1, only for potted plants, do not need to blossom and bear fruit, and can not grow too fast, mainly to appreciate the beauty of seeds and plants.
This situation is relatively simple, and the method of potted egg yolk fruit is also relatively simple, just like the sowing method of other fruits such as citrus, grapefruit and pitaya, as shown in the following figure. Before sowing, you should use tools to open the hard shell of seeds and then sow. It can germinate when the temperature and humidity are suitable.
I want to plant egg yolk and fruit in flowerpot.
This kind of potted plant is very difficult. I hope you can't see it overnight. Moreover, yolk fruit is a tropical fruit, mainly distributed in the southern region. If the northern flower lovers want to try it, the difficulty can be imagined, but here is a brief introduction of the method for the reference of interested flower friends.
The following information comes from Guangdong Agricultural Science:
First, variety selection
At present, most of the yolk fruits on the market are imported from abroad, and most of them are seedlings in China, with different qualities. According to the characteristics of fruit, it can be divided into five types: peach shape, DOG shape, spherical shape, spindle shape and inverted egg shape. Peach-shaped peel is slightly yellow-green, the fruit shape is large, the maximum single fruit weight can reach 298 grams, the fruit shoulder is slightly longer, the fruit mouth is flat, the taste is good, there are few seeds, the edible rate is high, and the tree is vigorous. Momo-shaped fruit is slightly smaller than peach-shaped, with a maximum single fruit weight of 250 grams, orange peel, good quality, delicate taste and strong tree potential; Spherical fruit, the maximum single fruit weight can reach 150g, the fruit shoulders are raised, the skin has reddish-brown patches, there are a little more seeds, the quality is good, and the tree is strong; Spindle-shaped fruit is small in shape, and the maximum single fruit weight is 130g. The fruiting body is even and slightly cylindrical, with 3 ~ 7 fruit grooves, bulging fruit shoulders, yellow skin, reddish-brown fluff in fruit grooves and fruit mouths, good quality and weak tree potential. The obovate skin is green, unsmooth, thick, poor in quality and strong in tree potential.
Generally speaking, the varieties used for bonsai cultivation are required to have the characteristics of fruit shape, beautiful leaves, compact tree shape, short tree potential, shallow root system, early fruiting, easy fruit setting, best fruit ripening during festivals, and few pests and diseases. Potted egg-yolk fruit is mainly ornamental, and the beauty of fruit, leaves and tree shape should be considered first, followed by the size, taste, edible rate and insect resistance of the fruit, and the adaptability of the variety in the local area should also be considered. From a practical point of view, bonsai cultivation should choose spherical and spindle-shaped types, followed by peach-shaped and DOG-shaped types, and the cultivation requirements are higher.
Second, seedling raising and potted plants
Egg yolk branches have milk, so the grafting survival rate is low. The ring-branch seedling technique can be used to propagate seedlings, and the obtained seedlings have the characteristics of medium tree potential, short roots, shallow roots and early fruiting, which is very suitable for potted plants.
Branches that are 2-3 years old, 65,438+0.5-3.0 cm thick, obliquely facing the sun or growing horizontally are selected from mature trees with vigorous tree vigor and excellent fruit quality. Branches can be twined all year round in South China, but March-May is suitable. At the distance of 0/5 cm from the branch/kloc-,the smooth and straight surface of epidermis was cut with two knives, and the incision was about 3 ~ 6cm apart, reaching the xylem. Peel off the cortex between the two incisions, polish the cambium attached to the xylem with hemp fiber, and expose it for about 7 days to dry the remaining cambium cells.
Coconut bran is the most ideal substrate for rooting, and fermented sawdust, mixed forest humus soil, dried cow dung and a small amount of calcium superphosphate can also be used as substrates. Wet the substrate with water. Coconut bran and sawdust can agglomerate without adding water, and it is advisable to fall loosely. Excessive wetting is not conducive to hair roots. Before wrapping the rooting substrate, applying 500 mg/ml NAA or IBA between the peeled phloem and xylem is beneficial to early rooting and more rooting.
About 60 days after the completion of the ring branch, it can take root 2 ~ 3 times. Generally, the ring branches grow roots 2 ~ 3 times, and they can be cut off from the mother when they begin to age. Cut off shoots and excessive branches and leaves, keep 1 ~ 2 branches with good growth, cut off leaves, carefully unwrap the film, keep the root ball intact, and put it in a nutrition bag to promote the entry of root heel. After burying the root ball, the depth of the heel should be 2 ~ 3 cm. After planting, water the roots to keep the soil moist, but not too wet to prevent the roots from rotting. The seedbed should be shaded before the initial stage 15 days, and too many new buds should be cut off in time after germination to improve the survival rate.
