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Brief introduction of Huang Zuqia (why doesn't Huang Zuqia comment on the two bombs and one star meritorious medal)
Today, Xiaobian will share Huang Zuqia's knowledge with you, and will also analyze and answer why Huang Zuqia didn't comment on the two bombs and one star meritorious medal. If you can solve the problem you want to know, pay attention to this website.

This is unscientific. Didn't Deng Jiaxian or Qian Xuesen develop the first hydrogen bomb in China, I forgot? It's not Yu Min anyway. What's going on here?

In fact, as long as we sort out the scientific research directions led by Qian Xuesen, Deng Jiaxian and Yu Min, we can judge who is the "father of atomic bomb", "father of hydrogen bomb" and "father of ballistic missile".

Let's talk about Mr. Qian Xuesen first. The relationship is very simple.

Look at the famous picture below.

From left to right, grandmaster: seeder, apprentice: Qian Xuesen, master: von Carmen. (I don't know what Pelant and von Carmen do, please Baidu yourself. )

This picture is famous because it was taken by three generations of masters and apprentices of world aerodynamics at that time, and they represented the highest peak of world aerodynamics at that time.

Therefore, since Mr. Qian is their apprentice, he naturally has nothing to do with the radioactive physics of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, nor can he be the chief engineer who later presided over the development of atomic bombs or hydrogen bombs in New China.

In fact, Mr. Qian has always been the founder of the new China rocket and ballistic missile. (The rocket carrying research of nuclear bomb and hydrogen bomb is related to it, but the missile-ization of nuclear bomb is another story. )

To put it simply: Mr. Qian studies rockets. Atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs have nothing to do with him.

China's "two bombs" refer to atomic bombs and ballistic missiles. So Mr. Qian is engaged in one of them, ballistic missile research.

And Mr. Deng Jiaxian, his relationship is more complicated.

Mr. Deng Jiaxian is an out-and-out nuclear physics research major, and the theoretical research direction of the first atomic bomb in New China was also set by him in 1959, so it is no exaggeration to say that he is the father of the atomic bomb (one of them, and Mr. Qian Sanqiang). The correct theoretical direction saves a lot of time for the study of atomic bombs in the future.

After the success of the atomic bomb explosion, Mr. Deng led a team to participate in the research of hydrogen bombs. Why? Because the hydrogen bomb is ignited by an atomic bomb, if the atomic bomb is not done well and is not small, the hydrogen bomb will not be small, and the hydrogen bomb that is not small cannot be used as a weapon. Here, I would like to thank Mr. Deng for the theoretical direction he set before making the atomic bomb. Because of the right direction, the miniaturization of China's atomic bomb is going smoothly, which can detonate the inner core atomic bomb for the hydrogen bomb.

But the optical inner core is well done, and it is impossible to make a weapon-grade hydrogen bomb without designing the outer shell. Therefore, there is another person in the hydrogen bomb team who has put forward a revolutionary design direction for the shell structure. This man is Mr. Yu Min.

The "Yumin configuration" hydrogen bomb structure proposed by Mr. Yu Min creatively changed the hydrogen bomb structure, making China's hydrogen bomb independent of the T-U configuration in the world at that time, greatly reducing the volume and weight of the hydrogen bomb, and making the first hydrogen bomb in China have the performance of weapon-grade.

So even in the development team of hydrogen bombs, Mr. Deng led the whole team as the chief engineer, but in the structural theory of hydrogen bombs, Mr. Yu Min's scheme was adopted. (In fact, everyone in it is called "Deng-Yu configuration", which embodies Mr. Deng's miniaturized atomic bomb and Mr. Yu Min's hydrogen bomb structure. )

Although it is important for hydrogen bombs to miniaturize the inner core of atomic bombs, the shell configuration is equally important, but if we want to prioritize, there will be more shell configurations.

Therefore, based on this consideration, China's title of "Father of Hydrogen Bomb" naturally belongs to Mr. Yu Min. (After all, if the inner core can't be small, no matter how big the shell of the hydrogen bomb is, it can't make a weapon-grade hydrogen bomb. If the core is smaller and the shell is not configured correctly, the explosion is not a hydrogen bomb.

Then, based on the above reasons, how can Yu Min be unscientific because he is the "father of hydrogen bombs"?

If you don't pay attention to truth and facts, whether you come or not is a "no matter". If you don't think so, you will deny the truth. This is sophistry!

