Liu An left a precious spiritual wealth for future generations —— Huai Nan Zi, a magnum opus called "the first-rate among Han Chinese writings" by Liang Qichao, a modern scholar.
Huainanzi, also known as Huainan Lie Hong or Lie Hong, was written by Liu An when he was the king of Huainan, which attracted thousands of guests. As the editor-in-chief, Liu An's Huai Nan Zi also reflects his own thoughts.
Huai Nan Zi has 2 internal books1chapter, 33 external books and 8 Chinese books. The whole book takes Taoist thought as the main axis and covers many fields such as politics, philosophy, ethics, history, literature, economics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geography, agricultural water conservancy and medical health preservation. It is a Taoist in Han Dynasty. However, there are only 2 1 pages left in Huainanzi.
Huainanzi has absorbed the ideological materials of Laozi and Zhuangzi, especially the Silk Book of Huang Lao, and has become a theoretical work that integrates Huang Lao's theories. It not only puts forward unique views on issues such as Tao, Heaven and Man, form and spirit, but also inherits the Qi theory in the Spring and Autumn Period and the essence of Huang Lao's learning in the middle of the Warring States Period. Huainanzi contains rich historical research value and spiritual wisdom.
Hot air balloon lift-off
Liu An was the first practitioner in the world who tried to take off a hot air balloon. He drained the eggs and burned them with moxa to get hot air, so that the eggshells floated.
The life of the characters is famous all over the world.
Liu An is the grandson of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang and the son of Huainan Wang Liu Chang. In the eighth year of Emperor Xiaowen (before 172), he was named Fuling Hou. In the sixteenth year of Emperor Xiaowen (164 BC), he was named King of Huainan.
In the third year of Emperor Xiaojing (before 154), dispatch troops, the kingdom of Wu, rebelled, and the envoy of Wu contacted Huainan, and Liu An wanted to send troops to respond. Huainan Guo Xiang said: "If your majesty wants to send troops to echo the king of Wu, I would like to be a general of the whole army." King Huainan handed over the army to him. After gaining the relieving power, Huainan Guo Xiang commanded the army to defend the rebels according to the city, and did not listen to Liu An's orders and served the court; The imperial court also sent Qu Cheng Hou Gujie to lead an army to rescue Huainan: Huainan was thus preserved.
Liu An likes reading the drums and playing the piano, arguing for good words, and doesn't like to swim and hunt. He pays great attention to comforting the people and enjoys a good reputation in the world. Thousands of people, including Su Fei, Li Shang, Zuo Wu, Chen You, Lei Bei, Mao Zhou, Wu Bei, Jin Chang, Dashan, Xiaoshan, etc., have invited guests to write Lie Hong (later called Huainan Lie Hong, also called Huainan Zi).
At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty loved literature and respected his father Liu An. Every time a letter is given, Sima Xiangru and other scribes are often called to read the draft before sending it. Liu An's new works when he entered the DPRK were often hidden by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was ordered to write Biography of Li Sao, and was summoned in the morning to present it during the solar eclipse. He also presented Ode to Virtue and Ode to the Capital of Chang 'an. Every time I meet at a banquet, I talk about politics and praise the skills, and I don't stop until dusk.
Have different ambitions
In the second year of Jianyuan (before 139), Liu An entered Beijing to appear before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Tian Fen, who was Qiu at that time, personally went to the bully to meet him because of his old friendship with Liu An. He also said to Liu An, "At present, your Majesty does not have a prince. Your Majesty is the grandson of Emperor Gao, and everyone in the world knows about his benevolence and righteousness. If one day the palace coach Yan drives the emperor to death, who will succeed him if it is not you! " Liu An was overjoyed and gave Tian Fen gold, silver and money. Liu An secretly made friends with guests, appeased the people and plotted rebellion.
