1。 Drip filter: The structure of this drip filter pot is very simple. There is only a conical container, much like a cup. The inner edge of the container must be covered with filter paper, and then coffee powder is added and brewed with hot water. This method makes hot water and coffee powder fall into the cup once, so only the substances with high performance can be extracted, so coffee with fragrant smell and minimal odor can be brewed.
2。 American electric coffee pot: There are two kinds of internal containers in general electric coffee pots, one is funnel-shaped and the other is wide and flat cylindrical. I suggest using the former when brewing coffee in small quantities. Coffee powder will concentrate on the narrow bottom, which will slow down the flow of hot water, while the latter, coffee powder can only be laid flat on the bottom of the container, a thin layer, when hot water passes through quickly. No coffee at all. At present, most of the hungry electric coffee makers in the world spray hot water radially around, and the amount of coffee powder is too small, so some hot water can only be sprayed on the filter paper, but not on the coffee powder. So most of them are brewed into a cup of diluted coffee!
3。 French filter press pot (my favorite) I think the filter press pot can best show the original flavor and wildness. Its operating principle is that coffee is brewed directly with hot water and filtered with iron mesh, and almost all the substances that can be extracted are extracted, so a cup of turbid coffee will be formed. And the flavor is very primitive and complicated. General high-quality coffee is very suitable for this brewing method. But inferior coffee beans are tasteless. All that remains is bitterness.
4。 Siphon pot: Many people think that the coffee grounds left in the upper pot must be shaped into a hill to be considered as a successful brewing. But I don't think this statement is necessarily correct. Because the center of the upper pot is the position of the filter cloth, it is actually very simple to form a hill. As long as the siphon pot leaves the fire source, that is, the coffee in the upper pot is ready to stay in the lower pot, just stir it clockwise for a few times with the coffee stirring rod, and of course, the opposite direction is also ok! In fact, the siphon pot is to use a water pipe to move the water in the lower half container to the upper half container with the pressure of air to become a cup of coffee. So it's also called vacuum pot and choke pot. Siphon pots are basically not used in Europe and America, but they are very popular in Japan, Taiwan Province and mainland China. Perhaps we are dancing with glassware on the bar, as if we are doing chemical experiments, which makes people think that this is a very profound skill. I think this way of brewing coffee is the best.
5。 Mocha pot: Mocha pot is composed of an upper pot, a filter screen and a lower pot, and the filter screen is between the upper and lower pots. When brewing, water is placed in the lower pot, and coffee is placed in the middle net. When the lower pot is heated, steam is generated and hot water is washed up. Pass through the coffee powder and then enter the upper pot to form coffee. Because its air pressure is relatively high, some people classify it as high-pressure cooking. Some people call it handmade espresso, but it can't make the foam of espresso. But it's really strong coffee.
6。 Italian Espresso machine: Espresso is an easy-to-use technology to brew coffee. According to the standard of a cup of espresso, the coffee powder is about 7 grams, the water temperature is about 95 degrees, the water pressure is about 10 atmospheric pressure, and the brewing time is between 22 and 28 seconds. If the water temperature is too low, it will lead to insufficient extraction, and only a cup of Espresso with insufficient flavor and sour taste can be cooked. But the water temperature is too high, which will cause excessive bitterness and astringency of coffee. However, the alcohol taste mainly comes from its water pressure. The general hot water brewing method can only extract substances that can be dissolved in water from coffee, but can extract substances that cannot be dissolved in water by high pressure. These high pressures completely emulsify the lipids in coffee and put them into water. And its brewing time will determine the characteristics of this cup of coffee. Espresso uses high pressure to extract the flavor of coffee, which is completed in about 25 seconds. After the timeout, the coffee has no taste. It will only dilute Espresso. I've tried to keep it out of the water after the timeout and fill a cup. It tastes like charcoal.
First of all, we need to introduce that coffee should not be "boiled" but "brewed". To make coffee at home, you should use 92 to 96 degrees of water. If you really cook it, if you use water above 100 degrees, it will burn the taste of coffee (just like making tea).
Please find some coffee preparation methods that can be used at home below.
