Sugarcane stored in bad conditions can cause mildew, its meat is light yellow or brown, grayish black, its structure is loose, it has sour taste, spicy taste or distiller's grains taste, and it is easy to be poisoned after eating.

Symptoms of poisoning appear several hours to dozens of hours after eating, and the shorter the incubation period, the more serious the symptoms are. The main manifestations are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, and sometimes the stool is black. Accompanied by headache, dizziness, dark eyes and diplopia. Lighter people heal themselves. In severe cases, paroxysmal convulsions, gaze, dilated pupils, coma and death occurred.

The first aid method is as follows:

1. induce vomiting.

2. Symptomatic treatment after vomiting, and send the patient to the hospital for treatment.

First aid of fish gall poisoning

Fish gall poisoning has obvious symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea; There may be liver damage, such as yellowing of skin and eyeball; Renal dysfunction, manifested as oliguria and anuria; Severe bleeding from nose and gums, convulsions, coma and paralysis.

The first aid method is as follows:

1. Because the fish gall stays in the stomach for a long time, the patient can be induced to vomit, stimulate the pharynx with fingers and chopsticks, and repeatedly induce vomiting and warm water. Early performance can be oral milk, egg white.

2. Send the patient to the hospital for further treatment.

First aid for eating poisonous honey

When the pollen of honey source plants is toxic (such as tripterygium wilfordii, Herba Clerodendranthi, etc.), the honey brewed by bees collecting pollen will also be toxic. Once edible honey poisoning occurs, it can be rescued as follows:

1. Early vomiting, gastric lavage and catharsis should be performed immediately. Gastric lavage can be done with light salt water, 1∶5000 potassium permanganate solution, and catharsis can be done with 20 ml of magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate solution orally.

2. Take 20g of "universal antidote" (2 parts of activated carbon, 2 parts of magnesium oxide 1 part, and 0 parts of tannic acid 1 part) orally, and drink it in 1 glass of water to absorb the poison.

3. Patients with severe poisoning should be sent to hospital for emergency treatment as soon as possible.

First aid of mushroom poisoning

Generally speaking, all bright colors, warts, spots, fissures, bubbling and bleeding, mushroom rings, meat dishes and grotesque wild mushrooms have different degrees of toxic components, such as muscarine, muscarinic hemolysin, toxic peptide and toxic umbrella peptide.

After eating toadstool, it usually comes on after10 ~ 30 minutes, with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea and abdominal pain, which may be accompanied by sweating, drooling, tears, weak pulse and other signs, such as jaundice, anemia and bleeding tendency. A few patients have delirium, respiratory depression and even coma, shock and death.

The first aid method is as follows:

1. Call the emergency number immediately, and keep samples of toadstools for professional treatment.

2. Eliminate the uninbsorbed toadstools in time. Warm boiled water or strong tea can be used to induce vomiting. When conditions permit, take medicinal charcoal (activated carbon) orally to absorb toxins, or use 1∶2000 potassium permanganate solution or 0.5% tannic acid solution and strong tea for gastric lavage.

3. Send the patient to the hospital for further treatment.

4. Prevention is the key to prevent toadstool poisoning. Mainly to strengthen publicity and education, teach the masses to identify toadstools and avoid eating. Some poisonous mushrooms are very similar to edible mushrooms, so it is advisable not to eat wild mushrooms casually if you are not fully sure.

Emergency treatment of sprouted potato poisoning

Harvesting immature potatoes or exposure to sunlight during storage can cause the skin of potatoes to turn purple or germinate. Among them, the content of Solanum nigrum is very high, which is a toxic substance to human body, especially in bud perforation and skin ulceration.

Illness can occur within tens of minutes to several hours after eating immature or germinated potatoes. Itching, burning sensation, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea in throat. In severe cases, headache, dizziness, irritability, slurred speech, disturbance of consciousness, convulsions, dyspnea and even respiratory arrest.