In the sixth year of Jianyuan (before 135), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to crusade against Fujian and Vietnam, and Liu An wrote a letter to remonstrate, saying that fighting was harmful and useless, which was praised by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. However, he is looking for soldiers himself. This year, comets appeared, and Liu An felt strange. Someone persuaded Liu An-dao: "When Wu started to fight, comets appeared only a few feet long, but the war was still bleeding thousands of miles. Now that comets have grown to the sky, there should be a great war in the world. " Liu An thought that there was no prince in Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. If there were any changes in the world, the c's would compete for the throne together, so he stepped up the regulation of weapons and offensive equipment, and accumulated gold and money to bribe the chief, c's, lobbyists and people with wizards. You eloquent people make suggestions for Liu An, and they all make up absurd heresies at random, and flatter Liu An. Liu An was very happy in his heart and rewarded them with a lot of money, but his rebellion was even worse.
Liu An has a daughter named Liu Ling. Liu An asked her to spy on the inside story in Chang 'an and make friends with people close to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
In the third year of Yuanshuo (before 126), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave Liu An several cases of canes, allowing him not to appear before the court in Beijing. Liu An and Queen Tea gave birth to a son named Liu Qian, who was named the Prince of Huainan, and married the grandson of the Queen Mother and became your daughter as a princess. Liu An planned to make the instruments of rebellion, fearing that the Crown Princess would reveal secrets to the DPRK when she knew about it, so she moved with Liu to make him pretend that he didn't love the princess and wouldn't sleep with her for three months. So Liu An pretended to be angry with Liu Qian, locked him up, and let him live with the crown princess for three months, but Liu Qian never got close to her. When the Crown Princess asked to leave, Liu An apologized to the imperial court and sent her back to her family. Queen Tea, Prince Liu Qian and daughter Liu Ling are favored by Liu An, who specialize in state power, seize people's fields and houses, and arbitrarily arrest innocent people.
Plot to be exposed
In the fifth year of Yuan Shuo (before 124), Liu Qian learned to use swords, thinking that his swordsmanship was superb and unparalleled. I heard that Langzhonglei was skilled in sword, so I called him to compete. Ray was allowed again and again, and then Liu moved by mistake. Liu Qian was angry, and from then on, he spoke ill of Lei Bei in front of Liu An. Lei was afraid and expressed his willingness to attack the Xiongnu. In fact, he wanted to leave Huainan Kingdom and go to Chang 'an. Liu An listened to his son's words, but he was only the officer of Lei Bei.
In the fifth year of Yuanshuo (BC 124), Lei was secretly sent to Chang 'an to express his confession to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty handed his accusation to Tingwei and Henan County for investigation. He 'nan County wanted to arrest Liu Qian, but Liu An and the Queen Tea wanted to prevent Liu Qian from going to trial, and they planned to send troops to confront him. They were undecided and did not decide for more than ten days. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had a letter, he tried Liu Qian in Huainan, so he didn't have to go to Henan County. At this time, Huainan was very angry that Shouchun Xiancheng obeyed Liu Anzhi and didn't catch Liu Qian in time. He illegally committed the crime of "disrespect". Liu An interceded with Huainan, but Huainan wouldn't listen. Liu An sent a letter to Huainan, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty handed the matter over to Tingwei for investigation. Tracing back to Liu An, Liu An sent a detective to the imperial court, and the officials demanded that Liu An be arrested and investigated. Liu An worried that things would be exposed and planned to send troops to fight.
Liu Qian suggested not to be too hasty. He suggested: "If the imperial envoys come to arrest my father, my father can ask someone to stand in the courtyard wearing a guard's clothes and holding a halberd. If anything happens to my father, I will assassinate him. I will also send someone to stab Lieutenant Huainan, and it is not too late to start a war." At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty refused to approve the invitation of the minister or minister, but sent Yin Hong, the lieutenant of the DPRK, to Huainan to ask Huainan Wang to verify the case on the spot. When Liu An heard the news, the envoys came to China and immediately made preparations according to Liu Qian's plan. When the imperial lieutenant arrived, Liu An saw that he was gentle. He only asked himself the reason for dismissing Lei Bei, speculating that he would not be convicted, and there was no attack. The lieutenant also played the inquiry. The person in charge of handling the case among the ministers said: "Liu An, the king of Huainan, obstructed Lei from being attacked by the Xiongnu from the army and undermined the implementation of the imperial edict clearly issued by the Emperor of Heaven, and should be sentenced to death for abandoning the city." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decreed against it. Ministers or ministers requested the abolition of his throne, but Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty refused. The minister of ministers or ministers requested that the fiefs of five counties be cut off, and the imperial edict of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty cut off two counties.
