Alias: Reed, reed, reed, Reed English scientific name: Phragmites Australis Category: Aquatic Family name: Poaceae, Phragmites genus, there are more than 10 species, distributed in the tropics, Oceania, Africa, and Asia around the world. Reed is the only world species. There are 3 species in our country. Basic introduction Chinese name: Phragmites Pinyin: lú wěi shǔ Scientific name: Phragmites Adans. Kingdom: Plantae Subkingdom: Green Plants Subkingdom: Charophyta Phylum: Equisetum (Embryophyta) Subphylum: Wood Phylum thiophyta (subphylum Vascular Plants) Class: Magnoliophyta (Class Angiosperms) Subclass: Class Lilium Superorder: Commelina Superorder: Poaceae Family: Poaceae Genus: Phragmites Description of the genus, morphology Characteristics, ecological habits, species of the genus, genus model, distribution of origin, breeding and cultivation, application value, daily use value, medicinal value, feeding value, related poems, Jianjia, Jiangcun instant events, Jiangcun evening view, Qingxi host and guest song Phragmites Trin, Phragmites Trin. Phragmites Trin. Phragmites, Gramineae, is distributed in temperate and tropical areas, growing in low wetlands or shallow water beside irrigation ditches, river embankment swamps, etc. "In the shallow water and the moist ground, there are clumps of graceful reeds; they are swaying in the wind, and they are simple and unpretentious, but full of wild charm." The reed stems are straight and tall, swaying in the wind, and full of wild charm. Reed is widely distributed and grows all over the world. There are 2 species and 1 variant in my country, among which the reed P. communis Trin. can be found everywhere and likes to grow near water. The rhizome is covered with cloth and has the effect of solidifying the embankment; the stem is thick and tough and can be used to build thatched houses and make arrow stalks; the fiber of the stem bark can be used to weave reed curtains, mats and make paper; the root is used as medicine and is called reed root. Other species in the genus are also used as breakwater plants. Perennial, stout herb, with long and broad leaves and terminal large panicle; spikelets have 3-7 small flowers, the lowest one is male or neutral, and the rest are bisexual flowers; spikelet rachis is covered with long silk hairs, The base of each node on the scape and between the florets falls off, so the fruit can be scattered by the wind with the help of silk hairs after falling off. Morphological characteristics Phragmites australis is a perennial, reed-like marsh herb with developed rhizomes. The stem is erect, with many nodes; the leaf sheaths are often hairless; the ligule is thick and membranous, with hairy edges; the leaves are broad, lanceolate, and mostly hairless. The panicle is large and dense, with many rough branches; the spikelet contains 3-7 florets, and the internodes of the spikelet rachis are short and hairless, disconnected between the first outer scale and the mature flower; the globules are unequal in length, with 3-5 florets. The veins are sharp or acuminate at the apex, and are shorter than the florets; the first lemma is usually sterile, contains stamens or is neuter, the lemma of the florets gradually becomes smaller upward, narrowly lanceolate, with 3 veins, and the apex is acuminate or tapered. Aawn-like, glabrous, lemma base is elongated and filiformly pubescent, lemma is narrow, much shorter than its lemma; scales 2, stamens 3, anthers 1-3 mm long. The caryopsis is separated from its palea, and the embryo is small. The chromosomes are small, x=6, 12, 2n=24, 36, 48, 96, 38, 44, 46, 49, which is high polyploidy or aneuploidy. Ecological Habits: Mostly found in low wetlands or shallow water. Reed is a plant often seen near water. Reed is often confused with Hanmang. The difference is that the stems of reed are hollow, while Hanmang is not. In addition, Hanmang can be seen everywhere, and reeds grow in water. Blooms in summer and autumn, panicles, terminal, sparse, 10-40 cm long, slightly drooping, spikelets containing 4-7 flowers, monoecious, inflorescences about 15-25 cm long, spikelets 1.4 cm long, white-green Or brown, the spikelet at the bottom of the inflorescence is male, and the rest are hermaphrodite flowers. The flowering period is from August to December. The fruits of reed are caryopsis, lanceolate, with a persistent style at the top. Phragmites australis is a perennial aquatic or wet tall grass that grows beside irrigation ditches, river bank swamps, etc. Reed plants are tall and have well-developed creeping rhizomes underground. The stems are upright, 1 to 3 meters high, and white powder often grows under the nodes. Leaf sheaths are cylindrical, hairless or hairy. The ligule is hairy, and the leaves are long linear or long-lanceolate, arranged in two rows. Leaves are 15-45 cm long and 1-3.5 cm wide.

