Nie Jingzhen reported treating ADHD 10 cases by tonifying kidney and strengthening spleen, all of which were effective. According to the clinical manifestations of children, the four diagnoses are divided into two types.

(1) Deficiency of kidney yin and spleen. Symptoms: irritability, willfulness, frequent fighting, hyperactivity, temper tantrums, thirst for cold drinks, loss of appetite, red tongue, less fur and rapid pulse. Liuwei Dihuang Decoction and Liujunzi Decoction should be the main ingredients, followed by Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli, Fructus Aurantii, Rhizoma Acori Graminei, Radix Polygalae, Os Draconis and Oyster.

(2) Kidney yang and spleen deficiency. Symptoms: Absence of mind, inattention in class or homework, difficulty in sleeping, dreaminess, mental fatigue, decreased grades, sallow complexion, cold limbs, loss of appetite, weak pulse, and fat and wet tongue. Yishenqi Pill combined with Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction of Acorus calamus, raw keel, raw oyster, Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli and Fructus Aurantii was used for treatment.