The Republic of Armenia (Armenia:), referred to as Armenia [3] for short, is a small mountain country in Asia at the junction of Europe and Asia and in the Caucasus, and it is also one of many independent republics after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, with Yerevan as its capital. Armenians account for 93.3%, others are Russians, Kurds, Ukrainians, Assyrians, Greeks, etc. 1992 Armenia establishes diplomatic relations with China at ambassadorial level. After the independence of Asia, due to the interruption of economic ties with the countries of the former Soviet Union, it was blocked by Azerbaijan and Turkey after the Naka War, and then began to improve. However, due to the lack of resources and funds, the national economy remained weak. In February 2002, China joined the World Trade Organization. [ 1]

Geographic location folding edit this paragraph

Position folding

The territory is located between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, bordering Turkey in the west, Georgia in the north, Azerbaijan in the east and Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic of Iran and Azerbaijan in the south.

Topographic fold

Located in the northeast of the Armenian plateau, it is mountainous, and 90% of the country is above 1000 meters above sea level. There is a small Caucasus Mountains in the north, and the highest point in the territory is Mount Alagh in the northwest highlands, with an altitude of 4,090 meters. There is a Sefan depression in the east, and the Sefan Lake in the depression covers an area of 1.360 square kilometers, making it the largest lake in Armenia. The main river is the Araques River. Ararat Plain in the southwest is divided into two parts by the Araques River, with Armenian in the north and Turkish and Iranian in the south.

Natural climate folding edit this paragraph

The climate changes with the terrain, from a dry subtropical climate to a cold climate. Located in the north of subtropical zone, the inland climate is dry and belongs to subtropical alpine climate. 65438+ 10 monthly average temperature-2 ~12℃; The average temperature in July is 24 ~ 26℃.

Fold the tourist attractions and edit this paragraph.

Gegard Monastery and Upper Azat Valley Fold.

In 2000, Gegard Monastery and Upper Azat Valley were listed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO. Gegard Monastery, with its famous rock-drilling church and mausoleum, is a well-preserved example of Armenian medieval monastery architecture and decorative art, and many innovative designs have a far-reaching impact on the later architectural development in this area.

Gegard Monastery contains many churches and mausoleums, most of which were built by drilling holes. These medieval buildings, located at the entrance of Upper Azat Valley and surrounded by steep mountain walls, are the ultimate expression of Armenian medieval architecture. Gegard Monastery has extraordinary cave churches and tombs, which is the best and most complete representative of the overall architecture and decorative arts of Armenian monasteries in the Middle Ages. Its eclectic and innovative architectural style has had a far-reaching impact on the architectural forms in this area. Gegard Monastery has several churches and princes' tombs, most of which are built in caves, which is the peak of the development of Armenian architecture in the Middle Ages.

Yerevan Blue Mosque Folding

Yerevan Blue Mosque is also known as Geko? Gami (g？ K Islamic Cathedral) Mosque, located in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, opposite the indoor market in Marcheteau. This is the largest mosque in Yerevan and the only mosque in Armenia reserved for Muslims. His name is Geko? Gami (g？ King of Islamic Cathedral means blue mosque in Turkish.

Yerevan folding

Yerevan, meaning "the country of Yili tribe" and Furusawa "Yerevan", is the capital, economic and cultural center of Armenia and one of the world-famous ancient cities. It is located on the bank of Razdan River, on the hillside, with beautiful surrounding scenery. [2]

Yerevan is an important cultural center of Armenia, with universities and other higher education institutions. The Academy of Sciences was established in, and the folk art museum has archives, theaters and history museums, as well as Matanadaran literature manuscript exhibition hall, which is a national gallery with10,000 oil paintings, including10,000 ancient Armenian documents and nearly/kloc-0. Many manuscripts are written directly on the processed sheepskin.

Travel guide folding edit this paragraph

Gourmet folding

Armenians are mainly pasta, and milk and bread are necessities of life. Due to the unique geographical environment of mountains and grasslands, Armenians have convenient conditions for raising sheep, so their residents love mutton very much and are good at cooking all kinds of dishes with mutton, among which mutton skewers are their specialty and delicious food to welcome guests. Locals like to cook dishes with spinach, fruits, poultry and various spices, which are rich in flavor, sweet and sour. They have a special interest in "salt and pepper chicken", which has become a "national dish". When eating animal meat, the stew is very bad, and snacks like to be fried.

Traffic folding

There is no direct flight from China to Armenia, so we have to transfer in Russia (Moscow or St. Petersburg) or other European countries.