Pay attention to several points when making coffee at home:
1, use coffee powder suitable for your coffee practice (the unreasonable practice has the unreasonable thickness of coffee powder).
2, use 92-96 degrees of water. 175 ml of coffee (about 6 ounces, which most people think is the volume of a standard coffee cup) is prepared by using 10 grams of coffee through a small household coffee machine-coffee filter paper or a gold filter net. The dosage should be suitable for everyone's taste. Remember to only inject cold water into the coffee maker. If hot water is used, there is a danger of damaging the coffee maker.
3, the thickness of coffee powder: through the filter paper or boiler net: moderate coffee maker (also known as tea maker or press pot) French Press Coffee needs 10 grams of coffee per 175 ml of coffee. Be careful not to put too much water. It's best to add water to your coffee cup, and add as many cups of water as you need. Let the coffee soak for three to four minutes. Then put the compactor down. Adjust according to personal taste.
Coffee types (by origin)
Blue Mountain Coffee
Sour taste, sweet taste and bitter taste are very harmonious and have excellent flavor and aroma, which is suitable for making single coffee and moderate baking.
mandheling
The smell is mellow, the acidity is moderate, and the sweetness is rich and intriguing. It is suitable for deep baking and emits a strong fragrance.
Brazil Coffee
Sour and bitter taste can be blended by baking. Moderate baking has a soft aroma and moderate taste, while deep baking has a strong bitterness, which is suitable for blending mixed coffee.
Special Coffee
Mantelin with Brazil, fragrant and delicious, strong and tasteful, is a perfect match in coffee.
Mocha coffee
This kind has a unique aroma, moderate baking has a soft sour taste, while deep baking gives off a rich aroma, which is occasionally used as a wine mixer.
Colombian Coffee
It has a unique sour taste and mellow taste, a refreshing moderate baking taste, and a mature and thick deep baking, among which there is a faint unique flavor.
El Salvador coffee
It has the same taste characteristics as sour, bitter and sweet, and the best baking degree is moderate and deep.
Hawaii coffee
With strong sour taste and unique aroma, moderately baked beans have strong sour taste, and deeply baked flavor of by going up one flight of stairs.
Guatemala coffee
It is smooth and smooth with excellent sour and sweet taste, and is the best material for mixed coffee, suitable for deep roasting.
Jilimazaro, mt
Sour, sweet, pure and fragrant all belong to the top grade. After moderate baking, it will emit sweet and light sour taste, and after deep baking, it will produce soft bitter taste, which is suitable for blending mixed coffee.
Common coffee types
In 1685, Johannes Deodato, an Almunian, opened the first coffee shop in Vienna. Coffee, on the other hand, was a by-product of the second Turkish invasion of Vienna. In the 19th century, the Viennese coffee culture was better than blue in shine on you and developed rapidly. There are so many kinds of coffee provided by Viennese cafes, not to mention the people from China who come from afar, and even the Germans who live next to them are often at a loss. If you walk into a coffee shop and just want to have a cup of coffee, it's like walking into a newspaper shop and wanting to buy a newspaper, the seller will feel at a loss. Viennese are proud of the diversity of coffee culture. From the formula of coffee, cream, milk and wine, the Viennese have come up with dozens of ways to make it. Only the explanation of these different varieties can be written into a thick booklet. Therefore, we only introduce some of the most common coffees to you here, so that you can enjoy the coffee culture in Vienna with these coffees.
Large coffee/small coffee/espresso (grosser/kleiner brauner/schwarzer)
Italian coffee with a little cream or milk. Sugar depends on personal taste.
Milk coffee (Melange)
Half black coffee and half hot milk, and sometimes mixed cream. The utensils are large coffee cups. Authentic deployment method when Turks besieged Vienna in the 17th century.
Coffee with cream (Einstein)
Similar to espresso, coffee is topped with prepared cream. Sugar depends on personal taste.
Vienna iced coffee (Wiener Eiskaffee)
Cold coffee with vanilla ice cream and whipped cream. The vessel is a long goblet. Sugar depends on personal taste.
