Summary: Hazelnuts are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can help improve memory, judgment, and improve the optic nerve. It has a great brain-building effect on computer users and mental workers. The recommended amount of hazelnuts is about 20 hazelnuts each time. People with severe liver function should eat with caution.
Turkish hazelnuts are the best. Search for "Turkish Hazelnut" on Amazon and the one you just found is 3 pounds and costs $24.99.
Hazelnut, also known as mountain chestnut, sharp chestnut or hazelnut, is the seed of hazelnut in the Betula family. It is one of the four major dried fruits (walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts, cashews) in the world, and is known as the "nut of nuts". King" reputation.
Hazel is a deciduous shrub or small tree in the Betulaceae family, about 1 to 7 meters high. Latin name: Corylusheterophylla Fisch.
In the plant kingdom, Angiospermae, Dicotyledoneae, Archichlamydeae, Fagales, Betulaceae, Coryleae, Corylus.
Hazelnuts are widely distributed, and hazel trees are found in the temperate zones of Asia, Europe and North America. Turkey is the world's main producer of hazelnuts. Its hazelnut production accounts for two-thirds of the world's total hazelnut production. Hazelnut products bring up to 12% of the country's foreign trade sales. The main producing countries of hazelnuts are Spain, Italy and the United States. Hazelnuts have a long history of planting in my country. Currently, Corylus plants are distributed in 22 regions across the country and are rich in resources. Especially in Northeast China, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shandong and Henan, there are large areas of hazelnut forests.
There are about 20 species of Corylus tree species in the world, and 9 species have been confirmed by academic circles, namely European Corylus (C.Avellana), American Hazelnut (C.America), and Turkish Hazelnut (C.Colurna). . There are 9 kinds and 7 varieties of hazelnuts native to China, namely Sichuan hazelnut, Yunnan hazelnut, Hua hazelnut, Wuling hazelnut, Weixi hazelnut, flat hazelnut, spiny hazelnut, hairy hazelnut, and velvety bract hazelnut; Hazel varieties include short-bracted hazelnuts, glandular hairy hazelnuts, bell-bracted hazelnut varieties, bell-bracted hazelnut varieties, long-bracted hazelnut varieties, long-bracted hazelnut varieties, and broad-bracted hazelnut varieties. Introduced species include European hazelnut, pointed hazelnut, and large-fruited hazelnut, and a new interspecific hybrid—Pingou hybrid hazelnut—has been bred. The origin of European hazelnuts is the Mediterranean coast of Europe, Central Asia and West Asia in Asia. Countries with relatively developed economies include Turkey, Spain, Italy, the United States, Greece, Iran and the former Soviet Union.
Hazelnut fruit has good taste and rich nutrition. Its kernel oil content is 47-68%, protein 23%, fat 56-65%, starch 6.6%, and also contains vitamins A, B, E and iron, Calcium and other mineral elements.
The nutritional content of hazelnuts is 2 times that of bread and 1.5 times that of pork. It can be used in confectionery, medicine and spice manufacturing industries. Preparations extracted from hazelnuts have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and blood vessel dilation properties. Function, used to treat hypertension, atherosclerosis, liver and kidney diseases. Hazelnut oil is light yellow in color and is an excellent edible oil and industrial oil. Oil meal can be used as feed and fertilizer. The husk, fruit buds and leaves contain tannins, which can be used to make tannins. According to the latest report in 2000, the anti-cancer substance Paclitaxel (Taxol) was found in hazelnut leaves, bark and nuts. It is currently found only in Pacific yew trees. Hazelnuts are one of the important dried fruits in international trade. The hazel mushrooms growing under the hazelnut forests are mountain delicacies with great nutritional value. Collecting mountain delicacies and hazel mushrooms is a major source of wealth for people in mountainous areas.
Hazelnuts can be fried and eaten directly, or used to prepare pastries and candies. Cooking porridge with grains such as japonica rice can play a nutritionally complementary role. The appropriate amount of hazelnuts to eat each time is about 20 hazelnuts. People with severe liver function should eat with caution.