The court sent Lieutenant Yin Hong to announce the pardon of Liu An's sins, and cut the land to show his punishment. The lieutenant entered Huainan and announced the pardon of Liu An. At first, Liu An heard that the ministers of the DPRK or the DPRK requested to kill themselves, but he didn't know how to get forgiveness and cut the land. He heard that the envoys of the court had left and were afraid of being arrested, so he and Liu Qian prepared to assassinate him according to the previous plan. When the lieutenant arrived, he immediately congratulated Liu Qian on his pardon, so Liu Qian did not have an uprising. Afterwards, he lamented himself and said, "It's a shame that I was cut off when I did a righteous thing." However, after Liu moved and cut the land, the plot to plan rebellion intensified. Your emissaries came from Chang 'an to create absurd and deceptive heresies. Anyone who claims that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has no children and that the Han family is not peaceful in the world will be pleased when he hears it. If the Han Dynasty was peaceful and Emperor Wudi had a son, the king of Huainan was angry and thought it was nonsense and unreliable.
Wu was admonished.
Liu An and Wu Bei, Zuo Wu, etc. looked at the map day and night, and arranged the route of marching. Liu An said: "Your Majesty does not have a prince. Once he dies, officials and ministers will definitely call up King Jiaodong, or else King Changshan and princes will compete for the throne. Can I be unprepared?" Besides, I am the grandson of Gao-zu, and I practice the way of benevolence and righteousness. Your majesty is kind to me, and I can stand his rule. After your majesty's eternal life, how can I serve my children in the north? "
Sitting in the East Palace, Liu An summoned Wu Bei to discuss with him and called him, "General, go to the temple." Wu Bei said unhappily, "Your Majesty has just pardoned the King. How can you say this again?"! I heard that Wu Zixu admonished the King of Wu, who didn't use his words, so Wu Zixu said,' I'm going to see elk wandering in and out on the Gusu stage'. Now I will see thorns all over the palace and dew wet my clothes. "
Liu An was furious and imprisoned Wu Bei's parents for three months. Then the king of Huainan called Wu and asked, "Does the general promise me?" Wu was answered, "No, I just came to plan for the king. I have heard that people with good hearing can hear movements when they are silent, and people with good eyesight can see signs before they are formed, so the wisest and most moral saints are always foolproof in doing things. Once upon a time, Zhou Wenwang led the Zhou clan eastward in order to destroy Shang Zhou, and it took a thousand generations to make the Zhou dynasty included in the "three generations" after Xia and Shang dynasties. This is the result of the so-called obedience to God's will, so people all over the world followed him in unison. This is a historical fact that can be seen thousands of years ago. As for the Qin Dynasty a hundred years ago and Wu Chu in modern times, it is enough to explain the truth of national survival. I dare not escape the bad luck of Wu Zixu's murder, and hope that the King will not repeat the mistake of the King of Wu not listening to the advice of loyalty. In the past, the Qin Dynasty abandoned the way of saints, entrapped Confucian scholars, burned Poems and Books, abandoned propriety and righteousness, advocated fraud and violence, and forced the people to transport seashore millet to Xihe by virtue of punishment. At that time, men struggled to farm but didn't have enough to eat, while women were poorly dressed in weaving. Qin Shihuang sent Meng Tian to build the Great Wall, which stretched for thousands of miles from east to west. There were often hundreds of thousands of soldiers who had been guarding the border for many years, and there were countless dead people. Zombies ran wild for thousands of miles, bleeding all over the hundred acres, and the people were exhausted. Five of the ten wanted to rebel. Emperor Qin also sent Xu Fu to the East China Sea to visit immortals and exotic foreign objects. When Xu Fu returned, he made up a lie and said,' When I saw the great god in the sea, he asked, "Are you the envoy of the Western Emperor?" I replied, "Yes." "What are you looking for?" The minister replied, "I hope to get a fairy medicine to prolong life." Poseidon said, "Your