In the greenhouse greenhouse vegetable planting, in the end how to apply bottom fertilizer is reasonable? Because in the actual field guide, found that many farmers engaged in vegetable greenhouse planting friends, asked what stubble with what bottom fertilizer? There is no one can say clearly. Therefore, it is necessary to greenhouse vegetable planting bottom fertilizer application to everyone in detail.

A greenhouse vegetable planting the importance of bottom fertilizer

The bottom fertilizer is the basis of vegetable growth, we farmers friends know the importance of bottom fertilizer. It can be said that the planting of facility vegetables, from the bottom of the fertilizer. Farmers say? A bottom top three chase? , said the bottom of the fertilizer application is good, three times the role of fertilizer can not catch up with it. So, no matter which stubble of vegetables, no matter what varieties of vegetables, whether it is greenhouse or open field cultivation, the most important time to fertilize is the application of bottom fertilizer.

But in the actual cultivation management, the bottom of the fertilizer application of misunderstanding is also the biggest. We often say that thirty percent of the yield of greenhouse vegetables to see the bottom of the fertilizer, why? This is because the importance of the bottom of the fertilizer is mainly reflected in the following four aspects: one is the bottom of the fertilizer can be supplemented at any time the supply of nutrients; the second is the bottom of the fertilizer is long-lasting; the third is the bottom of the fertilizer is used reasonably, the utilization of the rate is high; the fourth is the bottom of the fertilizer is the key to improve the soil .

The above four advantages are the fertilizer can not be replaced, why the current soil deterioration problem is more prominent, there is a core reason is that we are from the bottom of the fertilizer application is not reasonable, so the bottom of the reasonable application of fertilizer has become particularly important.

Second, the choice of the type of fertilizer

To be able to shed vegetables high yield, high quality, in the choice of the type of fertilizer must be full. That is, all aspects should be matched to, to include four types of fertilizers, namely: organic fertilizers, biofungal fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and micro-fertilizers. These four types of fertilizer is indispensable, because each kind of fertilizer has the role of each kind of fertilizer.

What needs to be specially explained here is the use of organic fertilizer. Because of the mention of organic fertilizer, in our vegetable farmer's consciousness, organic fertilizer is manure, there used to be a farmer's proverb? Planting without manure, you are blind nonsense?

In protected cultivation, soil salinization is a very prominent problem. There are two sources of its salt content: one is chemical fertilizer, which is itself an inorganic salt; the other source of salt is the use of manure. In the case of open field cultivation, you can be able to drench it by raining and watering heavily, but in the shed, it is very difficult to reduce the salt in the soil by drenching.

As long as it is protected cultivation, whether it is greenhouse, cold shed or other, manure should be banned. Whether it's chicken manure, sheep manure, pig manure, etc., as long as it's livestock manure, it's not recommended, why? It is not the use of organic fertilizer is wrong, but now the livestock, most of them are large-scale farming, as long as the large-scale farming are using feed, feed more salt.

A professional organization has done testing, a party of chicken manure salt content can reach 5 to 7 kg, and the salt component is sodium chloride, we have a common sense, in the greenhouse vegetable cultivation, basically do not use chlorine fertilizer, this is because chlorine ions, sodium ions are our vegetable crops do not need, and sodium chloride will only aggravate the soil EC value, no matter how to deal with the salt is in it.

Perhaps a vegetable farmer friend is going to ask, after the manure ban, vegetables still how to plant? First of all, we need to understand a in the end, the purpose of using manure is what? The purpose of using manure is only to supplement organic matter, supplement nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, supplement trace elements, why must we use manure to supplement? We can absolutely supplement through other means. One of the most developed countries in the world in terms of agriculture is the Netherlands, where vegetables can be grown without soil as long as they are cultivated in greenhouses, and high yields and high quality can still be achieved.

What can I use to replenish organic matter if I can't use manure? The first thing you need to do is to use commercial organic fertilizers alone. The answer is no, commercial organic fertilizer can replace manure to supplement the organic matter, but can not replace the manure in the carbon source. To replace manure, the best recommended solution is straw + commercial organic fertilizer + bacterial fertilizer.