After the heel enters, the first batch of new buds germinate, and the yolk seedlings can be fertilized, mainly by mixing decomposed human and animal feces and urine with water, with the application concentration of 3% ~ 5%, and sprouting once 1 ~ 2 times. Pay attention to drought and flood to ensure harvest. Every time a new shoot is pulled out 3 ~ 5 cm, it should be sprayed in time to protect the growth of the tender shoot. Prune when the seedlings grow to 20 ~ 30 cm high to cultivate strong main branches. Egg-yolk ring-branch seedlings require mature branches, thick branches, neat leaves, dark green leaves, full bud eyes and no pests and diseases, which can be used for potted plants.
Egg yolk is suitable for long-term consumption. In areas where there is no freezing injury in winter or indoor wintering, it can be planted in autumn and grow vigorously in the following spring. It is safer to branch to the basin in winter and spring in cold areas. In rainy areas in summer, potted plants can be eaten after the spring shoots stop growing and before the summer shoots grow.
The root system of potted egg yolk fruit requires high water, nutrients and permeability, so we should choose slightly acidic nutrient soil with ventilation, water permeability, fertilizer retention and strong water retention. 65,438+0 parts of perlite and humus soil can be mixed, or 65,438+0/3 of sandy loam, dry cow dung and vermiculite can be mixed with slag, and peanut bran (65,438+0 kg per 65,438+0 m3) and urea (0.565,438+0 per 65,438+0 m3) can be added. Or loam 1/2 is added with vermiculite, moss and decomposed sawdust 1/2, and plant ash 1 kg and 50 g of urea are added per 1 m3 for mixing. In Guangdong, people used to choose rich and sticky pond sludge to dry and break it into mud particles as big as fingers as farming soil.
After the pot is served, water it in sunny days. 7 ~ 10 days after planting, when the newly planted seedlings have new roots, 5% decomposed cake fertilizer or other dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied. Potted plants should be placed in a well-ventilated and sunny place. Planting density should be wider to facilitate management, and the spacing should be adjusted with the growth of plants.
In order to reduce the evaporation of water in the basin and the temperature of the place, it is advisable to cover the open space between the basins with dry straw, which is also beneficial to prevent the growth of weeds. Avoid placing potted plants on the concrete floor, otherwise it is not conducive to the growth of potted plants. However, in order to prevent the roots of potted egg yolk from growing to the ground through the water outlet hole at the bottom of the basin, materials such as bricks should be placed under the basin to prevent the roots from falling off (bricks can absorb water and keep the bottom of the basin moist).
If the egg yolk fruit is potted in the urban area, the potted plant should be placed where sunlight and dew can reach, and the potted plant placed on the balcony should move the direction of the pot appropriately every once in a while (about 1 month). The concrete floor of the balcony of the building and the family courtyard is relatively dry, and the water in the basin is quickly lost due to the sun exposure, so it is necessary to replenish more water. It is best to sprinkle water on the balcony or lay bricks or sand under the basin to create a relatively humid and cool growth environment.
Third, pot culture technology
1, fertilization
(1) young tree fertilization management: after seedling planting 1 month, according to the principle of frequent application and thin application, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied every month 1 time, with the ratio of 2_ 1 and the application concentration of 0. 1%. From September to February of the following year, the fertilizer was applied 1 time every month, and urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were applied once each according to the ratio of 3∶2, and the application concentration was 0.3%. In the third year, most young trees began to blossom and bear fruit. At this time, flowers should be picked, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be increased, and the vegetative growth of young trees should be promoted. In the first nine months of the third year, urea and potassium fertilizer were applied 1 time every month, with a ratio of 3∶ 1 and an application concentration of 0.3%. From September to February of the following year, fertilizer was applied every two months 1 time, urea and potassium fertilizer were applied every time, the ratio was 5∶2, and the application concentration was 0.3%. The ring-branch seedlings of yolk fruit began to bear fruit in the third year after entering the pot, which had certain ornamental effect, but the fruit was less. After the fourth year of the last pot, the tree is full, bears more fruits and has better ornamental effect.