Cream hot cocoa (Heisse Schokolade mit Schlagobers)
Hot cocoa with prepared cream.
Caffeine in coffee is difficult to dissolve in cold water, but easy to dissolve in hot water. Caffeine can stimulate cerebral cortex, eliminate drowsiness, increase feeling and thinking, and can be used as a cardiotonic agent to regulate heart function. It also has the functions of dilating renal blood vessels and diuresis. However, it is not just coffee that contains caffeine. Usually a cup of coffee contains 60-65mg of caffeine. However, if you take too much caffeine, you are prone to tinnitus and myocardial hyperfunction (the heart beats rapidly and the pulse frequency increases). And uneven pulse, so you must drink coffee in moderation.
Coffee is recognized as a healthy drink, but drinking coffee must be reasonable and scientific in order to be beneficial to health, and it should be timely and appropriate.
Drinking a cup after getting up in the morning is to refresh your mind, and sipping at work during the day can refresh you. At this time, the coffee can be slightly stronger. It is better to drink coffee after meals or in the evening. Coffee or tea has a refreshing effect, but it is not suitable for drinking with meals and should be drunk after meals. Some friends like coffee very much, but they are afraid that they will get angry if they drink it often. We often see many people light coffee. This way of drinking coffee is not healthy. A cup of white water should be served with coffee, which has two advantages: first, take a sip of white water before drinking coffee to wash away the peculiar smell in your mouth, and then you will feel mellow. Second, because of the diuretic function of coffee, drink more white water, increase the amount of urination and promote renal function. In this way, you can not only taste the delicious coffee, but also don't have to worry about getting angry. It really kills two birds with one stone.
Black Coffee-the Best Health Messenger
The most beneficial substance in coffee is caffeine. Among the various ways of drinking coffee, drinking pure black coffee can best retain beneficial ingredients and is most beneficial to health. Here are some of its functions:
Refreshing caffeine stimulates the central nervous system to refresh the brain and improve work efficiency;
Caffeine stimulates gastrointestinal secretion of gastric acid to prevent gastroptosis.
Diuretic and dehumidifying caffeine can increase urine output and promote kidney function.
Linoleic acid contained in coffee for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis can hemolyze and prevent thrombosis, enhance vasoconstriction and reduce the probability of stroke.
Caffeine can inhibit parasympathetic nerve and reduce the onset of asthma.
Caffeine with odor removal contains tannin, which has a strong adsorption capacity for taste. If your home has just been renovated, make a pot of coffee indoors or put it indoors with cooked coffee beans, and the odor will be removed quickly.
Coffee can lose weight and resist aging. Light roasted coffee contains more caffeine, which is beneficial to lose weight. Black coffee has antioxidant effect, which is helpful for anti-cancer and anti-aging.
Drinking coffee in moderation is beneficial to human health. Usually, the human body can consume nearly 500 to 600 milligrams of caffeine every day, which is equivalent to about 5 cups of coffee. In this range, there will be no side effects. But the metabolism of pregnant women is a little slow, so drink less. Coffee is an indispensable healthy drink for us.
Coffee and health
When it comes to coffee, people will think of caffeine, which is a mild stimulant in coffee. It can improve the sensitivity and attention of the human body, accelerate the metabolism of the human body and improve the mental state and physical fitness of the human body. At present, caffeine has been found in about 60 species, among which tea and coffee are the most well known.
What kind of people are not suitable for drinking coffee
Coffee contains caffeine, and whether there is any reaction to caffeine depends on different people. For example, some people are allergic to pollen, while others are not suitable for eating seafood. And these two situations will not have any influence on most people like you and me. As for how much coffee to drink every day, in some coffee-consuming countries, people consume about 250-600 milligrams of caffeine every day on average. After repeated scientific research and analysis, this dose has no side effects on human body. Therefore, you can drink 4- 10 cups of instant coffee every day.
What effect does drinking coffee have on health?