gifts from the King of Qin are very thin. You can watch the fairy medicine, but you can't take it." Immediately Poseidon went southeast to Penglai Mountain with his ministers, and saw a palace made of Ganoderma lucidum. An emissary had a bronze complexion and a dragon shape, and his brilliance shone on the sky. So the minister bowed down and asked, "What gift should I give?" Poseidon said: "Give good boys and girls and the skills of all kinds of workers, and you can get the fairy medicine." Qin Shihuang was overjoyed and sent 3,000 boys and girls to the East China Sea, and supplied Poseidon grain seeds and various craftsmen. On the way, Chui Fu found a vast Yuan Ye and Lake Ze, so he stayed there to stand on his own feet and never return to Korea. So the people grieved and missed their loved ones, and six of the ten families wanted to rebel. Qin Shihuang also sent Zhao Tuo, the commander of the South China Sea, across the Wuling Mountains to attack Baiyue. Knowing that the Central Plains was exhausted, Zhao Tuo stayed in South Vietnam to claim the title of king, and sent a letter asking the court to collect 30,000 women without husband's family to mend clothes for soldiers. Qin Shihuang agreed to give him fifteen thousand people. So the people's hearts are scattered like falling apart, and seven out of ten want to rebel. The guest said to Emperor Gao,' It's time.' Emperor Gao said,' Wait and see, when a saint rises in the southeast.' In less than a year, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang revolted. Since Emperor Gao's uprising in Pei County, Fengyi, there are countless people who have echoed the initiative all over the world. This is the so-called stepping into the gap to spy on the opportunity, and taking advantage of the peril of the Qin dynasty to raise things. People expect him, like a drought, for rain, so he can rise from the army and be made the son of heaven, and his achievements are higher than those of Xia Yu, Shang Tang and Zhou Wenwang, and his kindness is endless for later generations.
Now, the King sees how easy it is for the high emperor to win the world, but why can't he see the fall of modern Wu Chu? The prince of Wu was given the title of Liu's offering a drink, which was well respected, and he was granted permission not to appear before the court in Beijing as usual. He was in charge of the people in four counties, covering thousands of miles in Fiona Fang. He could smelt copper and cast coins himself in China, cook seawater and sell salt in the East, and build a big ship by picking Jiangling wood up the river. One ship was worth the capacity of dozens of cars in the Central Plains, and the country was rich and rich. The prince of Wu bribed princes, nobles and ministers of the DPRK with pearls, jade, gold and silks, but did not give them to the emperor. When the rebellion was planned, the prince of Wu sent his troops to the west. However, Wu Jun was conquered in the girder and defeated in the fox father, and the prince of Wu fled to the east and went to Dantu, where he was captured by the Vietnamese and died, making everyone laugh at him. Why can't Wu Chu have so many troops to achieve success? It is really a violation of heaven and ignorance of the times. Today, the King's strength is less than one-tenth of that of Wu Chu, but the peace in the world is ten thousand times better than that of Qin Shihuang's time. I hope the King will listen to the opinions of his liegeman. If the king doesn't listen to the minister's advice, he is bound to see the great things fail to speak, but he has already revealed the secret first. I was very sad when I heard that ji zi passed by the old capital of Yin Dynasty, so I wrote "Song of Mai Xiu", which is mourning that Zhou Wang did not listen to the advice of Prince Bigan and died. Therefore, "Mencius" said, "Zhou Wang was the son of heaven, but he was not as good as a civilian when he died". This is because Zhou Wang had already cut himself off from the rest of the world before his death, instead of being abandoned by people all over the world when he was dying. Now I also secretly mourn that if the king abandons the dignity of the vassal state, the court will give him a book of doom, so that the king will die in the East Palace first. "
So, Wu was depressed by the anger of resentment and sadness, and his eyes were full of tears. He immediately stood up and walked down the steps and left.
