Abstract: Children are in the developmental period of body and brain, and adequate and reasonable nutrition is particularly important for them. Nutrition comes from food, so as a professional dietitian, we must arrange children's daily diet reasonably to ensure their healthy growth. Based on the analysis of modern nutrition theory, the author thinks that children's daily diet can be done well from four aspects.

Keywords: children's nutritious and reasonable diet

Young children are a special group, whose particularity lies in that they are in the developmental period of body and brain, and adequate and reasonable nutrition is particularly important for them. All the nutrients the human body needs come from food, so it is necessary to arrange the children's daily diet reasonably. Nutrition refers to the whole process of food intake, digestion, absorption and utilization. According to modern nutrition theory, there are seven nutrients in food: carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins, inorganic salts, water and dietary fiber. These nutrients can meet the needs of the human body to maintain normal physiological functions and engage in labor, and provide various organ nutrients for the growth, development and repair of cells and tissues. In order to ensure the healthy growth of children, we must pay attention to diet and nutrition.

First, the nutrition mix is reasonable and balanced, and the varieties are diversified.

Nutrition is the most important factor to ensure children's growth and physical and mental health. No natural food can contain all the nutrients the human body needs. For example, the high nutritional value of an egg means that it contains high nutritional ingredients such as protein; Breast milk is an ideal food for babies, but it contains little iron. Refined powder is delicate and delicious, but it lacks vitamin B. It can be seen that only a reasonable combination of food can meet the human body's demand for various nutrients. Therefore, when arranging meals, we should reasonably match all kinds of foods based on the principle of multiple types and complete varieties. Such as cereal, meat, eggs, vegetables and bean products. Not only should we eat it every day, but the amount of various foods should be in a certain proportion in the diet to provide rich nutrition for young children. For example, according to the "Requirements of One-Day Meal Plan for Children Aged 3-6 in Kindergarten", the daily cereal, meat, eggs, vegetables and fruits must be 100g- 125g, 60g-70g and100g-0/25g respectively. Kindergartens must match meals according to the amount, and children should also eat according to the amount, but we should grasp the principle of "appropriate amount" so that "amount" can meet children's requirements for various nutrients, so as to ensure the normal development of children's bodies and play a role in balancing nutrition.

Second, according to the age characteristics of children, a reasonable diet.

Children aged 3-6 are in the critical period of physical growth and intellectual development, which is characterized by vigorous metabolism and increased material and energy needed for growth and life activities. Many parents only know to let their children eat more fish, meat, shrimp, vegetables and so on. But they often ignore the nutritious cereal. Children's insufficient grain intake can also cause nutritional imbalance. Because: 1. Cereals can provide more than 70% of calories and 50% of protein needed by human body. 2. Cereals are rich in B vitamins, among which vitamin B 1 can increase appetite, help digestion and promote children's growth and development; Vitamin B2 can prevent angular stomatitis, cheilitis and glossitis. 3. Grains can also provide certain plant protein, which plays an extremely important role in the growth and development of young children. 4. Grains are rich in minerals, mainly calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, copper, manganese and zinc. 5. The fat content in cereals is low, and most of them are unsaturated fatty acids, which are easy to absorb and ingest. 6. Cereals also contain a small amount of lecithin, which is an essential nutrient for human brain and can promote brain development. Therefore, when arranging children's meals, we should arrange three meals scientifically and reasonably, and pay attention to the collocation of various nutrients, so as to make coarse grains flour and rice collocation, vegetarian dishes collocation, sweet and salty collocation and lean collocation, and not repeat the main and non-staple food mode of two-point meals. As a professional chef, when arranging the menu, we should try our best to design carefully, match reasonably and pay equal attention to the main and non-staple foods. In the early days, according to the characteristics that children study more in the morning, have more activities and consume more physical strength, they mainly arrange some foods with high calories and protein. Add milk and biscuits or other grains early every day to make the nutrition complementary, which is beneficial to children's absorption of nutrition. The early heat accounts for more than 5% of the total heat in the whole day. Lunch is based on the principle of rich nutrition, full stomach and good food. Children eat a lot at noon, which is generally good. Besides, they should have activities in the afternoon. When arranging children's lunch recipes, the quantity should be sufficient and the quality should be high. When preparing lunch, pay attention to two dishes and one soup (one meat and one vegetable), pay equal attention to the main and non-staple foods, and arrange some fresh vegetables, cereals and animal foods according to the season. Lunch calories account for about 40% of the total calories in the whole day. When making lunch time, we mainly arrange fruits and cereals, and arrange 1 ~ 2 servings of light snacks every week. In order to supplement nutrition and promote digestion, calories account for 10% of the total calories in the whole day. In order to make children's bodies fully absorb nutrients, great efforts should also be made in the production, following the principle of "fine processing, fine production, matching thickness, and conforming to local eating habits". Chefs should carefully prepare foods of various shapes and colors (such as tomato sauce, corn, carrots, sausages, sorghum noodles, black sesame seeds, red dates, black rice, etc.). ) Follow the recipe, which will not only arouse children's interest, but also increase their appetite.

Three, regular nutrition calculation, scientific evaluation and analysis are the basis of rational distribution of diet.

Whether children's growth and development are normal or not is related to the quality and intake of various nutrients in the diet. If the diet is reasonable and the three meals are properly distributed, children can be physically strong, psychologically sound and physically and mentally healthy. Nutrition calculation is an essential basis for testing whether children's nutrition is balanced, whether food collocation is reasonable, evaluating the nutritional quality of meals, and adjusting and implementing nutrition improvement plans. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate nutrition regularly, which is the guarantee of rational distribution of dietary basis. Do "five quantities" and "four ratios" in dietary evaluation. "Five quantities": namely: 1. The intake of each food per person per day. 2. Eat eight kinds of food every day. 3. Per capita daily food intake. 4. Distribution of calorie food sources. 5. Distribution of protein sources. "Four ratio" is: 1. Percentage of daily intake of each nutrient in the supply. 2. The percentage of calories of three thermogenic nutrients in the total calories of a day. 3. The mass ratio of various protein. 4. Fat intake as a percentage of total fat intake. Through careful calculation and analysis, reasonable adjustment and improvement, the intake of nutrients in all major nutrients accounts for more than 90% of the total intake, thus meeting the needs of children for various nutrients per meal.

Fourth, conscientiously implement a reasonable diet system to ensure the normal growth and development of young children.

It is necessary to implement reasonable meal time and frequency to ensure children's normal physiological activities. Children's meals advocate timing, fixed-point and quantitative. Timing means that there is a certain time for eating, and there is a certain interval between meals. If the interval is too long, the gastrointestinal tract will be completely emptied, causing severe hunger and consuming nutrients in the tissue. If the interval is too short, the food in the child's gastrointestinal tract has not been digested and absorbed, and there is no appetite at all. Therefore, the interval between meals depends on how long the food stays in the stomach. Generally, mixed food stays in the stomach for about 3 to 4 hours, so the interval between meals should be 3 to 4 hours. Fixed point means that children should have a certain place and a fixed position when eating. For example, some children don't have a fixed point when eating, play while eating, and even have to be fed by adults. It is completely irregular, and it is difficult to form a normal life pattern. Children also lack a good appetite, which not only affects the intake of nutrition, but also is extremely unfavorable to children's development. Quantification should be carried out according to the formulated meal plan and the prescribed food intake. Therefore, when making the weekly diet, we should carefully analyze and timely adjust the children's diet next week according to the ration of children's daily diet, the supply of markets and seasons, the conclusion of nutrition analysis last week and the cooking situation of dishes, so as to make children's nutrition more reasonable and perfect.