At present, the nutritional status of students in China is not optimistic. Although the dietary calorie supply is basically up to standard, the supply in protein is low, the proportion of high-quality protein is small, and the nutrients such as calcium, zinc, iron and vitamin A are obviously insufficient. Due to the low absorption and utilization rate of dietary iron, the prevalence rate of iron deficiency anemia in people under 20 years old in China is 6-29%. Urban primary and secondary school students generally have sloppy breakfasts, poor Chinese food and rich dinners, but they should actually eat rich breakfasts. The proportion of plant-derived iron in students' diet is too high, and the quality and absorption of iron are poor; The calcium intake of students is only 40.6% of the relevant standards, which is related to the low intake of dairy products and beans in students' diet. It is worth mentioning that at present, middle school students have a heavy academic burden and do not pay attention to diet, which leads to poor nutritional status. Because urban students have a high standard of living, a serious partial eclipse, eat more high-calorie chocolates and cakes, and lack physical exercise, while rural children do not have a partial eclipse and have a large amount of activities, so the general nutritional status of urban children is not as good as that of rural children.
With the improvement of living standards, there are more and more picky eaters, anorexia and partial eclipse among primary and secondary school students. Many students have developed the habit of eating snacks instead of staple food, resulting in more and more malnourished students. Coupled with study and mental stress, it is easy to suffer from anemia and other diseases.
In addition, because many students and their parents lack reasonable nutrition knowledge, students eat high-fat and high-protein foods unilaterally and lack exercise, the incidence of obesity among adolescents in China is increasing year by year, reaching 15.3% in some places. Teenagers' unhealthy eating habits and lifestyles have laid a "time bomb" for adults to suffer from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, hepatobiliary diseases and other chronic diseases.
In order to make teenagers grow sturdily, we should popularize students' nutrition knowledge and provide students with a reasonable diet structure. Primary and secondary schools and kindergartens should rationally distribute meals according to the nutritional components contained in different foods and the nutritional standards of students of different ages, so as to achieve balanced health.
At the press conference of the first China Student Nutrition and Health Festival, nutrition experts called on the whole society to pay attention to the nutrition and health problems of primary and middle school students in urban and rural areas, despite the increasingly affluent life in urban and rural areas.
Nutritional status and nutritional composition are important factors affecting the quality of a nation's population, which are directly related to the physical and intellectual development of teenagers. Jiang Jianping, director of the Expert Committee of the National Student Milk Drinking Program, believes that malnutrition caused by the lack of certain nutrients has not disappeared naturally with the economic development. According to him, some data show that the average calcium intake in primary and secondary schools is obviously insufficient, only reaching 40%-50% of the supply standard, regardless of urban and rural areas.
Especially the nutritional status of rural children is even more worrying. The low weight rate and growth retardation rate of children under 5 years old in rural areas reached 23.9% and 29.5% respectively, which directly affected the healthy growth of children and adolescents. At the same time, the obesity rate of urban primary and secondary school students is rising rapidly. For example, in 200 1 year, the obesity rate in Beijing is as high as 15%- 17%, which is 10 percentage point higher than that in the whole country. Obesity has become a prominent problem. Due to the lack of physical exercise among primary and secondary school students, the students' body mass index was lower than 1995 in 2000.
Guo Jiyi, vice president of the China Student Nutrition and Health Promotion Association, said that statistics show that the average height of China teenagers aged114 is 2-3 cm shorter than that of their Japanese counterparts, mainly because China teenagers have an unbalanced diet and lack of vitamins and trace elements such as calcium, iron and zinc, leading to malnutrition. According to statistics, the malnutrition of children in the western region is more serious than that in the eastern region. The proportion of children whose height and weight are not up to standard is 20%, and the proportion of children with growth retardation is as high as 30%.
Experts believe that it is urgent to publicize and popularize the knowledge of nutrition science and food hygiene, so as to eliminate the "nutrition blindness" in urban and rural areas of China.
1989 On May 20th, "China Student Nutrition Day" was launched nationwide, and it has been 15 years since then. On this basis, in order to further promote the improvement of students' nutritional status and composition, and improve people's health quality, China Student Nutrition and Health Promotion Association, China Care for the Next Generation Working Committee, china charity federation and China Nutrition Society, and the Care for the Next Generation Working Committee of the Ministry of Education decided to hold the China Student Nutrition and Health Festival to comprehensively publicize students' nutrition, food safety, health and other related knowledge to all walks of life. "Care for the next generation starts with me" has become the conscious action of every parent and the whole society. Kunming, which supplies about 80,000 cases of milk to students every day, became the host city of the first China Student Nutrition and Health Festival.
Basic requirements for the design of breakfast, lunch and dinner for students.
1, the basic requirements of students' nutritious breakfast design
According to the basic requirements of recommended dietary supply per meal per eye for students in China, the contents of various nutrients in general breakfast recipes should account for about 30% of the daily supply.
A nutritious breakfast should be based on the basic principles of "matching grains, matching coarse and fine grains, matching meat and vegetables, and matching in various ways" to meet the requirements of reasonable nutrition and balanced diet as much as possible.
A nutritious breakfast should consist of porridge, noodles and cold dishes. Add a melon and fruit to supplement vitamins after meals.
2. Basic requirements for the design of students' nutritious lunch
The designed amount of nutrients for students' lunch should account for 35 ~ 40% of the total daily supply.
The food supply for students' nutritious lunch should include fruits and vegetables, soybeans and their products, fish, meat, poultry and eggs, with the proportions of about 65%, 10% and 25% respectively.
Pay attention to the reasonable collocation of color, fragrance, taste, shape and quality of recipes.
Good at cooking some cheap and nutritious dishes, such as bean products, pork liver, kelp, fat meat, carrots and other foods.
3. Basic requirements for the design of students' nutritious dinner.
The designed amount of nutrients for students' nutritious dinner should account for 35-40% of the whole day's supply, and the designed amount of various nutrients should be supplemented with more nutrients that are conducive to promoting growth and development.
The food for students' nutritious dinner should include fruits and vegetables, soybeans and their products, fish, poultry, eggs and milk, with the proportions of 60%, 10% and 30% respectively.
The variety of students' nutritious dinner should be 6- 10 or more (excluding soup, onion, ginger and garlic seasoning).
Pay attention to the reasonable collocation of color, fragrance, taste, shape and quality of recipes.
Publicity themes over the years:
199 1 and 1992 are "nutrition, health, studious and enterprising" respectively;
1993 is: "Nutrition mainly comes from daily diet";
1994 is "comprehensive, balanced and appropriate nutrition";
1995 is "Nutrition gives you health, wisdom and strength";
1996 is: "Everyone comes to learn nutrition knowledge, and everyone learns to take care of themselves";
1997 and 1998 are: "Nutrition gives you health, wisdom and strength";
1999 is: "Building a seedling protection system project to hold up tomorrow's sun";
In 2000, it was "nutritious lunch combined with quality education to train talents for the country";
200 1 Yes: "Drink milk to keep healthy";
The year 2002 was "ensuring food safety and promoting the development of students' nutritious meals".
The year 2003 was "Nutrition, Food Safety and Health".
The year 2004 was "Nutrition Food Safety and Health".
2005 is "balanced nutrition and moderate exercise".
2006 is "balanced nutrition and moderate exercise". Subtitle: Preventing chronic diseases, starting from teenagers.
2007 is a "balanced nutrition moderate exercise"-"healthy and harmonious nutrition".
2008 is a "balanced nutrition moderate movement"-"nutrition, food safety and health"