trouble arises within the family
Liu An has an illegitimate son, Liu Buhai, who is the oldest. Because he is not liked by Liu An, the Queen Tea does not take him as his son, and Liu Qian does not take him as his brother. Liu Bu-hai's son, Liu Jian, is just arrogant. He often complains that the prince looks down on his father, and he is dissatisfied because his father can't be sealed. Yin makes friends with outsiders and intends to bring down Prince Liu Qian and replace him with his father. Liu Qian learned that Liu Jian was arrested and tortured. Liu Jian became more and more resentful. He learned that Liu Qian had tried to murder Lieutenant Han, and in the sixth year of Yuan Shuo (BC 123), he sent his friends to write to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty solemnly, saying that Liu Jian, who was outstanding in talent, knew about the plot of Prince Huai Nan. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty handed the matter over to Ting Wei and Henan County for treatment. At this time, Emperor Biyang's grandson Shenqing intervened. Shenqing resented that Liu Chang, the king of Huainan, had killed his grandfather Shenshi, so he told his friendly prime minister Gongsun Hong about Huainan.
The Henan county government interrogated Liu Jian, who confessed Liu Qian and his cronies. Liu An was worried about the seriousness of the situation and wanted to rebel in dispatch troops. He was asked by Wu: "Is the world peaceful in the Han Dynasty?" Wu was answered: "The world is at peace." The king of Huainan was unhappy and said to Wu Bei, "On what basis do you say that the world is at peace?" Wu was answered: "My private observation of state affairs, the courtesy between monarch and minister, the love between father and son, the difference between husband and wife, and the order between the old and the young are all in line with the due principles. Your Majesty's administration follows the ancient way of governing the country, and there is no lack of customs and statutes. Businessmen full of goods travel around the world, and roads are everywhere, so trade is prevalent. South Vietnam surrendered, the Qiang people presented their products, the East Ou moved to the Han Dynasty, and the imperial court expanded the elm plug and opened up Shuofang County, which made the Huns lose their wings and aid. Although this is still not as good as the ancient peaceful years, it is considered that the world is stable. "
Huai nun Tzu was furious, and Wu was quickly accused of death. Liu Qian also said to Wu Bei, "If there is a war in the east of Lushan Mountain, the imperial court will send general Wei Qing to suppress it. What do you think of the general soldiers?" Wu was said: "My good friend Huang Yi, who followed the general to attack the Huns, came back and told me:' The general was polite to the scholar-officials and kind to the foot soldiers, and everyone was willing to help him. Only when a general rides up and down the hill can he be outstanding. " I think his martial arts skills are so high, and he has repeatedly led troops to battle, knowing the military and being difficult to resist. Cao Liang returned from Chang 'an, saying that the general had strict orders, was brave in fighting against the enemy, and often took the lead. When camping and resting, when the well is not drilled, every soldier must drink water before he will drink it. He didn't cross the river until the soldiers had finished crossing the river when the army returned from the war. He gave all the money and silks given by the Empress Dowager to his officers. Even an ancient star can't match him. "Liu An listen to silence.
Discuss and arise.