The first aid method is as follows:

1. In case of poisoning, vomiting should be induced immediately, and the tongue root and posterior pharyngeal wall should be stimulated with fingers and chopsticks to cause vomiting. After drinking some warm water, you can repeatedly induce vomiting until the vomit is clear water. Then take laxatives, such as magnesium sulfate15 ~ 20 ml, to reduce the absorption of toxins.

2. Drink more light salt water, milk or salty drinks in case of severe vomiting and diarrhea to replenish water and correct dehydration.

3. Severe poisoning patients are sent to the hospital in an emergency.

First aid for poisoning of spoiled vegetables.

Some vegetables containing nitrate and nitrite, such as spinach, Chinese cabbage, beet and wild shepherd's purse, are the most commonly eaten green leafy vegetables in people's lives. Nitrate eaten by people in the above-mentioned spoiled vegetables can be reduced to toxic nitrite in the intestine. Once the intake of nitrite exceeds 0.35 g, it will lead to different degrees of poisoning.

The main symptoms are cyanosis of lips and toes. The patient may have dizziness, headache, listlessness, lethargy, unresponsiveness, coma, convulsions and other symptoms, and in severe cases may lose consciousness. The patient's limbs are wet and cold, and his heart beats faster; In severe cases, the heart rate turns slow, arrhythmia, or pulmonary edema occurs; When hypoxia is too long and severe, it is easy to cause respiratory failure, which can endanger the life of patients. Some poisoned people also have digestive tract symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence and abdominal pain.

The first aid method is as follows:

1. After poisoning, vomiting should be induced in time, magnesium sulfate should be taken orally to induce diarrhea, and the poison should be excreted as much as possible.

2. Place the poisoned person in a well-ventilated place, rest in bed, keep warm and encourage the poisoned person to drink more water. People with cyanosis and dyspnea should be given oxygen.

3. Patients with severe poisoning should be sent to hospital in time for treatment.

First aid of drinking detergent by mistake

If the detergent is not properly kept and mixed with food, it will often be poisoned by eating it by mistake. After poisoning, you can give first aid in the following ways:

1. You should induce vomiting as soon as possible after eating washing powder by mistake. After inducing vomiting, you can take milk, egg white, soybean milk and thick rice soup orally, and immediately send the patient to hospital for treatment.

2. After drinking detergent by mistake, about 200ml of milk, yogurt, juice, etc. should be taken orally immediately. At the same time, a small amount of cooking oil can be taken orally to relieve the irritation to mucosa, and the patient should be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment. Generally speaking, vomiting and gastric lavage are strictly prohibited.

3. When ingesting the toilet flushing agent by mistake, you should take milk, soybean milk, egg white and peanut oil immediately, and send the patient to the hospital for emergency treatment as soon as possible, and avoid vomiting, gastric lavage and enema.

Beware of frog meat poisoning

People only know that frog meat is delicious, but they don't know that frog meat is not edible.

The increase of pesticide residues makes people who eat frog meat "commit chronic suicide". The long-term use of pesticides to kill insects in many farmland has made some insects gain drug resistance and accumulated a lot of residual poison in their bodies. After frogs prey on these insects, they will also accumulate a lot of residual poison in their bodies, and their tolerance to pesticides will gradually increase.

There are inspection reports showing that. The residue of organic pesticides in frog meat is 3 1 times that of pork. It can be seen that eating frog meat is quite harmful.

Eating immature frog meat can also cause sparganosis mansoni, which can cause inflammation, abscess and granuloma of human soft tissue. If it invades important organs such as eyes and brain, it can lead to blindness, paralysis, convulsions, seizures, etc., and in severe cases, it can cause death. Pregnant women infected with sparganum may cause infant malformation.

Most frogs in cities come from rural vendors, and some frogs may have died during their capture and trafficking. After the frog dies, a large number of bacteria multiply and produce various toxins, which are very harmful to the human body.

