Table of Contents 1 Pinyin 2 English Reference 3 Overview 4 The Chinese Materia Medica of Chicory 4.1 Origin 4.2 Pinyin 4.3 English Name 4.4 Alias 4.5 Source 4.6 Proto-morphology 4.7 Habitat and Distribution 4.8 Chemical Constituents 4.9 Pharmacological Actions of Chicory 4.10 Sexual Taste 4.11 Functions and Indications 4.12 Usage and Dosage 4.13 Discussions of Various Schools 4.14 Excerpts 5 The Pharmacopoeia of Chicory Standard 5.1 Name 5.2 Origin 5.3 Characteristics 5.3.1 Hairy Chicory 5.3.2 Hairy Chicory Roots 5.3.3 Chicory 5.3.4 Chicory Roots 5.4 Identification 5.5 Inspection 5.5.1 Moisture 5.5.2 Total Ash 5.6 Leachate 5.7 Chicory Drinking Tablets 5.7.1 Concoction 5.7.2 Identification, Inspection, and Leachate 5.7.3 Flavors and Classification 5.7.4 Functions and Indications 5.7.5 Usage and Dosage 5.7.6 Storage 5.8 Provenance 6 References Attachment: 1 Proprietary Chinese Medicines Used in the Chinese Medicine Chicory 1 Pinyin

jú jù

2 English References

chicory, endive, succory [Langdao Chinese-English Dictionary]

chicory,cichorii herba [Xiangya Medical Professional Dictionary].

3 Overview

Chicory is a perennial herb in the genus Chicory of the family Asteraceae (Compositae), and is a variety of wild chicory. Scientific name Cichorium intybus L., alias European chicory, bracts. Eat young leaves, leafballs or roots, suitable for coleslaw. In the soft cultivation, taproot can be used as fodder, containing bitter substances horse chestnut bark pigment, horse chestnut tree glucoside, wild lettuce glucoside, mountain lettuce pigment and mountain lettuce bitter pigment, etc., has the effect of liver cleansing and choleretic. Native to the Mediterranean, central Asia and North Africa. It has been cultivated in ancient Rome and Greece. Root fleshy, short thick. Stem erect, angular, hollow, much branched. Rooted leaves, alternate, long oblanceolate, apex acute, leaf margin toothed. Heads, corollas ligulate, greenish-blue, polyandrous, stamens blue. Achenes, angular, tip hastate. Seeds small, brown, glossy. Spring or early summer open field sowing, row spacing 40 × 11cm. soft cultivation, autumn with the roots dug up, cut off the root apex to stay 67cm long, stored in a cool place, late fall to spring to take out, in the greenhouse or in the cellar in the softening. Dense planting covered with sand or fine soil, thick 1520cm, sheltered from light, keep moist, but not too wet, in order to prevent root rot. Temperature to maintain 1520 ° C. 2025 days to form a white leaf ball, the quality of tender, no bitter taste. When the temperature is 1012℃, it takes 3040 days to harvest. When harvesting cut off the leaf ball, remove the outer leaves. Harvest twice, the first harvest peripheral large leaves, leaving the terminal bud; the second harvest leaf ball. Open ground soft cultivation, digging a trench to plant roots, cover the soil (or sand), and then cover the horse manure, improve the soil temperature.

4 The Chinese Materia Medica of Chicory 4.1 Origin

From Xinjiang Manual of Chinese Herbal Medicine

4.2 Pinyin Name

Jú Jù

4.3 English Name

Chicory Herb, Common Chicory

4.4 Alias of Chicory

Blue Chrysanthemum

4.5 Source

Source of the medicinal herb. Asteraceae plant chicory above ground.

Latin botanical and animal mineral name: Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai subsp: Harvested in spring and summer, cut and dried.