The panicle is densely branched and extends diagonally. The inflorescence is 10-40cm long, and the spikelet has 4-7 florets. The globules have 3 veins, one is short and the other is slightly longer. The first floret is mostly male, and the remaining florets are bisexual; The apex of the second outer sample is long and acuminate, and the long filamentous pubescence of the base plate is 6-12mm long; the lemma is about 4mm long, and the ridge is rough. It has long, thick creeping rhizomes and mainly reproduces by rhizomes. Species of this genus Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. var. australis Japanese reed Phragmites japonicus Steud. Japanese reed ( Prostratus (Makino) L. Liu Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud.

Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. var. cinctus Hook.f.

Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. var . karka belongs to the model reed Phragmites australis (Cav. ) Trin. ex Steud. Origin and distribution Phragmites grows in ponds, river banks, and watery areas beside rivers and streams, often forming reed ponds. It grows all over the world, and is widely distributed in my country, including the Liaohe Delta, Songnen Plain, and Sanjiang Plain in the northeast, Hulunbuir and Xilin Gol grasslands in Inner Mongolia, Bosten Lake, Ili Valley and Tacheng Emin Valley in Xinjiang, and Baiyangdian in the North China Plain. The reed area is a distribution area where large areas of reeds are concentrated. There are more than 10 species, distributed in the tropics, Oceania, Africa, and Asia around the world. Reed is the only world species. There are 3 species in our country. Reproduction and cultivation: It grows in shallow water or low wetlands, and is susceptible to damage in newly cultivated wheat fields or other paddy fields and dry fields. Reeds have rhizomes that run horizontally. In natural habitats, they mainly reproduce by rhizomes. The rhizomes are criss-crossed to form a network, and even form a thick rhizome layer on the water surface, on which people and livestock can move. walk. Rhizomes have strong vitality and can be buried underground for a long time. Rhizomes of 1 meter or more can still develop into new branches once conditions are suitable. It can also be propagated by seeds, which can be spread by the wind. It has a wide range of adaptability to water. It can form reed communities from moist soil to long-term stagnant water, and from water depths of a few centimeters to more than 1 meter. In rivers and lakes with water depths of 20 to 50 centimeters and slow flow rates, tall grass communities can form, known as "grass forests." In the Baiyangdian area of ??the North China Plain, the germination period is early April, the leaf unfolding stage is early May, the growth period is early April to late July, the booting stage is from late July to early August, the heading stage is early to late August, and the flowering stage is late August. From early September to early September, the seed maturity period is from early October, and the leaf falling period is after the end of October. In Shanghai, buds sprout from underground rhizomes in mid-to-late March, occur in large numbers from April to May, bloom from September to October, and bear fruit in November. Seedlings emerge from May to June in Heilongjiang, and only grow vegetatively that year. Overwintering buds form from July to September. Overwintering buds germinate from May to June, bloom from July to August, and mature from August to September. Phragmites australis has practical value and daily value. It is a soil-preserving and embankment-consolidating plant. Reed stalks can be used as raw materials for papermaking, rayon, and artificial cotton, as well as for weaving mats, curtains, etc.; when young, they contain a large amount of protein and sugar and are excellent feed; the young shoots are also edible; the inflorescences can be used as brooms; the catkins can be used to fill pillows; The rhizome is called reed root.