Heating cooking can kill bacteria, but toxins can't destroy them. After eating, it is mild, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, and severe shock and death.

In addition, a large amount of organic amines will be produced in dead frogs, which will also make people toxic after eating.

Beware of poisoning of immature beans

Beans contain a toxic protein called lectin, and some beans contain saponins, both of which will do harm to human health.

However, both toxins are afraid of high temperature, and under the action of high temperature, the toxins are decomposed and destroyed, losing their toxicity. If the stewed and fried beans are short and the beans are not cooked, the half-cooked beans will still contain toxic proteins and saponins, especially some people like to eat fresh and crisp beans, which will contain more toxins. Eating such beans will lead to poisoning.

Some people also like to eat beans made in this way: scald them with boiling water, soak them in cold water, then shred them and mix them with cold dishes; Or blanch the beans with boiling water, and salt them when they are cold. These are not proper ways to eat. Because the scalded beans are immature, they still contain a lot of toxins, and they will be poisoned after eating, but they will be poisoned only if they are eaten less.

At present, there is no specific medicine for treating bean poisoning, so it is particularly important to avoid poisoning. In order to avoid eating beans poisoning, whether stewed, fried or boiled, beans must be cooked. Cooked beans do not contain toxins and are safe for people to eat.

Beware of pickled cabbage poisoning.

Nitrite is contained in pickled cabbage. After nitrite enters the digestive tract and dissolves into the blood, it can oxidize normal hemoglobin in the blood into methemoglobin, which can weaken the oxygen transmission ability of normal hemoglobin, thus causing severe hypoxia.

After hypoxia, cyanosis will appear on people's nails, lips and skin, accompanied by symptoms such as headache, dizziness, rapid breathing and heartbeat, physical discomfort, and even life-threatening due to respiratory failure.

In order to avoid poisoning, never eat pickled cabbage that has not been pickled thoroughly. In general, pickled Chinese sauerkraut does not contain nitrite. So how can we judge that the food has been marinated thoroughly?

According to practical experience, the pickled cabbage in a jar can basically be pickled if it is kept at room temperature of 18℃ for more than 30 days. If the cabbage is tight and firm, the pickled cabbage will take longer.

Rescue of alcoholism

Alcoholism occurs when drinking too much. Alcoholism is characterized by hyperemia of the eyes, flushing of the face, mild dizziness, euphoria, excessive speech and incoherent speech.

Sometimes it is manifested as slurred speech, unsteady gait, clumsy and uncoordinated movements, and loss of balance. Finally, the symptoms are lethargy, slow breathing, pale face, wet and cold skin, and some of them fall into coma. In severe cases, they may die of respiratory and circulatory failure.

Alcoholism has the following common rescue methods:

1. Rice soup contains polysaccharides and B vitamins. Drinking it after drunkenness has hangover relieving effect, such as adding appropriate amount of sugar to rice soup, the effect is better.

2. Milk hangover method. Protein in milk will coagulate under the action of alcohol, thus protecting gastric mucosa and alleviating the absorption of alcohol. Therefore, drinking more milk after drinking can achieve the purpose of hangover.

3. syrup hangover method. Drinking more white sugar water after drinking can achieve the effect of hangover.

First aid of sleeping pill poisoning

There are many kinds of sleeping pills, and poisoning mainly comes from taking too much or taking a lot at a time. Poisoned people often have lethargy, muscle spasm, decreased blood pressure, shallow and slow breathing, slow heartbeat, weak pulse, and even deep coma and reflex disappearance.

If the absorbed dosage exceeds 15 times of the usual dosage, it may cause death due to respiratory depression. The acute poisoning symptoms of sleeping pills vary according to the dosage, time, fasting or not, and individual physical differences.

The first aid method is as follows:

1. The poisoned person should be sent to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible. In the first aid, the pharynx reflex can be stimulated to cause vomiting, or the stomach can be lavage with 1∶5000 potassium permanganate solution or water, and the diarrhea can also be induced by magnesium sulfate.

