In the process of Siniperca chuatsi fish culture, it is very easy to confuse Siniperca chuatsi and Siniperca chuatsi with Siniperca chuatsi, and often Siniperca chuatsi is farmed as Siniperca chuatsi, which results in lower economic benefits for the farmers. The main differences between Siniperca chuatsi and Siniperca chuatsi are: the eyes of Siniperca chuatsi are larger, the posterior end of the upper jaw does not reach the posterior margin of the eye, the oblique brown stripe does not reach the end of the muzzle, and the two sides of the body do not have a wider brown stripe perpendicular to the body axis. The eyes of Siniperca chuatsi were smaller, the end of the upper jaw reached the posterior margin of the eye, the oblique brown stripe crossed the eye from the end of the muzzle to the anterior and inferior part of the dorsal fin base, and there was a wider brown stripe on both sides of the body perpendicular to the body axis.
2, ecological habits
(1) habits
Chiniperca chuatsi is a demersal fish, living in static water and a certain amount of flowing water in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, especially in shallow lakes with abundant aquatic plants. Generally lurking in the water during the day, night activities around the foraging, have a hole for nesting habits, do not like to live in groups, living in the appropriate water temperature of 15-32 ℃, in the water temperature of 7 ℃ or less when not much activity and feeding.
In pond culture, Mandarin fish often lie on the bottom of the water, hidden in shallow holes. Therefore, when catching Mandarin fish in a pond with a pull net, attention should be paid to pulling the first net and then pulling the second net after a period of time when the water is calm and the Mandarin fish are out of their nests, so as to increase the rate of catching in the pull net.
(2) Eating
Chiniperca chuatsi is a typical carnivorous and ferocious fish, feeding on small fishes and shrimps throughout its life. Freshly hatched Mandarin fish fry can prey on other fish fry. Mandarin fish with a body length of 0.7 cm can prey on other fish with a body length of 0.35 cm, and Mandarin fish with a body length of 31 cm can prey on crucian carp with a body length of 15 cm. Siniperca chuatsi has a large appetite, usually up to 10-15% of its own weight when fully fed. In the process of cultivating Mandarin fish, there is a certain selectivity in feeding bait fish, that is, bream are mainly used in the fry stage, crucian carp and pangolin are mainly used in the breed stage, and the easy-to-obtain and palatable small fish are mainly used in the adult stage, and basically, we use small crucian carp, small loach and pangolin as the bait fish of Mandarin fish.
(3)Growth
Chiniperca chuatsi grows slowly in rivers, in the Yangtze River Basin, it is determined that the average body length of 1-year-old fish is 17.5 centimeters, weighing 119 grams; the 2-year-old fish is 23.6 centimeters, 300 grams; the 3-year-old fish is 32.8 centimeters, 812 grams; the 4-year-old fish is 42.5 centimeters, 1526 grams. The growth rate is greatly accelerated under artificial culture conditions, and the Siniperca chuatsi fry of the current year can reach commercial specifications when cultured in ponds or nets, equivalent to the weight of 2-3-year-old Siniperca chuatsi fish naturally grown on large water surface. Under the same artificial rearing conditions, the fastest growth rate of Siniperca chuatsi is that of Warp-billed Siniperca chuatsi, followed by Big-eyed Siniperca chuatsi.
(4)Reproductive Habits
The reproductive season of Siniperca chuatsi is from mid-May to August every year, and June is the blooming period, with a suitable water temperature of 22-30℃. The eggs produced by Siniperca chuatsi are drifting eggs that can adhere to water plants. Males mature at the age of one winter and females mature at the age of two winters, belonging to the type of multiple spawning.