Liu Guan, who is opposite to the chieftain, is appointed by the central government to serve in the local area for a certain term. When his term expires, he will be transferred to another place.

The toast system, in popular terms, is to choose local officials to manage local affairs. It is easy to cause local officials to be big, and floating officials cannot cultivate power in the local area. .

During the Yongle period, after the rebellion of the southwest chieftain was suppressed, Ming Chengzu began to "change the soil and return to the current", abolish the chieftain system and promote the official system. During the reign of Kangxi, after three transgressions and five rebellions were put down, obstacles were removed and favorable conditions were provided for land conversion, and land conversion was really carried out on a large scale.

Although the names of "six customs" and "Tuguan" are different, they are both ruling classes, with the same rotten tastes. Many vulgar rules of "local officials" are still being implemented by "floating officials".