Who are the main figures involved in the development of China's nuclear-weapon hydrogen bomb?

Deng Jiaxian, Qian Sanqiang, Peng Huanwu, Cheng, Wang and others.

1, Deng Jiaxian.

Member of Jiu San Society, academician of China Academy of Sciences, famous nuclear physicist, pioneer and founder of nuclear weapons development in China, and made important contributions to the research and development of nuclear weapons and atomic weapons in China.

2. Qian Sanqiang.

After the Soviet government stopped its technical "assistance" to China, on the one hand, it quickly transferred a group of outstanding nuclear science and technology experts to the Second Machinery Department to be directly responsible for tackling key problems in all aspects of atomic bomb development; On the other hand, joint research with relevant leading organizations of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

3. Wang.

He participated in the experimental research and organizational leadership of China's atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb principle breakthrough and nuclear weapon development, and was one of the main founders of China's nuclear weapon development. He has won two first prizes in national natural science and one special prize in national scientific and technological progress.

4. Peng Huanwu.

He led and participated in the theoretical research and design of atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and strategic nuclear weapons. In neutron physics, radiation fluid mechanics, condensed matter physics, detonation physics and other disciplines, a series of theoretical achievements with important guiding significance for practice have been obtained, and a number of outstanding talents have been trained for China's nuclear cause.

5. Cheng Jiakai.

One of the pioneers in the development of China's first atomic bomb and one of the founders of China's nuclear weapons test. It is the first in China to calculate the core temperature and pressure of atomic bomb explosion. The study of its implosion mechanism solves the key problems of the atomic bomb and provides an important basis for the explosive power and structural design of the atomic bomb.

What was the name of China's first hydrogen bomb? Qiu Qiu music.

China's first hydrogen bomb had no name.

1June 1967 17, the first hydrogen bomb designed and manufactured by China was successfully tested over the western part of China. According to later memories, while China was vigorously developing the atomic bomb, scientists began to explore the principle of the hydrogen bomb at the end of 1960. At that time, Minister Liu Jie of Jill Department and Vice Minister Qian Sanqiang handed over the task of studying hydrogen bombs to Huang Zuqia, Yu Min, He Xiuxiu and others who worked in the Institute of Atomic Energy.

After the success of the first atomic bomb explosion, the team engaged in the early exploration of hydrogen bomb theory was transferred to the Theory Department of Chinese Academy of Sciences, where they joined the scientific and technological team to form a powerful fist for scientific research. The research building of the theory department is brightly lit every night. People often stay up late thinking about a problem; Scientists such as Peng Huanwu, Deng Jiaxian, Zhou, Yu Min gave reports one after another, and the lecture hall was often packed.

It took more than seven years for the United States, four years for the Soviet Union, four and a half years for Britain and two years and two months for China from the first atomic bomb test to the breakthrough of the hydrogen bomb principle. This is a speed that shocked the whole world.

Extended data

The development of hydrogen bombs;

1951May, the United States conducted a hydrogen bomb test at the Eniwetok Island test site in the Pacific Ocean. However, it is an extremely bulky (up to 62 tons) experimental device, which is placed on a steel frame of more than 60 meters. The device uses liquid deuterium as the raw material for nuclear fusion, and has a cooling system to keep deuterium at an extremely low temperature. Basically does not have actual combat value.

1In August, 953, the Soviet Union announced that the hydrogen bomb test was successful, with an equivalent of 400,000 tons. The Soviet Union was the first country to successfully put the hydrogen bomb into practical use. However, its structural problems caused the explosion to be relatively small.

1 954 March1day, the first practical hydrogen bomb (also a real hydrogen bomb) in the United States was successfully tested in Bikini Island. The predicted equivalent is 6 million tons, and the actual equivalent is as high as 6.5438+0.5 million tons. Subsequently, with the help of the United States, Britain conducted its first hydrogen bomb experiment on May 1957.

Reference: People's Daily Online-1967 June 17 _ Night tour to bask in badger hammers.

Resources Xinhuanet-the first hydrogen bomb (the "first" national defense chapter of new China)

Summary of Yu Min's deeds

Yu Min, a nuclear physicist, is the winner of the highest national science and technology award. 1987 was awarded the title of "National Model Worker". 20 15 won the highest national science and technology award 20 14. The following is an introduction to Yu Min's deeds shared by Bian Xiao. Welcome to read and learn ~

Introduction of Yu Min's deeds

20 14 National Science and Technology Awards Conference was held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Academician Yu Min, a famous nuclear physicist, a meritorious figure of "two bombs and one satellite" and the "father of hydrogen bombs" in China, won the highest national science and technology award in 20 14.