Most roads in Armenia are good, public transportation is slow but cheap, and China and Pakistan basically cover cities and villages. The transportation in Yerevan is mainly undertaken by CMB, and there are also subways, buses and trams. CMB is the fastest and most convenient.

Historical and cultural folding editing this paragraph

The history of Armenia can be traced back to 2,500 years ago. Historically, Armenia's traditional territory far exceeds today's territory, and its territory once included the vast areas of today's Caucasus and eastern Turkey. Later, under the constant invasion and oppression of foreign countries, Armenia's territory continued to shrink.

33 1 years ago, Alexander the Great defeated Darius Iii, a country founded by Persians, and Armenia became a part of Macedonian Empire from a Persian province. With the death of Alexander, the Macedonian Empire was divided into three parts, of which Armenia was ruled by the Seleucid Empire. 198 years ago, the Seleucid Empire was defeated by Rome, and Armenia also took the opportunity to split from it.

/kloc-in 0/90, Altas I established the Altas dynasty. In 95-65, under the leadership of Tigray II, Armenia became one of the most powerful countries in West Asia at that time. Its territory extends from today's Caspian Sea and Mediterranean Sea to Egypt. However, Armenia's glory did not last long. In the next thousand years, it was tossed and turned under the rule of many foreigners, but it did not really die out.

First of all, under the double blow of Roman Empire and Parthian Empire (known as Rest in China in ancient times), the Altas Dynasty perished around 1 year, and Armenia became a Roman protectorate shortly after it was briefly reduced to a Roman province. As for eastern Armenia, the Arshak Dynasty was established in 64, which became the protectorate of Parthia. In 224, the Sassanian dynasty destroyed Parthia; In order not to be assimilated by Persian Zoroastrianism, in 30 1 year, King Tiridadi III of Armenia made Christianity the state religion, making Armenia the first mono-religious country in the world. In 405, Armenian alphabet was invented. In 428 AD, the Arshak Dynasty fell. In the next 200 years, East Armenia was ruled by Persians. In 450 and 482, two popular uprisings against Persian rule broke out in East Armenia. Although it was a fiasco, it finally forced the Persian Empire to make concessions, and Armenia resumed its actual autonomous status and maintained its Christian faith. The commanders who launched two uprisings belonged to the well-known Armenian Mamikonyan family.

Persia was destroyed by Arabs in 680, Arabs invaded Armenia, and Arabs forced Armenians to convert to Islam, but failed. In 885, Asura I re-established the Armenian Bagratuni dynasty. Around AD 1000, Armenia was once again attacked by Seljuk Turkey and Byzantine Empire. 1064, Armenia was conquered by Byzantium, Bagradon Dynasty perished, and Armenian nobles were forced to move to Chirikia (also known as Little Armenia or West Armenia) on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea to establish Rubinian Dynasty. 107 1 year, Byzantine rule ended and Seljuk Turkey began to rule Armenia. 1220 years later, Armenia was ruled by Mongolia invaded by the west.

As for West Armenia, it maintains friendly relations with Mongolia, and is also friendly to the Crusaders and provides assistance. 1375, in order to completely stop the harassment of the Crusaders, the Arabs conquered the kingdom of West Armenia. 1393, the last king of western Armenia, Luccini's Leo VI Lucinian, died in Paris, which also represented the official end of the Roubini dynasty.

1454, shortly after Byzantium was conquered by Ottoman Turks, Armenia also lost its final sovereignty. 1828, eastern Armenia was bought back from Turkey by Russia, so many Armenians moved to eastern Armenia. From 19 15 to 19 18, the Ottoman Turkish government in World War I committed genocide against Armenians living in Ottoman-controlled areas of Turkey for fear of Armenian rebellion. Estimates of the death toll range from 150 to 150. In addition, thousands of Armenians were forced into exile.

1965438+On May 28th, 2008, Armenia became independent from Turkey, but the western part of Armenia was recaptured by Turkey. 1920165438+1On October 29th, Armenia established the Soviet regime, declared itself a Soviet state, and joined the Soviet Union in February. 1936, the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic was founded and officially became one of the Soviet republics.

In Soviet Armenia, a serious earthquake occurred on February 7, 1988+65438, which killed 25,000 Armenians and left 500,000 homeless. At that time, many western NGOs carried out large-scale fund-raising and disaster relief activities to help the residents in the disaster-stricken areas.

Armenia gained its independence from the Soviet Union on September 23rd, 199 1 and regained its status as an independent country. And immediately joined the CIS at 65438+February 2 1.