Your main concern is whether the caffeine contained in coffee has an impact on health. In fact, caffeine is a mild stimulant in coffee, which can improve the sensitivity and attention of the human body, accelerate the metabolism of the human body and improve the mental state and physical fitness of the human body. At present, caffeine has been found in about 60 kinds of plants, among which tea and coffee are the most well known. In some coffee consuming countries, people consume about 250-600 milligrams of caffeine every day on average. After repeated scientific research and analysis, this dose has no side effects on human body.
How much coffee to drink every day is not excessive.
People often ask, how much coffee is excessive? In some coffee consuming countries, people consume about 250 to 600 milligrams of caffeine every day on average. After repeated scientific research and analysis, this dose has no side effects on the human body. Because the caffeine content in a cup of coffee (150ml) is generally:
-ground coffee: about 80-90 ml.
—— Instant coffee: about 60ml.
In some coffee consuming countries, people consume about 250-600 milligrams of caffeine every day on average. After repeated scientific research and analysis, this dose has no side effects on human body. The caffeine content in a cup of instant coffee (about 150 ml) is generally about 60 mg, so drinking 4- 10 cups of instant coffee every day will not be excessive.
The efficacy of coffee
Alcohol or tobacco can make people feel intoxicated and stimulated, and caffeine can also make people feel excited. Caffeine can stimulate the central nervous system or muscles, which can make muscles or fatigue recover, improve work efficiency, have a sober effect and make the brain more active and sensitive.
On the other hand, it can also improve the heart function, make the blood vessels dilate, the blood circulation is good, the headache is calm and the spirit is comfortable. There is also asthma that can suppress the excitement of parasympathetic nerves by stimulating sympathetic nerves. Other coffee also has the effect of helping digestion, especially when eating too much meat, which can promote digestion and prevent gastroptosis. Because caffeine can decompose fat, westerners must want to drink coffee after eating food with improved energy. Caffeine does not eliminate garlic flavor, but also contains betel nuts, so coffee is an indispensable drink after taste-compensated cooking.
In addition, coffee also has deodorizing effect. The residue brewed with ground coffee can be dried in a container, and can be used as a deodorizer in a refrigerator or a shoe box. Sprinkling on the ashtray can also eliminate tobacco bah. And coffee can also be used to hide the taste. For example, instant coffee is melted with boiling water, so that its taste can be stained with meat, and it can become a sweet and delicious meat dish.
Coffee contains a lot of caffeine, will it affect your health? Maybe some people will have such concerns. However, the amount of two to three cups of coffee is no problem. On the contrary, moderate drinking of coffee is effective for the body. Understand coffee correctly, so that everyone can drink happily and enjoy coffee time!
Coffee and the influence of people's emotions
Recently, Professor A.P.Smith of the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom published his ten-year report on the influence of coffee on the cranial nerves, especially the influence of coffee on discrimination. Measure their discrimination and alertness 30 minutes before and after drinking coffee. Smith found that after drinking a cup of coffee, they became more alert and more able to concentrate. Professor Smith said that coffee can really refresh you, especially when you don't have enough sleep, if a cold makes you sleep badly or suffer from insomnia, and you have to concentrate on going to work or coping with exams during the day, then drinking a cup of coffee will definitely promote your alertness and tide you over, and coffee will stay in the body for 2 to 5 hours, so coffee has a long-term refreshing effect. Further experiments show that the average person can absorb 300 milligrams (about three cups of brewed coffee) of caffeine every day, which will have the following influence on a person's alertness and mood. However, when the caffeine exceeds 400 mg (four cups), it will bring about side effects, such as bad mood and irritability, which will invade others and cause trouble. If you only want to ingest polyphenols from coffee for anti-oxidation, you only need to go to "fdecaf" coffee!
Studies have found that coffee drinkers are less likely to get Parkinson's disease. Scientists at the Veterans Management Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, found that people who don't drink coffee have a five-fold higher risk of Parkinson's disease than those who drink more than five cups of coffee a day. Researchers have followed more than 8,000 men for 30 years, and their findings have been published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Parkinson's disease (PD) is an senile disease with pathological changes of nervous system 6, and its typical symptoms include tremor, stiffness and decreased autonomic activity of limbs. It is not clear why researchers may reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease by drinking coffee at present. But they speculate that the caffeine contained in coffee may play a role in preventing the nerve cells that cause Parkinson's disease from being damaged. Scientists point out that their current results are preliminary and need further research to confirm. They stressed that it is too early to recommend drinking coffee as a treatment for Parkinson's disease.