Medicinal value: It is used as medicine in traditional Chinese medicine. It is cold in nature and sweet in taste. It has the functions of clearing stomach fire and removing lung heat. It has the effects of strengthening the stomach, antivomiting and diuresis. Reed leaves, reed flowers, reed stems, reed roots, and asparagus can all be used as medicine. "Compendium of Materia Medica" states that reed leaves can "treat cholera, vomiting, and carbuncle"; "Ben Jing Daoyuan" records that it has "burning properties and can cure epilepsy and other types of blood"; except the reed leaves as powder, make green onion and pepper soup. Wash it and apply it to cure ulcers on the back of the hair. Reed catkins stop bleeding and detoxify, treat epistaxis, bleeding, vomiting and diarrhea. "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that "boil it in thick juice and take it to treat the poison of fish and crabs." Reed is not only a good crystal in dishes, but also can cure hot-blooded thirst and gonorrhea. "Wang Gao Yao Jie" says that it can "clear the lungs and quench thirst, and diuretic and relieve stranguria." "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that it can "resolve various botulinum toxins." Reed stems and reed roots are important medicines used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat febrile diseases. They can clear away heat and promote fluid production, relieve irritability and stop vomiting. There are detailed records in the ancient fourteen medicine books. The rather famous "Thousand Gold Reed" stems. Modern pharmacology has confirmed that the leaves, flowers, stems and roots of reed are rich in pharmacological ingredients - pentosan, coixin, protein, fat, carbohydrates, D-glucose, D-galactose and two uronic acids As well as a large amount of more than ten kinds of vitamins B1, B2, C, etc., it has attracted the attention of the medical and pharmaceutical circles. Feeding value: Reed is an excellent forage with wide adaptability, strong stress resistance and high biomass. It has high feeding value. The young stems and leaves are favored by various livestock. It is also used for mowing grass or for both grazing and mowing. It is often used as grazing land in early spring. The reed grassland has seasonal accumulation of water or is too wet. In addition, it is a tall grassland, which is suitable for grazing by horses, cattle and large livestock. Reeds are tall plants above ground and have strong regenerative power. Grasslands dominated by reeds have higher biomass than pasture grasses. Under natural conditions, the yield of fresh grass is 3.9 to -13.9 tons/hectare. It can be cut 2 to 3 times a year. In addition to grazing, it can be used for drying hay and silage. After silage, the grass is green and has a strong aroma. Sheep, cattle and horses also like to eat it. Related poems Jian Jia (from The Book of Songs Qin Feng) Jian Jia is green, and the white dew is frost. The so-called beauty is on the water side. If you follow it back, the road will be long and blocked. Traveling back from it, Wan is in the middle of the water. The jianjia is desolate, and the white dew is still lingering. The so-called beauty is on the water. If you follow it back, the road will be blocked and you will be able to advance. If you go back and swim from it, you will feel like you are swimming in the water. The jianjia is collected, and the white dew has not stopped. The so-called beauty is in the river of water. Follow it back, but the road is blocked and to the right. If you go back and swim from it, you will be swimming in the water. What's happening in Jiangcun (Sikong Shu) After returning from fishing, the boat is not tied up. The moon is setting in Jiangcun and it's time to sleep. Even if the wind blows away all night, it is only by the shallow water of reed flowers. Evening view of Jiangcun (Dai Vinuo) The setting sun shines on the flat sand at the head of the river, and the fishing boat pavilion is sloping on the bank when the tide recedes. A pair of white birds stand near the water. When they see people, they get up and enter the reed flowers. Qingxi Host and Guest Song (Wang Chongliang) The wild king's hand plays Huai Fei Jie, and there is a banner for returning from the door. She raised her eyebrows and smiled, her purple beard was in autumn, and she still held Ke Ting's moon in her sleeves. The owner of Shanyin loaded up the snow boat and raised the canopy to tie the cable to the head of Qingxi. My ears have been so hot all my life that I haven't even recognized it, and I feel like it's just like the clouds are holding me back. In the west wind with a sound of horizontal jade, the gulls flying without moving the reed flowers. Horse hooves still penetrate the green hills, and willow tips dip into the moon and sky like water. Ode to Reeds (Yu Yafei) In the moist land in the shallow water, there are clumps of graceful reeds; they are swaying in the wind and have many postures, which are simple and unpretentious and full of wild charm.