(2) Fertilization management of fruiting trees: apply flower-promoting fertilizer before the first flowering and at the end of March, apply decomposed manure to each pot, and apply potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and boric acid after 7 days, with the ratio of 100: 50: 5 and the application concentration of 0. 1%. At the beginning of July, strong fruit fertilizer, decomposed cake fertilizer or decomposed human excrement and urine were applied, and the concentration was generally 5%. After 7 days, urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate were applied at the ratio of 2∶3∶2, and the application concentration was 0.3%. Egg-yolk fruit bears fruit every year, but the early days and mid-February of 10 are the peak periods of fruit ripening, and the most fruits are in mid-February. In addition, foliar fertilizer should be combined with foliar spraying, with urea (0.3% ~ 0.5%), calcium superphosphate (0. 1% ~ 0.3%), plant ash (1.0% ~ 5.0%) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0./kloc-0).
2. Water supply system
Water supply is very important for potted egg yolk fruit. The watering time is usually before 10: 00 am or after 16: 00 pm; Winter or early spring should be carried out when the temperature is high in the afternoon, so as to avoid drastic changes in soil temperature and affect plant growth and development. In hot summer, basin trees lose more water due to rapid transpiration, so it is necessary to keep the basin soil moist. To this end, the basin should be kept along the mouth, and the amount of watering should be based on the fact that the basin surface is all wet to the basin bottom, so as to prevent half watering.
In order to keep the basin soil moist, we can cover the surface of the cultivated soil with hay or waste shading net, but we should always uncover and check it to keep the basin soil moist. When the soil surface is slightly dry, we should water it, but don't wait until it is dry.
In autumn, when the air is dry, simple hanging bottles can be used for water supply, and drip irrigation can best meet the water demand of potted plants. In dry season, water should be sprayed on leaves and ground to improve air humidity.
It is difficult to get natural rain and dew when potted on the balcony, so it is very important to spray water on leaves artificially, especially in dry season and hot summer, spraying water on branches and leaves every morning and afternoon can reduce the temperature of trees and promote growth and development. If alkaline water is poured for a long time, even if the original pH of the cultivated soil is suitable, the cultivated soil in the basin will be alkalized.
Ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate is often used to correct potted fruit trees at home. Salt substances in hard water often cause brown spots on the leaves of fruit trees, which affects the appreciation, so it is best to use soft water for potted plants. Rainwater, river water and lake water are more suitable for potted plants, but most nurseries or families use well water and tap water, so well water or tap water should be put in a pool or water tank for a period of time before use.
Water should be properly controlled before flowering to promote flower bud differentiation, water supply should be guaranteed during strong fruit period, and water should be controlled after fruit is ripe to prevent fruit cracking.
3, flower protection and fruit protection
(1) chemical fruit protection: during the period from flowering to physiological fruit drop, some measures can be taken to protect flowers and fruits to improve the fruit setting rate. Generally, 25 mg/L gibberellin and 0.5% urea are sprayed at flowering stage to improve the gibberellin level of trees; Spraying 2,4-D25mg/L and adding 0.5% urea during physiological fruit drop. A small amount of washing powder can be added to the spray solution as a spreading agent, and it is advisable to spray the leaves evenly without dripping water, which has obvious effects of protecting flowers and fruits.
(2) Bagging for fruit protection: Bagging should be carried out after physiological fruit dropping. Before bagging, drugs should be sprayed to prevent pests and diseases, and bagging should be carried out on the same day to prevent fruit from re-infection. Bagging materials can be kraft paper and old newspapers, and it is best to treat them with pesticides and fungicides before use. When bagging, put the fruit or the whole ear on and tie the bag mouth tightly. In order to facilitate the coloring of the peel, the bag should be removed 20 days before ripening.
4, plastic pruning
Egg yolk fruit has strong germination ability, so young trees should pay attention to shaping and pruning, rationally distribute branches and cultivate good crown. After fruit picking, close branches, pest branches, shade branches and cluster branches should be cut off in time to maintain a good tree structure.
5, pest control
There are few diseases and insect pests of egg yolk. For a few scale insects, 5% mineral oil emulsion or 5 Baume sulfur mixture can be sprayed when the branches sprout, and 40% 100 ~ 500 times solution can be sprayed during the growth period to kill them quickly. For soot disease, 400 times sterile Dan or 0. 1: 1: 100 bordeaux solution can be sprayed to prevent and control it. If termites are harmful, 48% robam1000 ~1500 times liquid spray can be used for control.