2. Patients should lie on their back, with their heads tilted sideways, and move their heads as little as possible to prevent aspiration.

3. Intravenous drip of norepinephrine or m-hydroxylamine is used for patients with blood pressure drop, and pentobarbital can be used for patients with convulsion, and an ambulance is called to be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment.

First aid of arsenic poisoning

Arsenic is a white powder with no special smell, which is similar to flour, starch and baking soda, so it is easy to be poisoned by mistake.

Arsenic is highly toxic, which can destroy respiratory enzymes of some cells after entering the human body, so that tissues and cells can not get oxygen and die; It can also strongly stimulate gastrointestinal mucosa, causing mucosal ulceration and bleeding; Can also destroy blood vessels, bleeding, liver damage, serious death due to respiratory and circulatory failure.

The first aid method is as follows;

1. To induce vomiting as soon as possible, in order to discharge poison. The method of inducing vomiting is to let the patient drink plenty of warm boiled water or dilute salt water, then extend the index finger and middle finger to the base of the tongue to stimulate the pharynx, and then vomit. It is best to let patients drink water and vomit repeatedly until the color of the spit liquid is like water.

2. The burnt steamed bread can be ground and eaten by the patient to adsorb the poison. You can also drink a lot of milk (3 ~ 5 bottles) and egg white (4 ~ 5 bottles) to protect the gastric mucosa.

3. After arsenic poisoning, it is the key to determine the patient's life and death whether it can be properly treated first aid. Patients should be sent to the hospital quickly.

Now there is a special antidote for arsenic poisoning-dimercaprol, which can combine with poisons to form non-toxic substances after entering human body.

Emergency treatment after pesticide poisoning

After taking pesticide10 ~ 30 minutes by mistake. Generally, there will be dizziness, nausea, vomiting, salivation, sweating, unstable standing, pale face, incontinence and other symptoms.

At this time, the patient's throat should be stimulated with chopsticks, feathers or fingers immediately before being sent to the hospital for rescue, so as to spit out the pesticide. After vomiting, you can take egg white, milk or concentrated milk powder to protect the gastric mucosa, reduce the stimulation of pesticides on the gastric wall, delay the absorption of poisons, and send patients to the hospital as soon as possible.

First aid for eating poisonous rat poison by mistake.

There are many kinds of rat poison, which will be life-threatening after people eat it by mistake. The following methods should be taken to treat the poisoning of rat poison by mistake:

1. If diphacinone sodium salt is eaten by mistake, hemoptysis, hematuria, hematochezia, extensive bleeding in mucosa and subcutaneous tissue will occur. The principle of first aid is to induce vomiting. Please refer to the first aid measures of "arsenic poisoning".

2. After zinc phosphide poisoning, gastrointestinal symptoms such as burning sensation in mouth and stomach, numbness in throat, thirst, nausea and vomiting will appear within half an hour to several hours. Exhaled gas and vomited things have the peculiar garlic smell of zinc phosphide. After finding the poisoned person, you should immediately stimulate the throat with your fingers to induce vomiting. It is strictly forbidden for poisoned people to eat oily foods such as egg yolk and fat meat, so as not to accelerate the absorption of zinc phosphide.

3. Antoine is slightly fragrant. Adults may die of poisoning if they eat 0.5 grams of Antoine, and children are more sensitive. After ingesting diazepam by mistake, the poisoned person can drink several glasses of salt water, add a spoonful of salt to a glass of water, and then induce vomiting until the vomit is clean water. It is forbidden for poisoned people to eat oily food.

4. After the first aid treatment, the person who is poisoned by eating poisonous rat poison by mistake should be sent to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment.

5. In order to prevent zinc phosphide poisoning, about 1/3 tartar can be mixed into the bait. In this way. If you vomit after eating by mistake, you can alleviate the symptoms of poisoning without affecting the effect of poisoned mice.