Coffee and prevention of gallstones
Delicious coffee is a refreshing drink, and the latest research also found that every few cups of coffee can prevent gallstones. According to the latest issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers at Harvard University in the United States found that men who drink two or three cups of coffee are 40% less likely to get gallstones than those who don't drink coffee, and if they drink more than four cups of coffee a day, the number of gallstones will drop to 45%. However, decaffeinated coffee has no such effect. Only caffeinated coffee can stimulate gallbladder contraction and reduce cholesterol that is easy to form gallstones in bile. Other beverages such as tea and cola, which also contain caffeine, cannot achieve the same effect because the caffeine content is lower than that of coffee.
Antioxidant and Heart-protecting Function of Coffee
Besides refreshing, coffee contains polyphenols, which not only have antioxidant effect, but also have cardiovascular protection function. Recently, the symposium on food chemistry at the annual meeting of the American Chemical Society did have new scientific evidence to prove that coffee contains powerful antioxidants and has the function of protecting the heart and blood vessels. This study was conducted by the University of Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA. These polyphenols, sometimes called flavonids, are powerful antioxidants, which can resist oxidation and blood coagulation.
Coffee and Prevention of Radiation Injury
Radiation injury has become a prominent pollution and harm at present. Especially the radiation of household appliances: such as people who operate telephones for a long time, microwave ovens and televisions at home, etc. Especially for pregnant women, radiation has affected the health of the next generation. Reports in this regard are not uncommon. Indian scientists have found that coffee can protect experimental mice from radiation damage, and may also have the same effect on humans. Researchers at the Bhabha Atomic Research Center in India found that 70% of the experimental mice injected with caffeine were still alive after 25 days after receiving high-dose radiation that was generally lethal, while all the mice that were not injected died. Kaye Biliqiao, who led the research, said that this discovery may also be applicable to humans. He said: "Studies do show that coffee may help prevent injuries."
Will coffee cause calcium loss?
In recent years, Chinese people have paid more and more attention to the problems of calcium loss and osteoporosis, and they are also puzzled about coffee. As for the relationship between caffeine intake and osteoporosis, it is still under continuous study. At present, there is no direct evidence that caffeine will lead to osteoporosis, but some studies have pointed out that caffeine will increase calcium excretion. Therefore, it is suggested that coffee lovers should eat more high-calcium foods to supplement calcium, such as preparing cheese slices or cheese cakes with coffee, which can not only supplement calcium, but also make coffee more delicious.
Those people are not fit to drink coffee?
Patients with cerebral hemangioma are not suitable for drinking coffee, and patients with heart disease should drink coffee without or with low caffeine, because caffeine will increase the heart rate and cause heart hypoxia. In addition, patients with skin diseases and stomach diseases should drink less coffee as far as possible, so as not to worsen their condition due to excessive consumption. Diabetic patients should also avoid drinking coffee with too much polysaccharide, so as not to aggravate their condition. The US Food and Drug Administration (Fda) has issued a statement advising women who are pregnant or may be pregnant to reduce caffeine intake. Because pregnant women metabolize caffeine in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy about twice as fast as those who are not pregnant, and caffeine will also cross the placenta and enter the fetus, and it will also flow into the baby through breastfeeding. In addition, many studies have failed to prove that moderate caffeine will have adverse effects on the fetus, and there is no medical report prohibiting pregnant women from drinking coffee. It is still recommended that pregnant women and women who breastfeed themselves should be more cautious about caffeine intake. In short, if you find yourself feeling unwell after drinking coffee, you should stop drinking coffee for the time being, and then start with a small amount and change the drinking method.
Coffee is a beauty killer?
So far, no research results show that caffeine in coffee is harmful to beauty.
On the contrary, moderate caffeine can accelerate metabolism, promote digestion, improve constipation, and improve skin roughness.