4.6 Forms

Chicory perennial herb, 20150cm high. root hypertrophy. Stem erect, angular, hollow, branches oblique and thick apex, with sparse coarse hairs or sericeous hairs, rarely glabrous. Basal leaves obversely pinnatifid to undivided, but toothed, 620cm long, apex lobes larger, lateral lobes triangular, base tapering into winged petiole; cauline leaves attenuate, few, lanceolate-ovate to lanceolate, distal leaves small, entire, sparsely hirsute or sericeous on underside of all leaves. Heads solitary at stem and branch ends, or 23 in clusters in axils in the middle and upper ground; involucre terete, 814 mm long; outer involucral bracts of variable length and shape, softly coriaceous and lashed proximally, glabrous or hairy outside; flowers all ligulate, corolla blue. Achenes truncate at the apex, crown hairs short, 0.20.8 long, scale-like, apex finely toothed. Flowering in summer.

4.7 Habitat

Ecology: Born in the understory of sparse forests on mountain slopes, in grassy areas or in cultivation.

Resource distribution: distributed in Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet.

4.8 Chemical constituents

The whole herb contains escultin, esculin, cichoriin, lectucin and lacturopicrin[1].

Leaves contain monocaffeoyltartaric acid [2], dicaffeoyltartaric acid also known as chicoric acid [3].

4.9 Pharmacological effects

The infusion of wild chicory flowers is injected into animals to stimulate the central nervous system and enhance cardiac activity (amplitude increases and frequency slows) toning decoction has antibacterial and astringent effects. The root increases appetite and improves digestion; high concentrations of the infusion increase gastric secretion but not smooth muscle tone. Ethanol or ether extracts of the roots are antibacterial, and the active ingredient may be a sesquiterpene. The roots also have a light diarrheal effect. The seeds have non-specific resident phytohaemagglutinins. Carcinogenic hydrocarbons have also been reported in chicory. Its content is higher than other coffee-based beverages.

4.10 Taste and odor

Bitter; sexual race

4.11 Functions

Clearing heat and detoxification; diuretic swelling. Mainly damp-heat jaundice; nephritis edema; stomach and epigastric distension; appetite

4.12 Usage and dosage of chicory

Internal: decoction, 39g. external: appropriate amount, decoction water wash.

4.13 Discussions

Xinjiang Manual of Chinese Herbal Medicine: clearing the liver and inducing bile. Treatment of jaundice hepatitis. Chicory three money decoction, and use the appropriate amount of decoction water to wash the body.

4.14 Extracts

Chinese Materia Medica

5 Chicory Pharmacopoeia Standard 5.1 Name

Chicory

Juju

CICHORII HERBA

CICHORII RADIX

5.2 Source

This is the Uygur habitual medicinal herb. It is the dried above-ground part or root of Cichoriμm glandulosum Boiss. et Huet or Cichorium intybus L. of Asteraceae. Summer, fall two seasons to cut the ground part or late fall digging root, remove sediment and impurities, sun dry.

5.3 Traits 5.3.1 Hair chicory

The stem is cylindrical, slightly curved; the surface is gray-green or purplish, with longitudinal ribs, pilose or bristly, yellowish-white cross-section, hollow. Leaves are much broken, gray-green, pilose on both surfaces; complete leaf blades in the middle of the stem are oblong, sessile at the base, half-embracing; upward leaves are gradually smaller, auriculate-embracing, with spiny teeth at the margin. Heads 5 to 13 in short racemose arrangement. Involucre campanulate, 5-6 mm in diameter; bracts 2-layered, outer slightly shorter or subequal, hairy; ligulate flowers blue. Achenes obovate, surface angular and undulate texture, apical truncate, scaly crown hairs, 0.8 ~ lmm, brown or tan, densely covered with black-brown spots. Slight gas, taste salty, slightly bitter.

5.3.2 Hairy chicory root

The main root is conical, with lateral roots and most fibrous roots, 10-20cm long, 0.5-1.5cm in diameter, brownish-yellow surface, with fine irregular longitudinal wrinkles. The surface is brownish yellow, with fine irregular longitudinal wrinkles. It is hard, not easy to break, and the section is yellowish white on the outside, white in the middle, and sometimes hollow. Slight gas, bitter flavor.

