Soil fertile, deep tillage layer, water retention, fertilizer, good aeration performance. pH value 6.5-7.5. Select high terrain, good drainage conditions, fertile sandy loam planting, too sticky soil, saline and alkaline land should not be planted.
Two, sowing the key to three, keep in mind keep in mind again keep in mind
1, the seedbed should choose a higher terrain, drainage is convenient, back to the sun, the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or soil in front of the house garden soil is appropriate bed width of about 1.2 meters, the length of the amount of seed according to the fine ground preparation, full of bed fertilizer. Before winter need to winter turn frozen soil about 30 cm, ripened soil. To a one-time application of sufficient fertilizer, generally in the pre-winter combined with the winter turnover of rotting organic fertilizer is good, to promote the development of the root system and the formation of tuberous roots.
2, timely sowing. mid-February choose sunny day sowing. Inverted planting method that taro seed top placed in the bottom of the soil, after sowing the film low arch cover, before the equinox uncovered film refining seedlings.
3, good "grafting fertilizer". 5-7 days before transplanting, applying thin fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer once (urea 3 kg / mu), as grafting fertilizer. When the taro seedlings have a leaf a heart or a small piece of leaflet, can be transplanted.
Three, transplanting skills: basic preparation and time is most important
1, pre-planting preparation. ① deep tilling, taro fields require deep plowing and freezing before the year, transplanting before fine tilling, lime disinfection, the use of single-row or double-row raised bed cultivation, open the waist ditch, around the ditch, to ensure that the ditch ditch connected. ② adequate basal fertilizer, basal fertilizer is generally spread before the ground 70%, and turned into the soil, leaving 30% in the planting as a cover seed fertilizer.
2, timely transplantation. Vernal equinox to the Qingming average daily temperature of 12 degrees or more can be transplanted planting, because the seedlings planted upside down, transplanting is still according to the head down, buds bending upwards upside down planting, hole spacing 40-45 cm, cover the seeds with fire ash.
Four, field management is a guarantee of high yield: water, fertilizer, plowing and weeding, stripping the leaves, in addition to taro can not be less
1, water management taro is afraid of waterlogging in the early stage, late afraid of drought. Pay attention to the early ditch leaching, before harvesting to drain the water. Specifically, that is, 4-7 months early, at noon when taro leaves wilt, should be irrigated "running water" outside, generally keep the soil moist. After the summer ditch should often keep about 15 cm deep water layer, in order to water does not flood the bed as a principle, keep the bed wet; in early to mid-August, should keep the compartment ditch shallow water is not dry, improve the taro field microclimate; after the frost, the leaves turn yellow, petiole drooping, bulb maturity, in the harvest about 15 days before the ditch to drain all the water.
2, fertilizer. Taro long reproductive period, fertilizer needs, in the application of sufficient fertilizer on the basis, to many times fertilizer, to ensure that the root system is developed, rapid leaf, strong growth. Fertilizer to organic fertilizer-based, chemical fertilizer as a supplement, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with. According to this law, the specific chase five times fertilizer, the first time in the taro seedlings transplanted after 4 leaves combined with plowing fertilization, to taro seedlings 5-6 leaves when the second chase fertilizer, the third time in the summer solstice, combined with soil congestion root and stem; the fourth time in the summer before and after the summer; the fifth time in the summer before, and to promote the underground ball rapid expansion. Each time the fertilizer should be applied in the taro root and stem 4-7 cm, not directly applied to the root and stem of taro, to avoid fertilizer damage. After the summer generally stop fertilizer, in order to accumulate nutrients. 10 months can start digging.
3, plow weeding soil. ① Plowing and weeding. Taro transplanted, the first generally should be plowed weed 1-2 times, shallow hoeing around the plant, deep hoeing between the rows, the late non-plowing. ② cultivate soil. Cultivate soil, also known as root and stem, generally three times, the first in mid-May, cultivate soil 6-7 cm, the second in mid- to late June, cultivate soil 10 cm or so; the third in the summer side, cultivate soil 15-20 cm. The first and second cultivation height, not more than the intersection of the lowest leaf intergrowth, the third cultivation can not damage the heart leaf, each cultivation combined with fertilization.
4, peeling the residual leaves, in addition to taro. ① Peeling residual leaves. Strip leaves favorable taro field ventilation and light, reduce nutrient consumption, promote bulb expansion. Generally cut leaves 3-5 times, each time only cut to have lost photosynthesis of the base of the yellow leaves. The second cut leaves in the summer side, taro leaves grow to more than 9 pieces when carried out, and then every 15-20 days to cut leaves. Cutting leaves should not be too much, so as not to affect the yield. ②Except taro fungus. Fungus taro to consume a lot of nutrients, in order to ensure that the seed taro enough under the front, must be eradicated part of the taro fungus, in order to ensure that the mother taro yield. Go to taro fungus is mainly to eradicate the taro fungus produced in the early stage. Specific method is: taro fungus out of the ground, with a bamboo or small shovel along the taro fungus near the straight insertion, cut off the taro fungus underground rhizome, easy to detach from the mother taro, and then the taro fungus gently draw out. Taro farmers drenching polyazole control taro seedling growth, reduce leaf area, thickening leaf flesh, thickening taro stalk, thus enhancing photosynthesis, improve taro resistance, quality and yield.
Five, high-yield to reject pests and diseases
Principle of prevention and control: prevention-oriented, integrated prevention and control, giving priority to the use of agricultural prevention and control, physical prevention and control, biological prevention and control, with the scientific and rational use of chemical prevention and control, to achieve the production of safe, high-quality pollution-free taro purpose. Can not be privately used in violation of national regulations of the drug, will cause harm to the environment.
1, agricultural control: ① Avoid continuous cropping. With grass crops to implement drought and water crop rotation. ② selection of disease-free taro seed. Strictly exclude rotten with pests before sowing taro seed. ③ timely clean taro field. Found that the diseased plants pulled out in time, cut off the remnants of the old leaves, clear out of the field. ④ winter clearing, eradication of weeds, remove the field of dead leaves, years ago, deep plowing and freezing, to reduce the source of pests and diseases in the soil.
2, plant control
Use pest repellency for control, use silver gray mulch, shade netting to repel aphids; hanging yellow sticky board or yellow machine oil board to trap aphids.
3, biological control
Do a good job of predicting and forecasting insect conditions, choose a good time to release the natural enemies of pests, create environmental conditions suitable for the survival of the natural enemies of the activities of the pesticides, choose the side-effects of small, to reduce the killing power of the natural enemies of the natural enemies of the protection of the natural enemies of the natural enemies of the control of pests and diseases, such as red-eyed wasps to control the oblique mosquito moths and other Lepidoptera pests.
Six, high-yield last look at the harvest
When the taro leaves yellowed and shriveled, the roots withered, that is, for the harvesting season. My county generally in the cold dew side began to harvest. Stay seed and storage of taro, should be harvested after the frost. Mother taro (commercial taro) and taro should be stored separately, using cellar or wet sand (loess) buried storage. If you use the field overwintering fresh storage method, be sure to set up insulation in the field to avoid freezing in winter, can be about 15 centimeters from the ground to cut off the taro plant above ground part of the taro root and stem on a layer of straw, and then covered with a layer of 15-centimeter-thick layer of soil, in order to prevent the rain, snow, heat preservation
Seven, the next high-yield look at the cleanup
Production process and the end of the harvest will be timely after the end of the agricultural inputs Waste, field residues a few leaves, weeds and mulch cleaned up, centralized harmless treatment, keep the field clean to reduce the source of disease and insects.