1. Local Proper Nouns
Rugby was originally the name of a place in England where there was a school, Rugby School, which was famous for playing rugby. It was later lower-cased rugby to mean "rugby" or "rugby play".
Copper comes from Cyprus, which is known for its copper.
Many product names in the English language are originally the names of places of origin. For example, java from the Indonesian place name Java (Java Island), refers to "Java coffee"; Cologne from the West German city Cologne, refers to "Cologne perfume"; bourbon from the U.S. state of Kentucky, Bourbon, refers to "the", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the". Bourbon from Kentucky, USA, means "a strong whiskey". Other common words that have been converted from local proper nouns are:
China china porcelain
ollywood Hollywood (center of the American film industry; part of the city of Los Angeles)
hollywood (made in Hollywood) American film; American film industry; American film industry
Mecca (an Islamic pilgrimage site in western Saudi Arabia)
mecca a place of pilgrimage; a place one aspires to visit; a goal to aspire to.
nankeen (a strong, wearable) cloth (originally from Nanjing)
Panama Panama (city)
panama Panama (style) straw hat
Shanghai 上海 上海
shanghai (from Shanghai) Pudong chicken
White House 白宫；美国政府
White House; the White House. House White House; U.S. government
Russia Russia
russia Russian leather
Scotch Scottish
scotch Scotch whisky
Waterloo Waterloo (a Belgian town) ("Waterloo") is a town in the United States that was the site of the 1815 defeat of Napoleon's army. Waterloo Waterloo (Belgian town) (where Napoleon's army was defeated in 1815)
waterloo Fiasco; fatal blow; decisive defeat
Japan Japan
japan Japanese lacquer; (general term) Japanese porcelain
Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor (U.S. port); (Pearl Harbor document-like) sneak attack
Broadway Broadway (one of the main streets in New York City, the United States, because the theater, nightclubs are located in this story to the street name on behalf of the "American theater industry", "New York entertainment industry" "New York nightlife", etc.)
Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor (U.S. military port); (Pearl Harbor documents like) the Sudden Attack "
2, personal names
(1) Originally the name of the inventor to the name of the invention.
watt (watt) originated from the British scientist James watt; volt (volt) originated from the Italian scientist
Alessandro Vota; ohm (ohm) originated from the German scientist Georg Ohm; ampere (ampere) originated from the French scientist Andre Ampere; hertz (hertz) ) from the German physicist H.R Hertz; pasteurize (to disinfect or sterilize) from the famous French chemist-biologist Louis Pasteur.
(2) A person who becomes famous because he or she pioneers or discovers something, and then becomes a common noun
sandwich (三明治).
3) Famous characters in novels or other written works, because of the obvious character traits to refer to people in general.
Friday originated from the British novel "Robinson Crusoe" in Robinson's servant's name, now refers to the "loyal servants". quixote original Spanish writer Cervantes novel Don Quixote "Don Quixote" in the main character, now refers to "" Don Quixote-type people. Shylock is the usurious and vicious Jew in Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice. Uncle Tom is the main character in the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin published by Mrs. Stowe in 1852, and is now used to refer to a "rebellious and insubordinate person". "the rebellious Negro", while Uncle Tomism refers to "(Negro's) rebelliousness".Crusoe is the main character in Robinson Grasoe, a long novel by the English writer Defoe, and is now used to mean Don Juan was originally a Spanish legend, a lecherous aristocrat who specialized in playing with women, this character often appears in the West in the Declaration of Independence signed by people, now this word is used to refer to "autographed", "autographed", "autographed", "autographed", "autographed", "autographed", "autographed", "autographed", "autographed" and "autographed". The word is used to refer to "autographs" in poetry and drama, and is now used to refer to "those who play with women", and "Romeo" is a character in Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet, and is now used to refer to "a passionate lover". Romeo is a character in Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet, and now refers to "a man in love"
(4) Names of politicians and statesmen
nicotine is derived from the name of a French diplomat, Jean Nicot, who introduced tobacco to France in the 16th century. John Hancok (1773-1793) was an American revolutionary leader who was the first to sign the Declaration of Independence, a term now used to refer to "autographs". quisling (traitor, head of a traitorous puppet government) is derived from the Norwegian fascist leader Quisling (Gisling), who colluded with the German fascists in World War II and became the head of the Nazi occupation after the Nazi invasion of France. Mccarthyism is derived from J. R. Mc Carthy (1909-1957), a U.S. senator, and refers to "the reactionary idea of using fascist methods to persecute the forces of democracy and progress in the United States," and is also called "McCarthyism".