5.3.3 Chicory

Stem surface nearly smooth. Stem leaves few, oblong-lanceolate. Heads few, clustered; bracts short outside and long inside, glabrous or apex sparsely hairy. Achenes scalelike, crown hairs short, 0.2-0.3mm long.

5.3.4 Chicory Root

Apical sometimes with 2-3 forks. The surface is gray-brown to brown, rough, with deep longitudinal lines, the outer skin is often detached, and after detachment, it appears brown to brown, with a few lateral roots and fibrous roots. Chewing tough.

5.4 Identification

(1) cross-section of the product: hairy chicory stem? The epidermis occasionally has multicellular glandular hairs. The corners of the subcutaneous thick angular cells, cortical cells filled with yellowish brown inclusions; endothelial cells Kjeldahl point is more obvious, in the column sheath fibers are not developed, the vascular bundles of the external tough type, about 20 to 25 bundles, the formation of the layer is obvious, the conduit class is rounded, a single or a number of annular columns in the xylem, the diameter of 8 to 50 μm.

Hairy Chicory Roots? Cork layer 2-3 rows of cells, brownish yellow; phloem rays or multiseriate. Formation layer obvious, xylem conduits scattered or 2 to 6 radially arranged, wood rays 1 to 6 columns, cells wide, cell wall thin, grain holes obvious.

Chicory stems? Middle column sheath fibers are more developed, conduits several or dozens of aggregates, intermittent rings in the xylem.

Chicory root? [1] The xylem accounts for about 1/2 of the cross-section.

(2) Take 1g of powder, add petroleum ether (60-90 ℃) 30ml, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtration, dregs standby; filtrate evaporation, residue add ethyl acetate methanol (1:1) mixture of 1m1 to make dissolved, as a test solution. Another chicory (or chicory root) control herb 1g, the same method into the control herb solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (2010 version of the Pharmacopoeia, Appendix VI B) test, absorb the above two solutions of 10μl, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with petroleum ether (60 ~ 90 ℃) a dichloromethane (1: 4) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heated at 105 ℃ until the spot color is clear. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control herb, the same color spots.

(3) take [identification] (2) under the dregs, volatile petroleum ether, add ethyl acetate 30 ml, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue plus ethyl acetate a methanol (1:2) mixture of 1m1 to make soluble, as a test solution. Take chicory (or chicory root) control herb 1g, the same method into the control herb solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (2010 version of the Pharmacopoeia, Appendix VIB) test, absorb the above two solutions of 10ul, respectively, point in the same silica gel GF254 thin layer plate, dichloromethane a methanol (9:1) as the unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, and placed in the ultraviolet light (254nm) under the examination. In the chromatogram of the test product, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control herb, showing the same color spots; and then sprayed with 10% ethanol sulfate solution, heated at 105 ℃ until the spots show color clearly, showing the same color spots.

5.5 Check 5.5.1 Moisture

Not more than 10.0% (2010 version of the Pharmacopoeia, Appendix IX H first method).

5.5.2 Total ash

not more than 10.0% (2010 version of the Pharmacopoeia, Appendix IX K).

5.6 Leachate

According to the alcohol-soluble leachate method (2010 version of the Pharmacopoeia, a Appendix X? A) under the item of hot leaching method, with 55% ethanol as a solvent, not less than 10.0%.

5.7 Chicory tablets 5.7.1 Concoction

Remove impurities, cut into pieces.

5.7.2 Identification, examination, leachate

Same as herbs.

5.7.3 Taste and Meridian

Slightly bitter, salty, cool. Attributed to the liver, gallbladder and stomach meridians [2].

5.7.4 Functions and Indications

Clearing the liver and inducing bile, strengthening the stomach and eliminating food, diuretic and swelling. It is used for damp-heat jaundice, stomach pain with little food, edema with little urine.

5.7.5 Method of use and dosage

9～18g.

5.7.6 Storage

In a cool and dry place.

5.8 Provenance