6. Poisoned mice should be properly handled, and poisoned chickens, rabbits and other livestock should never be eaten. Buried or burned.

7. Poison rat poison should be released at night and collected in the morning, and the remaining poison bait should be buried in time.

First aid of gas poisoning

Where there is open flame burning, if it is closed or poorly ventilated, the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air will increase greatly due to incomplete combustion, and people will have acute carbon monoxide poisoning in a short time after inhalation.

The basic pathological change of carbon monoxide poisoning is hypoxia, and the main manifestation is coma due to brain hypoxia.

The first aid method is as follows:

1. Rescue the poisoned person safely from the poisoned environment and quickly transfer to the fresh air.

2. If the poisoned person breathes weakly or even stops. Artificial respiration should be performed immediately, as long as the heartbeat still exists, it is possible to treat it. Vomiting in the mouth should be eliminated before artificial respiration. If the heart stops, perform CPR.

3. High concentration oxygen inhalation. The higher the oxygen concentration, the faster the dissociation of carboxyhemoglobin. Oxygen inhalation should be maintained until the poisoned person is conscious.

4. If the poisoned person is too unconscious. Dexamethasone10mg can be slowly injected intravenously in 20ml of 20% glucose solution, and an ice pack can be placed around the head to cool down, so as to prevent or reduce the occurrence of brain edema, and at the same time, it can be transferred to the hospital.

It is best to have a hospital with hyperbaric oxygen chamber in order to treat brain edema comprehensively and effectively.

5. In the process of on-site rescue and sending to the hospital, the poisoned person should be fully given oxygen, and pay attention to the unobstructed respiratory tract.

First aid of cellar suffocation

The first aid points in case of cellar suffocation are as follows:

1. If you want to go into the cellar to save people, you must first have ventilation. The simplest method is to throw the semi-open umbrella with the rope tied to the umbrella handle into the cellar, and keep lifting it up and down to make the umbrella open and close one by one to promote air convection in the cellar.

Or use branches with leaves, open clothes, sheets, hats, etc. to swing back and forth to promote fresh air in the cellar. Electric fans, blowers, etc. can also be placed in the cellar to make the air in the cellar circulate.

2. After the cellar is ventilated, the rope can be tied to hang candles.

The oil lamp goes into the cellar. If the candle doesn't go out, it means that the oxygen content in the cellar is still normal, so you can go into the cellar to save people.

3. The waist (armpit) of the rescuer entering the cellar should be tied with a rope, and the other end of the rope should be mastered by people outside the cellar. Always communicate inside and outside the cellar. Once the rescuer has difficulty breathing or syncope discomfort, those outside the cellar should immediately pull him out.

4. After the person is rescued, immediately untie his collar button and belt, loosen his clothes and trousers, and put him in a well-ventilated place. If the victim's breathing and heartbeat are weak or have stopped, he should be given artificial respiration and chest compressions immediately, and sent to the hospital as soon as possible.

First aid of biogas poisoning

Biogas is a mixed gas, which contains methane, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, etc., and the content of methane accounts for more than 60%.

Methane is a colorless, odorless and flammable gas, which is not only easy to explode, but also easy to cause hypoxia poisoning. Symptoms such as deepening and accelerating breathing, breathing with the mouth open, and chest distress appear soon after poisoning, and soon they faint and become unconscious. In severe cases, breathing, cardiac arrest, and even death.

The first aid method is as follows:

1. When someone faints in the biogas digester and cannot be rescued quickly, various measures should be taken immediately to ventilate the pool and input fresh air. Never go into the pool blindly to save people, so as to avoid suffocation poisoning yourself.

2. After the poisoned person is rescued, he should be placed in fresh air quickly, and his buttons should be loosened, but he should pay attention to keeping warm.

3. If the victim's breathing and heartbeat have stopped, artificial respiration and chest compressions should be performed immediately.

4. After on-site preliminary treatment, the patient should be sent to the hospital for further diagnosis and treatment.