The highest national science and technology award is the highest among the five national science and technology awards in China. Review once a year, and no more than two individuals with outstanding scientific and technological achievements and great social contributions are selected each time. Only 24 famous scientists have won this honor before.

Academician Yu Min has retired from the front line of scientific research for 10 years. Why did he win the highest national science and technology award this year? This is mainly due to his leading role in the theoretical research and design of hydrogen bombs in China.

China achieved the fastest breakthrough from atomic bomb to hydrogen bomb.

As we all know, China has made the fastest breakthrough from atomic bomb to hydrogen bomb among the five nuclear powers.

As a pioneer, the United States spent seven years and three months from the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb (1945.7.15.1952.1.1), while its cold war rival, the Soviet Union, used it. Britain, a staunch ally of the United States, spent four years and seven months (1952.10.3-1957.5.15), and France spent eight years and six months (1960.2).

1967 June 17, China's first hydrogen bomb exploded successfully, only two years and eight months after the first atomic bomb exploded successfully.

Now some people on the Internet think that China's short time is a "late-comer advantage". However, in 1950s and 1960s, nuclear powers such as the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain kept the development of hydrogen bombs highly confidential, so China could not learn from the successful experience and data of other countries. France, a western country, took eight years to leap from an atomic bomb to a hydrogen bomb, which in itself is the biggest denial of the "latecomer advantage" of brain tonic.

If we must say that foreign experience is helpful to our country, it is that the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain, as pioneers, have informed the world that there are still hydrogen bombs, which are much more powerful than atomic bombs and adopt the principle of nuclear fusion, and that's all.

From atomic bombs to hydrogen bombs, superpowers such as the United States and the Soviet Union need a long time. The main reason is that the technical route is unknown and the calculation is complicated. In 1948, British scientist KlausFuchs first put forward the idea of radiation implosion to compress thermonuclear charge, but this idea was rediscovered by Americans in 195 1 year, which is the core element of the famous Teller-Ulam configuration of hydrogen bomb.

The Soviet Union didn't realize the key factors of radiation implosion until 1954, and successfully detonated the radiation implosion hydrogen bomb on1955+065438+1October 22nd. In addition, it should be pointed out that the RDS-6S hydrogen bomb that exploded in August 1953 in the Soviet Union 1953 adopted a "thousand-layer cake" configuration, which was not so much a hydrogen bomb as an enhanced atomic bomb. If RDS-6S can also be considered as a hydrogen bomb, then the United States successfully exploded this explosion-assisted enhanced atomic bomb containing fusion thermonuclear materials as early as 195 1; The successful time of China's first hydrogen bomb can also be considered as 1966.

Teller-Ulam configuration of hydrogen bomb uses atomic bomb (circle in the figure) to detonate nuclear fusion materials.

The "Melaleuca Cake" hydrogen bomb developed by the Soviet Union in the early days was only a booster-enhanced atomic bomb, but it was later abandoned.

Yu Min led the development of China's hydrogen bomb at the age of 35.

The development of China's hydrogen bomb began before the first atomic bomb exploded. At the end of 1960, under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang, China began to explore the theory of hydrogen bomb, and set up a "light nuclear reaction device theory exploration group" in the Institute of Atomic Energy, which was headed by Cai, Liu Xianhui and Sabenhao, and was later joined by He Xiuxiu. In order to strengthen the research strength of the light nuclear theory group, Huang Zuqia, the group leader, repeatedly suggested to Qian Sanqiang that Yu Min, a theoretical expert, be transferred. 196 1 year 1 month 12 was interviewed by Qian Sanqiang, and Yu Min joined the light nuclear theory group as the deputy head. At this time, Yu Min was only 35 years old.

At that time, there were only eleven or twelve people in the whole group, and the focus of China's nuclear weapons research at that time was to break through the atomic bomb. 95% of the workload of the only domestic electron tube computer is also used for theoretical calculation of atomic bombs. Huang Zuqia, the company leader, mainly studied atomic bombs, and Yu Min undertook the main research and organization work of the light nuclear theory group. Because electronic computers are mainly used in the development of atomic bombs, Yu Min and his team members have to use the slide rule to calculate, and have solved a lot of basic theoretical problems in their work for several years.

