The leaves are needle-shaped, the front is green, with stripes of different shades, the back is purplish red, and there are stripes of different shades of purplish red (see figure). The stems and leaves are slightly juicy. The flowering period is 8 ~10 month, which is easy to bear seeds. The floret is white, and it is also called "mussel flower" because it is born in two big bracts in the shape of purple and purple, and it looks like a mussel shell spitting pearls.

Its leaves have different colors on both sides, and the brightness changes, the plant shape is moderate, and the posture is beautiful. There are many jade-white flowers in the red bracts, and the color contrast is obvious, which is strange and interesting, showing the scene of mussel shell spitting pearls, which is very rare and makes people never tire of seeing it.

Evergreen purpurea likes semi-cloudy and humid environment, likes fertile and loose sandy loam, and is more resistant to drought, sun exposure and cold, and stops growing at 10℃, so it is better to overwinter above 10℃.

It has good shade tolerance and strong ability to adapt to dry climate, so it has become a good leaf-viewing product for indoor cultivation in northern and southern regions of China. It can be placed in a bright living room for a long time. If it is dark indoors, it is advisable to replace it once every 20 days.

Its propagation is mainly sowing, and tiny seeds can be sown with the harvest, and seedlings can be transplanted in half a month with a height of 3 ~ 5 cm. Cutting propagation can also be carried out in spring and autumn. Cut off the leaves at the top, insert them in sand, and place them in the shade. Don't be too wet. Roots will take about 20 days, and when new leaves grow, they will be transferred to normal management. The remaining old stems can be regressed into new branches.