Rubeola (Mobilli) is an acute systemic eruptive respiratory infectious disease caused by measles virus, which is highly contagious. People susceptible to measles are in close contact with measles patients, and the incidence rate can be as high as 95%. The onset age of measles is 1-5 years old, accounting for about 80% of the total incidence. Typical measles manifestations are fever, conjunctivitis, inflammation of upper respiratory tract, Koplik spots on oral and buccal mucosa, papules all over the body, and pigmented spots after rash.
The causes of infant death after illness are mostly complications, such as laryngitis, encephalitis, bronchopneumonia and myocarditis. Before the application of measles vaccine, the incidence and mortality of measles accounted for the first place in children's infectious diseases, and it was prevalent every few years. The key to the epidemic is the accumulation of susceptible children. After the application of safe and effective live attenuated measles vaccine, improving the population-specific immunity level is the primary measure to prevent measles.
Inoculation target
measles vaccine
1, susceptible persons over 8 months old: the initial immunization age is 8 months old, and the re-immunization age is 7 years old. It can also be immunized at the age of 8 months, 1.5-2 years old 1 needle, to reduce the susceptible population who failed the first immunization. 2. Emergency vaccination after the occurrence of the case: the target is the susceptible person within the patient's activity range. The vaccination rate in epidemic areas should reach more than 95%. The vaccination time should be as early as possible, and the vaccination should be completed after the first generation of cases and before the spread of the epidemic. The incubation period of measles is usually 7- 14 days, and the longest is 2 1 day. Antibodies can be produced 7- 12 days after vaccination, which is shorter than that after infection. Therefore, emergency vaccination of susceptible people can control the spread of epidemic or prevent the epidemic. Children with measles in the incubation period generally have no adverse reactions after vaccination. Vaccination within 1-2 days after measles infection can prevent the occurrence of viremia and relieve the clinical symptoms of infected people. Gamma globulin can be applied to susceptible people who have not been vaccinated against measles, people who have close contact with measles patients and people who are not suitable for vaccination, but this immunity can only last for 2-3 weeks, and then they may be infected again if they contact measles children again. Therefore, if there are no taboos in the future, children over 8 months must be vaccinated with various measles vaccines.
Application mode
Freeze-dried live measles vaccine: add sterile water for injection according to the dosage shown in the bottle label and use it after it is completely dissolved. Injection site and dosage: the skin at the attachment of deltoid muscle on the lateral side of upper arm was disinfected with 75% ethanol, dried and injected subcutaneously with 0.5ml. Children and adults have the same dose.
Inoculation reaction and taboo
Inoculation reaction
The common inoculation reactions are burning and tingling at the injection site for a short time, and individual recipients may have fever (above 38.3℃) or rash 5~ 12 days after inoculation. Rare vaccination reactions include some minor local reactions, such as erythema, induration and tenderness, sore throat and discomfort, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Extremely rare are allergic reactions, transient arthritis and joint pain.
Contraindications
A pregnant woman. Those who have allergic history or allergic reaction to penicillin and eggs. Respiratory diseases are accompanied by fever, active tuberculosis, hematological diseases, cachexia and malignant tumors. Patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency or patients treated with immunosuppressants. Individuals or families have a history of convulsions and brain trauma.