1964 After the successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China, the engineering development of the hydrogen bomb was quickly put on the agenda at the beginning of 1965, with the code "1 00", which means a hydrogen bomb with a total weight of about 1 ton and an explosion equivalent of110,000 tons. But the research of hydrogen bomb is complicated after all. Although China had already broken through the principle of explosive-boosting and energy-boosting atomic bomb as early as 1963, the principle of hydrogen bomb didn't make a key breakthrough until 1965. Therefore, it is necessary to plan the explosion of the atomic bomb and enhance the understanding of thermonuclear fusion according to the experimental feedback.

1964, China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully.

1965 10 In the process of making an academic report, Yu Min clarified his thinking and decided that increasing the density of thermonuclear fusion materials is the key to the development of hydrogen bombs-it is far from enough to increase the density only by explosives, but only by atomic energy. This is also the core element of the hydrogen bomb proposed by British scientist Klaus fuchs in 1948 and rediscovered by Americans in 195 1 year.

After several days of analysis and thinking, Yu Min came up with an ingenious design structure to reduce the energy loss of atomic bomb explosion and improve the utilization rate of compressed energy, and further proposed two models. 165438+1At the beginning of October, Yu Min and others verified the correctness of the theoretical model through calculation.

The basic idea of the hydrogen bomb principle proposed by Yu Min and others is to maintain the self-sustaining fusion of thermonuclear matter with atomic bombs. So the hydrogen bomb contains two parts: primary and secondary. The detonation part of an atomic bomb is called the primary, trigger or detonation stage, while the fusion part of thermonuclear materials is called the secondary, trigger or hydrogen bomb body.

Yu Min, with his extraordinary physical intuition, can sort out the clues and find the key in the complicated phenomena and data. Yu Min has made the most important contribution to many key issues in the development of hydrogen bombs, and is a well-deserved "father of hydrogen bombs" in China.

Yu Min broke through the hydrogen bomb theory, and at first he could only use the slide rule.

Since then, the development of hydrogen bombs in China has embarked on the fast track. 1On May 9th, 966, China's first enhanced atomic bomb exploded successfully, which provided measured data for the theoretical study of hydrogen bombs and improved the design of hydrogen bomb triggers. At the end of 1966, China's first hydrogen bomb nuclear trigger was frozen and entered the manufacturing stage. 1966165438+1October 28th, the principle test of hydrogen bomb was carried out in China, and the explosion equivalent was122,000 tons of TNT. In fact, it is a successful hydrogen bomb test in terms of principle, material and configuration, but it is only a verification test of the principle of hydrogen bomb, not the first officially prepared hydrogen bomb, and its explosive equivalent is also particularly limited.

1On June 7th, 1967, China completed the explosion of the first hydrogen bomb by air-dropping with Tu 16 bomber, with an explosion equivalent of 3.3 million tons, marking the final success of the "1 100" project.

There are only two configurations of hydrogen bombs in the world.

Yumin configuration is one of them.

Friends who like military may have heard the saying, "There are only two hydrogen bomb configurations in the world, and Yumin configuration is one of them."

This statement is slightly exaggerated, because in cutting-edge technology, all roads lead to the same goal, and the hydrogen bomb structures of major nuclear powers will soon become similar. But it can be said that only two countries in the world independently developed the hydrogen bomb, the United States was the first, and the other was China.

The famous Teller-Ulam configuration of hydrogen bomb mentioned earlier, that is, the fusion material of hydrogen bomb detonated by an atomic bomb as a trigger, is also the same as the configuration proposed by Yu Min. But to put it simply, in the 1950s and 1960s, physicists and nuclear scientists in the five major countries were racking their brains to find ways to detonate fusion materials.

What are the excellent qualities worth learning in Huang Zuqia?

Pay attention to seeking truth from facts. He thinks he can do whatever he wants in his position. In his mind, the so-called professionalism means valuing oneself and career. In the past, someone in Beijing Normal University suggested a series of famous teachers, but Professor Huang immediately disagreed with this idea. In his view, a famous teacher or masterpiece is the evaluation of the predecessors by future generations, not self-styled, nor can it be determined from a short-term behavior. In short, what we feel is an old man who is indifferent to fame and fortune. After the vicissitudes of the world, you can realize the realm of "not indifferent, not quiet, not far away" from him.