Although hazelnuts are rich in oil, they can lower blood pressure and blood lipids, protect eyesight, and delay aging. Its rich oil is also suitable for the fat-soluble vitamins in it to be absorbed by the body. It is a good choice for people who are weak, prone to hunger, and physically weak after illness. In addition, hazelnuts also contain an anti-cancer chemical component-paclitaxel, which is the active component of taxol and can treat breast cancer, ovarian cancer and other cancers. It is a valuable medical raw material.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that hazelnuts can nourish the spleen and stomach, replenish qi, improve eyesight, and are helpful for people with lung and kidney deficiencies such as nocturia and thirst. You can usually make soup, porridge, or stir-fry, but hazelnuts are warm in nature and easy to get angry, so don't eat too much.
The reason why hazelnuts are known as the "King of Nuts" is that in addition to being rich in fat, sugar and protein, they are also rich in carotene, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin E and Ca. The content of nutrients such as , Fe, and P is dominant among the four major nuts; it contains 8 kinds of amino acids needed by the human body, and its content is far higher than that of our beloved walnuts. Research results show that in addition to oil, hazelnuts also contain tocopherol, vitamin A, B vitamins (B1, B2, B6, niacin, folic acid), and vitamin C, as well as aspartic acid, arginine, and glutamic acid. , leucine, as well as K, Ca, Na, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and other minerals, the dietary fiber content is very rich. Among them, hazelnuts are rich in aspartic acid and arginine, which can enhance arginase activity and eliminate ammonia in the blood, thereby enhancing immunity and preventing cancer. A variety of organic acids and a variety of sugars were also identified. Among them, malic acid, arginine and sucrose play an important role in the taste and flavor characteristics of hazelnuts. "Kaibao Materia Medica" records: "Hazelnuts are sweet, flat, non-toxic, and have the effects of regulating the heart, appetizing, and improving eyesight." Therefore, hazelnuts are a natural functional food resource that integrates health care, nutrition, and diet therapy. .
Most of the oils rich in hazelnuts are unsaturated fatty acids, which can lower cholesterol and effectively prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The vitamin E content in hazelnuts is as high as 36%, which can delay aging and treat fat. It has the effect of hardening blood vessels and moisturizing the skin. The stick contains the anti-cancer chemical ingredient paclitaxel, which can treat ovarian cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, and can prolong the life of patients; the content of trace elements such as magnesium, calcium and potassium in the stick Very high, long-term consumption helps regulate blood pressure.
Filbert originated in Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast of Asia and the Mediterranean coast of Europe. Later, the cultivation of filbert gradually spread to other European countries. Filbert has a long history of cultivation and utilization, and has been cultivated on the Black Sea coast in northern Turkey and Italy for more than 1,000 years.
In the 19th century, hazelnuts moved towards horticultural cultivation. Due to continuous selection and breeding in the past century, many fine European hazelnut varieties were produced. Their asexually propagated offspring spread all over the world, and their cultivation scope far exceeded them. natural distribution area.
In the 1930s, the modern cultivation of hazelnuts emerged in Italy, Spain, Turkey, the United States and other major European hazelnut-producing countries. After development from the 1940s to the 1970s and from the 1980s to the 1990s, the current cultivation was formed. pattern.
At present, the world’s hazelnut cultivation area reaches 800,000 hectares, and the nut output is 830,000 tons. Turkey ranks first in both area and output with 77.5%, Italy ranks second with 9%, the United States ranks third with 3.5%, and Spain ranks fourth with 3%. The hazelnut production of these four countries accounts for the world's total. 93% of the total, other countries only accounted for 7%.
At present, the main hazelnut-producing countries have advanced cultivation technologies and have basically achieved improved varieties and intensive cultivation. Land preparation, soil management, spraying, fertilizing, irrigation, mowing, harvesting, post-harvest processing and other operations in the United States, Italy and Spain are all mechanized. The supply of tree nutrients is through nutritional diagnosis to achieve scientific fertilization, nut yield and quality. Greatly improved, production costs are greatly reduced, and cultivators obtain better benefits. Hazelnut cultivation has been steadily developed in Türkiye, Italy, the United States and other countries.
Hazelnuts are famous for their fine nuts and wide cultivation area. Many foreign countries attach great importance to the breeding and work of hazelnuts and have bred hundreds of cultivated varieties. Hazelnuts cultivated abroad are mainly excellent cultivated varieties of Corylus avella and C. Maxima and their hybrids. This kind of hazelnut has large fruit, good quality, high kernel yield, high kernel oil content, and high yield.