Political and economic folding editing this paragraph

Administrative division folding

The first-level administrative division is divided into 10 provinces (English: marz；; Armenian:) and a municipality directly under the central government-Yerevan.

Constitutional folding

1On July 5, 1995, Georgia held a referendum to adopt the Constitution. The Constitution stipulates that Asia shall adopt a presidential system, and the legislative, executive and judicial powers shall be separated. Pursue a multi-party system. The Constitution is divided into nine chapters: General Provisions, Basic Rights and Freedoms of Citizens and People, President, National Assembly, Government and Judiciary. On June 27th, 2005, 165438+ Asia held a referendum on the constitutional reform plan and passed it. The new constitution stipulates that the president's term of office is five years, and he may not be re-elected for more than two terms; The nomination of prime minister candidates submitted by the president to the parliament must be supported by the majority of the parliament; Further restrict the power of the president and improve the role of parliament in the country's political and economic life; The national judicial system is more independent; The mayor of the capital is elected and has independent budget power; Strengthen the protection of human rights, in addition, the new constitution gives local self-government institutions more power.

Military folding

Armenian National Army was founded in 1992, and 65438+1October 28th is the Asian Army Day.

According to the National Defense Law approved by the National Assembly in June 1997, the President is the supreme commander of the armed forces. The Ministry of National Defense is the state organ leading the armed forces, and the Minister of National Defense directly commands the armed forces.

The army implements a military service system that combines universal obligation with contract system. Soldiers serve for 2 years and are recruited in spring and autumn every year. Officers serve under contract. Sign a three-year contract when you join the army, and you can renew it when it expires, or you can retire freely. Those who have served for more than 20 years can enjoy benefits such as receiving pensions.

A total of 46,766 runners-up were organized into five infantry regiments. In addition, the Ministry of National Defense and the General Staff Department respectively manage several directly affiliated departments and units.

Diplomatic folding

Pursue an all-round foreign policy. Efforts should be made to consolidate the traditional strategic alliance with Russia, actively develop relations with the United States and western countries, participate in activities within the framework of NATO's "Partnership for Peace", strive to join the European Union, and seek security diversification.

Asia has no diplomatic relations with neighboring Azerbaijan and Turkey. Because of the conflict in Nagorny Karabakh, Azerbaijan is hostile and Turkey is a feud. Albania and Turkey imposed a political and economic blockade on Asia. Asia advocates solving the Nagorno-Karabakh dispute through political negotiations within the framework of the OSCE Minsk Group, expressing its willingness to establish diplomatic relations with Turkey without preconditions, calling on Turkey to open the border between the two countries, and demanding that Turkey recognize the "genocide" crime committed by the Ottoman Turkish Empire against the Asian people in 19 15- 1923.

Asia has actively strengthened its good-neighborly relations of friendship and cooperation with neighboring countries such as Georgia and Iran. Deepen ties with countries in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Actively participate in Council of Europe, CIS, Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization and other international and regional organizations. In 200 1 year, Yaya became a full member of Council of Europe and was elected as a member of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. After the "911"incident, it announced the opening of its airspace and supported the United States in its fight against international terrorism. Strengthen cooperation and dialogue with international organizations in Naka mediation. By the end of February 2008, Asia had established diplomatic relations with 153 countries.

Economic folding

After Armenia's independence, due to the interruption of economic ties with the countries of the former Soviet Union, Armenia was blocked by Azerbaijan and Turkey after the Naka War, and its economy declined all the way. It has increased since 2000. Joined the World Trade Organization from June 5 to February 38, 2002. In 2004, the economy grew rapidly, and the GDP increased by 10. 1%. In 2005, the privatization of enterprises was further promoted, and foreign investment was vigorously attracted, effectively maintaining the momentum of economic growth. In the first three quarters of 2005, the GDP was $3 1 billion, up 1.6% year-on-year.

Industry is the leading industry of national economy. There are non-ferrous metallurgy, chemistry and machinery manufacturing departments, and the food industry is also relatively developed.

Agriculture is second only to industry. The main cash crops are grapes and other fruits, and some wheat and potatoes are also planted.

Since the 1990s, the business service industry has been depressed. In recent years, driven by the overall economic recovery, the service industry has developed.

Armenia's tourism industry has developed rapidly. In 2004, the number of tourists reached 262,700, an increase of 27.5% over the previous year. Tourism revenue is 2 1 10,000 USD, accounting for 5.9% of GDP. The main tourist attractions are Yerevan, the capital, and Sevan Lake Nature Reserve.