The biggest example of his indifference to fame and fortune is that he has been engaged in nuclear research for 30 years and is a hero of "two bombs and one satellite", but the military medal is not worn on his chest. He has no regrets about it. After several times of questioning, he just answered us with the mentality of "why paint a pavilion". He said: "There is a saying in" University ",the way of university, the knowledge of virtue, the innovation of people, stop at perfection."

As early as more than forty years ago, he became "Huang Lao" because of a joke that "the old man was too hasty". Unexpectedly, when The Collected Works of Huang Zuqia was published in issue 1994, Academician He Xiuxiu came out in the preface and made a "reversal" of "Huang Lao is not old". Because in the eyes of others, he is still an active figure, and his energy and influence are undiminished. No matter how old he is, Huang Zuqia has been working hard in scientific research and teaching, which is obvious to all. Since 1980 was transferred to Beijing Normal University, with profound knowledge, rich experience, keen scientific vision and democratic and rigorous academic attitude, he has devoted himself to the cultivation of master's and doctoral students, hoping to have successors beyond their generation and serve the Chinese nation. He is strict with young students, so he is criticized as a "schoolmaster". But after decades, many people turned to thank him for "earnestly seeking fire and sending Muduo with deep affection". Huang Lao is an "apricot altar" to his students, and dancing is also dancing. When the swallow leaves the nest, the good material moves abroad. "Gratitude and regret are reflected in it.

Professor Huang not only has outstanding achievements in nuclear physics, but also has high attainments in literary accomplishment. His five ancient poems, Lyric, are catchy, accurate in allusions, full of literary talent and lofty in artistic conception. Professor Huang showed us a book "Selected Compositions for Teenagers" collected by his mother (this is a copy, and the original is collected by the school). It can be seen that he behaved abnormally since he was a child, and many exercises were "copied and pasted". At that time, the teacher's comment "You have ambition" made him feel a lot when he revisited it.

A doctor sent a message to Mr.: "I work hard to tackle key problems and pave the way for the younger generation;" I planted countless branches along the way. Looking back, it has become a shadow. "When we said goodbye to the professor, it was nearly six o'clock in the evening, and he turned on the light again.

Who are the famous physicists in China?

1, Wu (1897- 1977), a native of Gao 'an, Jiangxi Province, was the earliest physicist with international reputation in China. He used to be Professor Tsinghua University and Professor The National SouthWest Associated University, and both were students in The National SouthWest Associated University at that time.

2. Qian Sanqiang, born in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 19 13, male, party member, nuclear physicist, academician of China Academy of Sciences. /kloc-returned to China in 0/948, and served as a professor of physics department in Tsinghua University, director of the Institute of Atomic Energy of Beiping Research Institute, director of the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (later renamed as the Institute of Atomic Energy), director and deputy secretary-general of the Planning Bureau, deputy director of the Second Machinery Department, vice president of China Academy of Sciences, chairman of Chinese Physics Society, honorary chairman of China Nuclear Society, and invited consultant of China Academy of Sciences. 1992 died.

3. Academician Huang Kun (male 19 19) was born in Beijing in September 2009. Academician Huang Kun is a world-famous physicist who has made many pioneering and significant contributions in the field of solid state physics. He is one of the founders of solid state physics and semiconductor physics in China. Huang Kun, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, died on July 6th, 2005 at the age of 86.

(1891-1968) Rao Yutai, a physicist and educator, is one of the founders of modern physics in China. The gas conduction process is studied, which makes an important contribution to the study of low-pressure mercury arc discharge mechanism. Important research results have been obtained in the aspects of inverted Stark effect and molecular spectrum. He devoted his life to physics teaching and scientific research in China. Founded the physics department of Nankai University; He served as the head of the physics department of Peking University for a long time, and made great efforts to build a research laboratory, which made the physics department of Peking University quickly rank among the forefront of domestic physics teaching and research. After teaching for more than 40 years, he has trained a number of well-known physicists at home and abroad, such as Guo Yonghuai, Ma, Yu Fuchun and Huang Kun, and made contributions to the development of physics in China.

