The treatment of diabetes consists of five elements: diabetes education, diet therapy, appropriate exercise, hypoglycemic medication and monitoring of the condition. These five components are effective integrated therapies for the treatment of diabetes in the medical field around the world, and are based on the causes and pathology of diabetes.

One of the basic measures for diabetes is the popularization and education of knowledge about diabetes. The development and emphasis of this measure should be said to be based on the lifelong treatment characteristics of diabetes, so it is imperative to educate patients and their families, to master the basic knowledge of diabetes prevention and treatment, to learn to prepare diabetic meals and self-care, and to learn self-monitoring of blood glucose, so as to increase the patient's confidence and self-awareness, and to participate in the treatment in a positive and proactive manner.

Dietary control is nutritional therapy, which is an indispensable basic therapy in the treatment of diabetes. Regardless of the light or heavy degree of diabetes, and regardless of the type, as long as it is diabetes, the diet must be strictly regulated. Dietary control is control under the premise of ensuring that diabetics are supplied with adequate, and balanced, nutrition, maintaining an ideal body weight, and keeping blood sugar well stabilized, rather than unlimited control.

Adequate exercise is a treatment developed to address the principle that diabetes, especially type II diabetes, is caused by a lack of exercise among environmental factors. The benefits of moderate exercise for diabetes are undeniable, but at the same time it should be known that exercise is a double-edged sword. If the "fire" is not mastered well, exercise this positive treatment, but also bring counterproductive results, so the exercise therapy for diabetes, there are indications and contraindications.

Glucose-lowering drug therapy is a remedy in the case of dietary control, appropriate exercise, blood glucose is still very high, failed to control the situation. Insulin therapy is a supplementary, replacement therapy for patients with absolute lack of insulin. Insulin therapy is applied when the pancreatic islets are destroyed and unable to produce insulin in type I diabetes, when the final islets fail in type II diabetes, or when a certain conditional situation prevents the use of oral medication. Sulfonylureas in oral hypoglycemic drugs are used when the pancreatic islets in diabetic patients still have secretion function, and play the role of stimulating and urging the pancreatic islets to strengthen their work, and are the supervisors of the pancreatic islets. The second category of oral medication is biguanides, which can be called anti-hyperglycemic drugs, not as hypoglycemic drugs. It lowers hyperglycemia, does not lower normoglycemia, does not stimulate the pancreatic islets to intensify their secretion, but acts on the peripheral tissues to reduce glucose xenogenesis and increase glucose uptake and utilization by muscles and tissues, with the resultant drop in blood glucose and a decrease in the dosage of insulin. Glucosidase inhibitors are the third major class of hypoglycemic agents. Its hypoglycemic effect is to make the starch dextrin that enters the small intestine, the process of decomposition into glucose is significantly slowed down, can not be changed into glucose, and can not be absorbed into the bloodstream, the blood glucose will not rise. Therefore, this drug has achieved significant efficacy in reducing postprandial blood sugar. The last class of drugs is insulin sensitizers, which have one characteristic: they do not work in the absence of insulin in the body. When there is insulin in the body, and whether it is exogenously injected insulin or endogenously generated insulin, the drug can enhance the sensitivity of insulin in skeletal muscle, liver and fat tissue cells. Simply put, it makes insulin work better.