Many years of new hazelnut variety selection and cultivation trials have been conducted in the subtropical areas of the Black Sea coast of Azerbaijan, Georgia, and the Krasnodar region, as well as in Moldova, Ukraine, and the North Caucasus, and 47 varieties have been bred so far. For hazelnut varieties, the average weight of 100 nuts is 216.1g, the average nut kernel yield is 48.7%, the average hazelnut fat content is 65.5%, and the average yield per plant is 7.9g.
In terms of cultivation, Italian hazelnut orchards adopt dense planting and intensive management, with 1,245 to 2,000 plants planted per hectare (plant row spacing 2.5 × 3.5m). European hazelnuts have large nuts, high kernel yield, and high yields. Generally, they produce 1,500 hazelnuts per hectare. ~2250kg, up to 5500kg, which is about 2.5 to 9 times the yield of flat hazelnuts in my country.
Flat hazelnut and hairy hazelnut are native to my country and are widely distributed in Northeast my country and Inner Mongolia provinces and regions. They are also distributed in other provinces north of the Yangtze River in my country. Our people have a long history of eating hazelnuts. But so far, there is basically no artificial cultivation of flat hazelnuts and hairy hazelnuts. People only eat wild hazelnuts. Since hazel forests are usually used as firewood forests or as wasteland suitable for afforestation, hazel forest resources in northern my country have been greatly reduced since the 1960s. In some areas, hazel forests close to villages have become extinct or utilized Very low value. According to statistics, my country's existing wild hazel forest resources are nearly 2 million hectares, and the annual nut collection volume is about 30,000 tons.
The natural distribution of Corylus plants in my country is very wide and the resources are very rich. Corylus plants are known to be distributed in 22 provinces and regions. It reaches Huma County in Heilongjiang Province in the north, Anning County in Yunnan Province in the south, Nyalam in Tibet in the west, and Tumen in Jilin Province in the east. According to incomplete statistics in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, there are currently 1.67 million hectares of hazel forest, of which 95 % is flat hazelnut, with an annual output of 26,000 tons of fruit. Hazelnuts in my country have always been in a wild state. The nuts are small, the kernel yield rate is low, about 33%, and the commercial properties are poor. In terms of the utilization of hazelnuts, although hazelnut orchards have been established in some places, a large number of wild hazelnut forests are still used. Due to the lack of cultivation and management, the proportion of shriveled kernels, empty kernels, and wormy fruits has increased, and the yield and quality have been obvious. Before 1980, my country exported some hazelnuts every year. In recent years, due to the decline in hazelnut quality, there has been no export. On the contrary, more and more large-fruited European hazelnuts from abroad are flooding into the Chinese market, causing my country's hazelnut production to face severe challenges.
Filbert was introduced to my country at the beginning of the last century and was used as a garden plant by missionaries at that time. In 1948, my country began to introduce filbert to Lushan Botanical Garden, Beijing Botanical Garden, Nanjing Forestry University, and Shaanxi Provincial Forestry Scientific Research They have successively introduced filberts and preserved them in botanical gardens. From 1970 to 2000, the Liaoning Provincial Economic Forestry Research Institute began to carry out large-scale research work on the introduction, selection, domestication and breeding of European hazelnuts for the purpose of production and application. From 1972 to 1975, Xu Wanying and others began to introduce them from Italy, Bulgaria, and Albania. Seeds of 10 varieties of filberts were sown to obtain seedlings. A filbert introduction garden was established in Dalian. Since filberts cannot survive the winter in the open field in the Dalian area, after seed selection and asexual propagation, some strains were moved south from 1985 to 1990. We conducted cultivation trials in Tai'an, Shandong, Lu'an, Anhui, and Yichang, Hubei, and achieved initial success in selecting three new European filbert varieties. From 1996 to 2000, the institute introduced 37 fine European filbert varieties (strains) from Italy, the United States and other countries, and established introduction test gardens in Hebei Province and Shandong Province. At present, the research on the utilization of filbert introduced into my country is basically at a standstill.
Research on interspecific hybrid breeding of hazelnuts in my country began in 1980. In 1999, Liaoning Provincial Economic Forestry Research Institute bred five new interspecific hybrid varieties of hazelnuts. The new Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut varieties include Ping'an and European The advantages of hazelnut parents include large nuts, high yield, and strong adaptability. The comprehensive traits such as high yield and adaptability are significantly better than those of hazelnut and filbert. The selection of new varieties provides variety resources and technical guarantee for the intensive production of my country's hazelnut industry. After 2000, artificial cultivation of hybrid hazelnuts appeared in Liaoning and has become increasingly popular.
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