Seeing that Liu Jian was called to trial, Liu An was afraid that the plot of rebellion in the country would be exposed and wanted to take the lead, but Wu was considered difficult to succeed, so Liu An asked him again, "Do you think it was right or wrong for the king of Wu to raise troops to rebel?" Wu was said: "I think it is wrong. Wu Wang Fugui was extremely rich, but he did something wrong. He died as an apprentice, and his head and feet were separated, leaving no survivors. I heard that the prince of Wu regretted it. I hope the king will think twice and not do the stupid thing that the king of Wu regrets. "
Liu An said, "A man is willing to die just for what he said. Besides, where did the prince of Wu know how to rebel, so that more than 40 people from the Han Dynasty broke through Chenggao Pass in one day. Now, I'm going to make Lou Slow first seize the Chenggao Pass, so that Zhou is captured by Yingchuan County and his troops block the roads of Tieyuan Pass and Yi Queguan, and Chen Ding leads Nanyang County's army to guard Wuguan Pass. There is only Luoyang left in the satrap of Henan county, so why worry? However, there are also Linjinguan, Hedong County, Shangdang County, Hanoi County and Zhao State in the north. People say,' If you choke off the Chengdu-Gaochun Pass, the world will be impassable'. What do you think of this incident? " Wu was answered: "I can see the disaster of its failure, but I can't see the good fortune of its success." King Huai Nan said, "Zuo Wu, Zhao Xian and Zhu Jiaoru all think that they are lucky, and nine times out of ten they will succeed. Why do you think it's a disaster without a blessing? " Wu was said: "All the courtiers who were favored by your majesty were detained in the last crime ordered by your majesty, and the rest have no one to rely on."
Liu An said: "Chen Sheng and Wu Guang have nowhere to stand. They gathered 1,000 people and started an uprising in osawa Township. When they shouted for rebellion, the whole world echoed. By the time they arrived in the water, 1.2 million people were accompanying them. Although our country is small today, there are hundreds of thousands of people who can fight with weapons. They are by no means a rabble who is forced to defend the border, nor are they holding wooden crossbows and halberds. On what basis do you talk about whether things are good or bad? "
Wu was said: "In the past, the Qin Dynasty was tyrannical and heartless, which destroyed the people all over the world. The imperial court requisitioned 10,000 private drivers, built Epang Palace, collected more than half of the people's income as taxes, and also requisitioned the poor to go to the remote frontier, making it impossible for the father to protect his son's safety, and the elder brother to let his younger brother live a comfortable life. The decree was harsh and the criminal law was harsh, and everyone in the world endured all kinds of hardships. The people looked forward to it, listened to it, looked up and cried out to the sky, beating their chests and resenting the emperor, so Chen Sheng shouted rebellion and the whole world immediately echoed. Now your majesty is ruling the world, unifying the four corners of the country, loving the whole country and the people, and giving kindness to the government. Even if he doesn't speak, the sound travels as fast as thunder; Even if the imperial edict is not promulgated, the rapid promotion of enlightenment seems to have magical power; When he thought something in his heart, he threatened Wan Li, and the people echoed the Lord, just like the shadow following the shape and ringing the answer. And general Wei Qing's talent is not comparable to that of Qin generals Zhang Han and Yang Xiong. Therefore, your majesty, I think it is inappropriate for you to use Chen Sheng and Wu Guang as metaphors against Qin. "
Liu An said, "If it's really like what you said, can't it be lucky?" Wu was said, "I have a stupid plan." Liu An said, "What shall we do?" Wu was replied: "today's princes have no second thoughts about the court, and the people have no resentment against the court." However, Shuofang County has vast fields and abundant aquatic plants, and the people who have migrated are not enough to enrich and develop that area. My foolishness is that I can forge the letter written by the Prime Minister and the Imperial Adviser to Your Majesty, and ask for the relocation of the strongmen, righteous men and prisoners who have been sentenced to more than one crime, and write a letter to forgive the prisoners' criminal crimes. Anyone with a family property of more than 500,000 yuan will move to Shuofang County with their families, and more soldiers will be dispatched to supervise and urge them to arrive on time. Then forge the case-handling documents issued by the emperor personally by all the officials of Zongzong, Shanglinyuan and Jingshi, and arrest the princes' princes and favored ministers. In this way, people's grievances will be everywhere, and the princes will be afraid. Then, let the eloquent lobbyists encourage them to rebel, and maybe they can get one tenth of the success by luck! "
Liu An said: "This plan is feasible. Although your worries are reasonable, I think it is not so difficult to achieve this. " So Liu An ordered the officials and slaves to enter the palace, forged the emperor's seal, the official seals of the Prime Minister, the Imperial Conscription, the General, the Military History, the 2000 Stone, the Imperial Capital and the Xiancheng, the official seals of the satrap and a surname of the neighboring counties, and the official hats worn by the court envoys and judges, and planned to do everything according to Wu Bei's plan. Liu An also sent people to escape from Huainan and enter Chang 'an in the west after pretending to be convicted, so as to serve the general and the prime minister. He intended that once he sent his troops to revolt, he would let them immediately assassinate the general Wei Qing, and then persuade the prime minister to submit, which would be as easy as removing a piece of cloth.