5. Wang (1907 ~), a nuclear physicist in China. Born in Changshu, Jiangsu, China. 1929 graduated from Tsinghua University. 1934 received his doctorate from the university of Berlin, Germany, 1934- 1936 served as a professor in the physics department of Shandong university. 1936- 1950, professor and head of the department of physics, Zhejiang university. 1950- 1956, researcher, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 195 1 year later served as deputy director. 1956- 1960, researcher of Dubna Joint Nuclear Research Institute of the Soviet Union, 1959- 1960 served as deputy director until 1960 returned to China at the end of the year. 196 1 to 1978, vice president of the research institute of the second Ministry of Machinery Industry. 1978 to 1982 served as deputy minister of the second Ministry of Machinery Industry and concurrently as director of the Institute of Atomic Energy. 1982 deputy director of science and technology commission, honorary director and researcher of atomic energy research institute. 1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

6. Zhou (1929 ~) has made many important contributions in the field of theoretical physics. In particle physics, an important theorem of CP destruction is strictly proved. 1960 deduced the partial conservation theorem of pseudovector flow (PCAC), which greatly promoted the theory of weak interaction, so he was internationally recognized as one of the founders of PCAC. He first introduced the concept of spiral amplitude and its corresponding mathematical description; He also used the dispersion relation theory to do a lot of theoretical research work on very important photonuclear reactions. He organized and led many young people to do a lot of meaningful research work on the unification of interaction, CP destruction, coset gauge field, nonlinear σ model, effective Lagrangian theory, supersymmetry breaking, large-scale topological properties of quantum field theory and its relationship with anomalies. In condensed matter physics, the group he led developed the mathematical form of the unified theory of non-equilibrium state-closed-circuit Green's function method. He also participated in and organized the theoretical research, design and test of China's nuclear weapons. 1985 was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. He was the president of China Academy of Sciences and the president of China Association for Science and Technology.

7. Deng Jiaxian (1924- 1986) is a famous nuclear physicist and an academician of China Academy of Sciences. Deng Jiaxian is the main organizer and leader of China's nuclear weapons research and development, and is known as the "father of the two bombs". In the research of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, Deng Jiaxian led the basic theoretical research of detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state and neutron transport, completed the theoretical scheme of atomic bomb, and participated in guiding the detonation simulation test of nuclear test. After the success of the atomic bomb test, Deng Jiaxian organized forces to explore the design principles and selected technical approaches of the hydrogen bomb. He led and personally participated in the development and experiment of China's first hydrogen bomb in 1967. 1July 29th, 986, Deng Jiaxian died.

Mr. Huang Zuqia was born in Changsha, Hunan Province on June 1924, and graduated from the Physics Department of Tsinghua University on June 1948. He is one of the founders and pioneers of China's nuclear reactor theory. He is now an academician of China Academy of Sciences and honorary director of the Institute of Low Energy Nuclear Physics of Beijing Normal University.

9. Qian Xuesen (191.12.11-) did pioneering work in many fields of applied mechanics and rocket and missile technology in his early years. Many theories put forward by independent research and cooperation with von Carmen have laid the foundation for the development of applied mechanics, aviation engineering and rocket and missile technology. After returning to China, he served as the technical director of rocket, missile and satellite development for a long time, and made outstanding contributions to the establishment and development of China's missile and space industry. Creative research has been made in many theoretical fields, such as engineering cybernetics, systems engineering and systems science, thinking science and humanities, Marxist philosophy and so on, and great contributions have been made. 1956 won the first prize of Natural Science Award of China Academy of Sciences; 1985 won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress; 199 1 was awarded the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the first-class English Model Medal by the State Council and the Central Military Commission. Academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1994 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering.

10, Physics-a famous female physicist in China-Wu Jianxiong.

Wu Jianxiong (19 12- 1997) was born in Taicang, Jiangsu. Female. 1930- 1934 studied in the physics department of central university and obtained a bachelor's degree. Later, he went to the United States to study and received his doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley. 1958 was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences. 1975 was elected as the first female president of american physical society. /kloc-0 was hired as an honorary professor by his alma mater, Nanjing University in 1982, and/kloc-0 was awarded an honorary doctorate by Nanjing University in 1986. Every time I return to China, I will visit Nantah to give lectures and set up the Wu Jianxiong Yuan Jialiu Scholarship in Nantah. "Parity is not conserved under weak interaction" and "conservation law of β decay vector flow" have been verified by experiments. 1990 The Purple Mountain Observatory of Chinese Academy of Sciences named the asteroid with international number 2752 as "Wu Jianxiong Star". 1994 was elected as the first foreign academician of China Academy of Sciences.