Ancestor of the chicken Jungle fowl Jungle fowl Alias ??Camellia chicken, red jungle fowl Scientific name Gallus gallus English name red jungle fowl Pheasantidae Phasianida Distribution Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan National second-level protected animal The body size is similar to that of domestic chicken. The total length of the male bird is about 65 cm, and the female bird is about 43 cm. The upper body of the male bird is golden, orange or orange-red with metallic luster, and has brown feather stripes. The face is bare skin, the crown and wattles are red, large and conspicuous. The flight feathers are brownish black with chestnut outer edges. The tail feathers are black with a metallic green luster. The two central tail feathers are the longest and droop like a sickle. The lower body is brownish black. Feet blue-grey. The upper body of the female bird is mostly dark brown, the upper back is yellow with black stripes, and the breast is brown, which gradually turns to brownish gray at the back. It inhabits tropical forests and secondary bamboo forests below 1,000 meters above sea level, living in clusters. It feeds on plant fruits, seeds, young bamboos, leaves, and various wild flower petals. It also eats termites, termite eggs, worms, young moths, etc. They breed from February to May. They usually build nests on the ground next to tree roots, with a layer of dead leaves and a few feathers spread in a shallow depression. Eggs are laid 1-2 times a year, with 4-8 eggs per clutch, up to 12 eggs, light brown and white. The incubation period is 18-21 days. Jungle fowl is the original ancestor of domestic chicken. The crow of the male jungle fowl is like "two camellias", so the jungle fowl is commonly called "camellia chicken" in Yunnan. Summary of new progress in the study of the origin of domestic chickens in the world: The ancestor of chickens, Gallrs gallrs (Linndeus), is also known as the exploration chicken, and Darwin called it the red grove chicken. In taxonomy, it belongs to the order Galliformes, Phasianidae Phdsianidae, Gallrs. It originated from the galliformes and pheasants in my country, and gradually evolved into jungle fowl in the subtropical and tropical climate environment and rich food. Its evolutionary center was in South my country and Indochina, and spread to the East Asia. After being domesticated into domestic chickens, they were then distributed around the world. In the mid-19th century, it was believed that the ancestral evolutionary center of chickens was in Central India. Therefore, some scholars believe that China's jungle chickens were introduced from Central India, and the argument that domestic chickens were introduced from India is not consistent with the facts. There are 5 known subspecies of jungle fowl: Lingnan, Hainan, Yunnan, Malayan, and Sumatran subspecies. Keywords: jungle fowl, Asian realm, birthplace, Europe and America, Cockins Cochin chicken. Introduction Among the livestock and poultry that provide meat for humans today, the ones that grow rapidly, have a predictable cycle, consume less feed, and are spread all over the world are chicken farming. It has been more than 140 years since Darwin and Wallace published "The Origin of Species" in the mid-19th century and talked about the origin and domestication of jungle fowls. However, few people have mentioned the origin, distribution, domestication and spread of domestic chickens. Since the 1980s, the chicken industry in China and Europe and the United States has developed rapidly. Europe and the United States and other countries have successively developed standard chicken varieties: some people in China have used their standard chickens as examples, but they lack the source of the breed and its history, and they seem to have no origin. water, losing the direction of development. This makes it necessary to re-study the origin and spread history of chicken in order to return to the track of high-quality chicken in the Oriental world. 1. A new study on the origin of wild jungle fowl in the Orient. From December 1831 to October 1836, Darwin took a British warship to inspect Africa, South America, and Australia, which lasted five years and circled the earth once. Collecting soil minerals, earth atmosphere and animal and plant resources there, no wild jungle fowl was found. In 1854, Wallace visited Southeast Asia and other places in the Oriental Border. In 1858, he and Darwin published "The Origin of Species", which proposed that jungle fowl originated in Central India and were distributed to Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, the Philippines, Siam, Vietnam and China. Hainan Island, etc. Since then, some people have called Darwin the "Father of Biology". To this day, no one in the West or pro-Western scholars has raised any objection to Darwin's theory of the origin and distribution of jungle fowl. After the founding of New China, some people in our country had doubts about Darwinism, but they were unable to provide any basis for questioning. During our on-the-spot investigation in 1988, we discovered wild species in two mountainous areas 150 and 300 kilometers north of Guangzhou on the Tropic of Cancer. The Department of Biology of Sun Yat-sen University identified and named them Lingnan subspecies. We then visited southwestern Yunnan Province and collaborated with Yunnan Agricultural University. The one discovered by Xie Pu was named the southern Yunnan subspecies, and the one discovered in eastern Yunnan and Beibu Gulf was named the Hainan subspecies. So far, three subspecies of jungle fowl have been found in China. The author visited the Malaysian subspecies in April 1996 and collected pictures of the Sumatran subspecies.

After several years, *** collected the facts and pictures of five subspecies of jungle fowl, all in the center of the Oriental world, and three subspecies in China, close to both sides of the Tropic of Cancer. According to the evolutionary laws of vertebrates, each population has a center where it can fully evolve and reproduce, and then expands to the surrounding areas. All traces of jungle fowl have been found in the Oriental realm, where the geographical environment (temperature, humidity, food, enemies, etc.) is most suitable, which is the center of its evolution and reproduction. Three jungle fowl subspecies have been found in my country, all on both sides of the Tropic of Cancer in the Oriental boundary, starting from the lower reaches of the Pearl River in the east to the Salween River in the west. In ancient times, this may have started from the Han River in the east to the middle and lower reaches of the Ganges River in the west. It was an area where wild rice flourished. There were also many insects (locusts, soil bugs, ants, etc.) in the shallow soil underground, and the beaks and beaks adapted to their foraging organs were Claw physiological function, this line is the intersection of long day and short day, high temperature and low temperature. This is the pheasant, which evolved into the jungle fowl with a high constant temperature of 41 degrees Celsius. The Tropic of Cancer in the Oriental boundary stretches from the mouth of the Han River in Guangdong in the east to the mouth of the Ganges River in India in the west (including China's Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, southern Yunnan, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and eastern India). It is the evolution of wild jungle fowl. The center of evolution is the birthplace of the jungle fowl. It is a resident bird that flies at short distances and can spread to all parts of the East. There have been no reports of wild jungle fowl in other areas. In order to further confirm the birthplace of jungle fowl and the reliability of the award, the distribution of other birds of the order Galliformes was also discussed: Slender-billed grouse and ptarmigan are distributed on both sides of the Heilongjiang and Ussuri Rivers in China; snow chickens are distributed in northeastern Xinjiang, China and western Mongolia; ring-necked pheasants are distributed in Northeast China, North China, and Central China; quails are distributed in South China in winter and migrate north to North China in spring to breed; brown-eared pheasants (also known as black pheasants) are distributed in northern and northwest Hebei, China ; Tibetan-eared pheasant (white-eared pheasant) is distributed in China's Tibet, Qinghai, northwest Sichuan, and northern Yunnan; golden pheasant has red-bellied and yellow-bellied golden pheasants, which are distributed along the line from Gansu to Guangxi, China. The jungle fowl is distributed in Southeast Asia. The black-tailed junglefowl is distributed in Sri Lanka; the gray-striped junglefowl is distributed in western and southern India; and the green-collared junglefowl is limited to Java, Indonesia. Their feather color is obviously different from that of domestic chickens, their calls are also very special, and they are difficult to raise and breed. Moreover, their distribution areas, as seen now, are all far away from the places where human culture was enlightened, so Biologists agree that they are not the ancestors of domestic chickens.