Self-destruction
Liu An wants to mobilize the Chinese army, but he is afraid that his ministers and ministers will not obey. He and Wu were conspired to kill Guo Xiang and the minister of two thousand stones first, so they pretended that there was a fire in the palace, and Guo Xiang and the minister of two thousand stones would come to put out the fire and kill them as soon as they arrived. The discussion was undecided, and it was planned to send people to come from the south wearing clothes to arrest thieves and holding feather shuttlecocks, shouting "South Vietnamese soldiers have entered the boundary" to take the opportunity to send troops to March. So they sent people to Lujiang County and Huiji County to pretend to chase thieves, and did not send troops immediately. Liu An asked Wu Bei: "I led my troops to the west, and the princes must have people who echoed;" What if no one echoes? " Wu was answered, "We can seize Hengshan Kingdom to attack Lujiang County to the south, occupy warships looking for Yang, hold Xialuo City, seize Jiujiang River mouth, block the passage of Yuzhang River entering the Peng Li Lake mouth of the Yangtze River in the north, and fortify the river with strong bows and crossbows to prohibit the troops of Nanjun from going down the river; Then move eastward to capture Jiangdu country and Huiji county, and make friends with the powerful Yue country in the south, so that you can bend and stretch freely between the Yangtze River and Huai River, and you can still delay some time. " Liu An said, "Very well, there is no better plan. If the situation is critical, go to Vietnam. "
So Ting Wei reported Liu Qian's involvement in the confession of Sun Liujian, the king of Huainan, to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Ting Weilin to take the opportunity to visit the Lieutenant of Huainan to arrest the Prince. When Ting Wei came to Huainan, Liu An learned that he and Liu Qian planned to call Guo Xiang and the minister of two thousand stones, and he sent his troops when they were killed. Calling the national phase into the palace, the national phase came; Neishi was able to get away by going out. The lieutenant said, "I am welcoming the envoys sent by your majesty and can't come to see the king."
Liu An thought it was no good to kill Guo Xiang alone, but the civil history and lieutenant refused to come, so he stopped and let Guo Xiang go. He hesitated again and again, unable to make a plan for action. Liu Qian thought that he was guilty of plotting to assassinate the imperial lieutenant, and that the people involved in the plot were dead, so he thought that all the survivors were blocked and cut off. He said to his father, "All the princes who can rely on it have been arrested before, and now there is no one who can rely on it." I'm afraid you won't succeed if you send your troops when the time is not ripe. I'm willing to go to Tingwei to be arrested. " Liu An also thought to stop, and agreed to Liu Qian's request. So Liu Qian committed suicide by choking, but failed to die. Wu was seen alone by law enforcement officials, who reported his involvement in the rebellion of Huainan Wang, and gave all the details of the rebellion.
