1, ecological characteristics.
Penaeus vannamei is a tropical shrimp. The survival water temperature is 6-40℃, the growth water temperature is15-38℃, and the optimum growth water temperature is 22-35℃. The adaptability to low temperature is slightly poor, and the feeding activity is affected when the water temperature is lower than 15℃, and death occurs below 9℃. The shrimp has strong resistance to environmental changes, can grow in waters with salinity of 0.5 ‰-3.5 ‰, and can be cultured in pure fresh water after desalination. Dissolved oxygen should be above 5mg/L, and the minimum tolerance is1.2mg/L.. The adaptive range of pH value is 7.0-8.5, and the contents of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite should not be too high.
2. Desalination measures.
Before the seedlings are released, a certain area is surrounded by a film or colorful cloth in the corner of the pond, and the water depth is about 50 cm. Then, the water is adjusted to a salinity similar to that of the nursery with bittern or coarse salt. According to our practice, every 60 square meters of water surface is adjusted to the salinity difference of1‰ according to 50 kilograms of crude salt, and then the purchased shrimp seedlings are put into temporary cultivation, and after natural desalination for 7-10 days, the enclosure film or colorful cloth is removed for normal breeding.
3. Stock fry.
The stocking time of Penaeus vannamei is generally from mid-May to mid-July. Extensive: Generally, seedlings are released every 667 square meters 1 10,000-10.5 million, and the yield is about 100 kg. Intensive cultivation: about 30,000 seedlings are planted every 667 square meters, and the output is about 200 kilograms.
4. Feeding time and quantity.
Feeding Penaeus vannamei twice a day in the early stage of culture: 8 o'clock in the morning and 20 o'clock in the afternoon; Feeding bait three times a day in the middle period of culture: at 8 o'clock in the morning, at 19 in the afternoon and at 23 o'clock at night; In the late stage of culture, feed 4 times a day: 7: 00 am, noon 12, afternoon 19 and night 0: 00. The feeding amount is 8% of the shrimp weight in the early stage-10%; 6%-8% in the medium term; 4%-5% in the later stage. Sprinkle evenly at the edge of the pond, and the feeding amount at night accounts for 50% of the daily feeding amount.
5. Adjust the water quality.
The water color of Penaeus vannamei pond is yellow brown. In the early stage of aquaculture, the transparency is controlled at about 30 cm, and in the later stage it is about 40 cm. During the breeding period, fermented chicken, pig and cow dung should be added 1 time every week, with the dosage of 2.5-3.5 kg per 667 square meters.
6. Disease control.
Once Penaeus vannamei gets sick, it is very difficult to treat, so prevention should be given priority to. The main methods are as follows: Dibromohydantoin compound disinfectant is used every 10—— 15 days/time, and the dosage is 0. 1 g/m3, and the whole pool is sprinkled evenly; Treatment: use dibromohydantoin compound disinfectant 1 time, with the dosage of 0.2g/m3. If the condition is serious, use 1 time after changing some water every two days, with the dosage of 0.1g/m3.
7. Harvest and fishing.
The breeding period of Penaeus vannamei is 65-80 days, and the specification is 60-70/kg, so it can be put on the market for sale. Fishing method, can use shrimp cage net to catch, or dry pond to catch.