(5) Names of religious, mythological and other figures
Somson is a character in the Christian Bible known for his physical strength, now used to refer to Hercules, and Titan is a member of a race of giants who are said to have ruled the world in the Greek gods and goddesses, and is now used to refer to "giants" with a lower case titan. Titan is the Greek goddess of love and beauty, and is now used to refer to "beauty"; Diana is the goddess of the moon and beauty in Roman mythology. Diana is the goddess of the moon and hunting in Roman mythology, now referred to as "the moon" or "the huntress"; Hercules is the "Hercules" of Greek and Roman mythology. He was the son of Zeus, a god of great strength who performed twelve heroic deeds, and lowercase hercules means "Hercules, giant." Nestor (Nestor) was a wise Greek general during the Trojan War, and nestor is a metaphor for "an old and wise head (of a profession or field)" or "a wise old man". Greek mythology, this is the prince of Thebes, he had solved the mystery of the monster Sphinx. He killed his father and married his mother by mistake, then stabbed himself in the eyes and wandered to his death. Now it can be used to refer to the "riddle-solver". Oedipus complex in psychology refers to "Oedipus complex". Apollo (Apollo) for the Greek mythology in charge of light, youth, poetry, medicine, animal husbandry, etc., said that the sun god. Apollo (Apollo) is the god of light, poetry, medicine and animal husbandry in Greek mythology, and is said to be the god of the sun, which is now referred to as "the sun" or "the beautiful young man" in poetry.
(6) Other personal names
Platonic comes from the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, meaning "theoretical", "idealistic", or "purely spiritual". Platonic love or platonism refers to "divine love". Solomon, the son of David, king of the Kingdom of Israel, was known for his wisdom, and is now used as a metaphor to refer to a "wise man" or "smart person". "Tom Thumb (Tom Thumb) is a dwarf in the English fairy tale, now refers to "short people or (plants)".
3, book or movie or TV name proper nouns
Many common names in English are transformed from book or movie titles.
asphalt jungle was originally the name of an American film, now refers to a big city or a specific area of a big city. godfather was originally the name of a novel written by Mario puzo in 1969, now refers to the leader of the mafia or other secret criminal organizations. utopia was originally the name of a novel written by the British writer Tomas More, now refers to "Utopia". Utopia (Utopia) was originally written by Tomas More, a British writer, and now refers to an "ideal country" or "idealism".
4. Trademarks
Many trademarks in English are often used to refer to their products because they are familiar to everyone. Common Kodak (Kodak camera), Xerox (electrostatic copying method, electrostatic copying machine), Ford (Ford brand cars), Vaseline (Vaseline mineral spirits), Coco-cola (Coca-Cola drinks), Pepsi-cola (Pepsi drinks), some trademark nouns and derivatives, such as xeroxer and xeroxable. Some trademark nouns can also be used as adjectives, e.g. Micky Mouse means "small", "small-sized", "insignificant" ("petty"). petty).
5. Other Proper Nouns
In addition to the proper nouns mentioned above, there are many common nouns in English that are transformed from other proper nouns. mafia is a clandestine criminal organization in Sicily, Italy, mainland Italy, and the United States, and mafia refers to a "clandestine group of political terrorists" or "(political terrorists)". "Marathon refers to a marathon of 42.195 kilometers, while lowercase marathon refers to "a long-distance race (swimming, skating, etc.)". "Nazi is a member of the German National Socialist Party (Nazi), nazi means "fascist". Paradise (乐园、天堂) is derived from the religious Paradise of Eden; Protestant originally referred to the Protestant candidates who protested against the Catholic candidates in the German Reichstag in 1952, but is now used in lowercase portestant to mean "protester" or "protestor". Disneyland (奇妙的幻境) comes from the amusement park near Los Angeles run by Walt Disney, the producer of the American animated cartoon, and October refers to "October wine". "Olympus (Olympus) is the residence of the Greek gods, now referred to as "heaven" and "kingdom of heaven"; Renaissance is the literary revival of the 14th-16th centuries in Europe, now referred to as the literary (or literary, academic) revival. （Renaissance is the 14th-16th century European literary revival, now referred to as the literary (or literary, academic) revival, lowercase renaissance can also refer to the "new life", "resurrection", "revival".