The judges arrested the prince and queen, surrounded the palace, searched and arrested all the guests of Liu An who participated in the rebellion in the country, and found the instruments of rebellion, and then reported them to the higher authorities. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty handed the case over to the minister or secretary for trial. Thousands of people, including Liehou, Qianshi and local strongmen who conspired with Liu An, were all sentenced to death according to the seriousness of the crime. Liu Ci, the king of Hengshan Mountain, is Liu An's younger brother. He was convicted of the same crime and should be arrested. The official in charge of handling the case requested the arrest of Liu Ci.
Huai Nan Zi, an important work, is a master of Liu An's thoughts, and it is necessary to study this work when studying Liu An. Huainanzi, also known as Huainan Lie Hong or Lie Hong, was written by Liu An when he was the king of Huainan, which attracted thousands of guests. Huainanzi was originally a huge book, with 2 1 book in the book, 33 books in the book and 8 volumes in the book. The book is based on Taoist thought and covers everything, involving politics, philosophy, ethics, history, literature, economics, physics, chemistry, astronomy and geography. Regrettably, however, there are only 2 1 pages left in Huainanzi.
With full of resentment and regret, Liu An, the king of Huainan, hurried on the road of no return, but this learned man left a precious spiritual wealth for future generations-Huainanzi, an epoch-making masterpiece called "the first-class among Han Chinese writings" by Liang Qichao, a modern scholar.
Huainanzi has absorbed the ideological materials of Laozi and Zhuangzi, especially the Silk Book of Huang Lao, and has become a theoretical work that integrates Huang Lao's theories. It not only puts forward unique views on issues such as Tao, Heaven and Man, form and spirit, but also inherits the Qi theory in the Spring and Autumn Period and the essence of Huang Lao's learning in the middle of the Warring States Period. As an influential social encyclopedia in the Western Han Dynasty, Huainanzi contains historical research value and rich spiritual wisdom, which remains to be further explored by our descendants.
In addition, it is very interesting that Luo Qi of Ming Dynasty mentioned the record that Liu An made tofu in the pre-Han Dynasty in the Original Material. Li Shizhen of Ming Dynasty also said in Compendium of Materia Medica: "The method of tofu began with Liu An, the king of Huainan in the former Han Dynasty. There is also a statue of Liu An riding in front of Huainan Railway Station Square, and there is a tofu festival every September.
Bagongshan Introduction Bagongshan is located on the south bank of Huaihe River, now under the jurisdiction of bagongshan district, Huainan City. It is a famous cultural resort and the main activity place of Liu An, the king of Huainan in Han Dynasty. There were a large number of first-class intellectuals in China at that time, and the profound Huainanzi was born here. It is also the birthplace of green and healthy food-tofu, and it is recognized that Liu An, the king of Huainan, and Bagong are the inventors of tofu.
Liu An's poems are close to those on the frontier, and there are those who are good at art, and the horse dies without cause and goes to Hu. Everyone hangs it, and his father says, "Why isn't this a blessing?" After living for several months, his horse will return to Hu Junma. Everyone congratulated him, and his father said, "Why can't this be a disaster?" The family is rich and good, and the son is easy to ride, but he falls and breaks his stomach. Everyone hangs it, and his father says, "Why isn't this a blessing?" After a year's residence, the Hu people entered the fortress, and the Ding Zhuang people fought with strings. The person near the fortress, the deceased is nineteen. This alone is lame, and father and son protect each other. -Han Liu An "A blessing in disguise" A blessing in disguise.
Han Dynasty: Liu An
Those who are close to the frontier have good skills, and horses die without cause. Everyone hangs it, and his father says, "Why isn't this a blessing?" After living for several months, his horse will return to Hu Junma. Everyone congratulated him, and his father said, "Why can't this be a disaster?" The family is rich and good, and the son is easy to ride, but he falls and breaks his stomach. Everyone hangs it, and his father says, "Why isn't this a blessing?" After a year's residence, the Hu people entered the fortress, and the Ding Zhuang people fought with strings. The person near the fortress, the deceased is nineteen. This alone is lame, and father and son protect each other.
Read the full text ∨ classical Chinese in junior high school, philosophical stories.