Straw from the utilization, from high to low are rice husk, wheat bran, peanut shells, crushed corn cobs, mushroom residue after planting mushrooms, corn stalks. Since corn stover generally carries the eggs of mites and thrips, it can be smothered outside the shed in advance if you want to use it, with the aim of killing the eggs and reducing the base of pathogenic bacteria.

The dosage of straw is 3~5 square meters per acre, and the maximum dosage can be increased to 6~8 square meters, which is not the more the better, as long as it is guaranteed not to carry insect eggs, it can be used directly into the ground. The benefits of using straw are mainly in the following aspects: first, loosening the soil to solve the problem of knots; secondly, straw fermentation process can absorb some of the salt ions; thirdly, improve the soil structure, because straw in the process of maturation will promote the formation of soil granular structure.

Three, the principle of fertilization

Greenhouse greenhouse vegetables, fruit and vegetable fertilizer principle is? Turn the whole field, directional fertilization? That is to say, turn over the ground without fertilizer, only the straw into the ground to spread evenly after turning over the ground, and then planted in what place, in the ridge as a border when the concentration of fertilizer, concentrated fertilizer is designed to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. Of course, if the planting is leafy vegetables, the whole garden spreading, no problem, but if it is fruit and vegetables, walkway large rows do not need to fertilize.

1, organic fertilizer

Organic fertilizer is the most critical core is the raw material, be sure not to use manure fermentation as raw material, because the current problem of desalination is still can not be solved, therefore, it is not recommended to use a cheap organic fertilizer, with more easy to cause soil salinization. It is recommended to use food scraps as raw material for commercial organic fertilizer, according to the different stubble, the dosage is also different. Generally speaking, winter and spring stubble per mu with commercial organic fertilizer 80 to 100 kg; overwintering stubble per mu with 140 to 160 kg.

2, fungal fertilizer

In the choice of fungal fertilizer, if it is planted for less than 5 years of the shed, you can not use fungal fertilizer. But if it is more than 5 years of planting time, and soil-borne diseases are more serious, we must pay attention to the supplementation of biological bacterial fertilizer. An acre of 40 to 80 kilograms can be.

3, inorganic fertilizer

Inorganic fertilizer is also what we call compound fertilizer, in the selection of inorganic fertilizer, the core of its 3 aspects:

(1) the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

In the selection of inorganic fertilizer, according to the type of vegetables grown to Choose the type of inorganic fertilizer, and there is the biggest misunderstanding is that many vegetable farmers like to use balanced compound fertilizer, which is what we call ? Fool's fertilizer? The biggest misunderstanding is that many vegetable farmers like to use balanced compound fertilizer, which is what we call "fool's fertilizer", what kind of vegetables are applicable, and what kind of vegetables are not applicable, because there is always 1~2 content will be related to the needs of vegetables, but there is always 1~2 content will be exceeded.

Fruit and vegetables: fruit and vegetables are recommended to choose low nitrogen (8~10 nitrogen), medium phosphorus (15 phosphorus or so), high potassium (20 potassium or so) of the compound fertilizer, can effectively avoid the problem of plant futility, 25 kilograms of about a mu of land; leafy vegetables: recommended to choose high nitrogen (20 nitrogen or so), low phosphorus (5 phosphorus), low potassium (5 potassium) of the compound fertilizer, 25 kilograms of about a mu of land.

(2) slow-release fertilizer

The purpose of applying bottom fertilizer is to have a long holding period and be able to provide a continuous supply of nutrients for the growth of vegetables. Therefore, for fruit vegetables, to choose a good slow-release compound fertilizer; and for leafy vegetables, due to the short growing period, so to choose a good quick-acting compound fertilizer.

(3) Fertilizer utilization should be high

Fertilizer utilization is an important measure of good and bad fertilizers, high utilization rate of fertilizers are easily absorbed, while low utilization rate of fertilizers is not easy to be absorbed, prone to the formation of soil salinization. Therefore, when choosing to choose a high utilization rate of fertilizer as a bottom fertilizer, preferably added amino acids and other organic fertilizers containing composite fertilizer.

4, trace elements

The trace elements involved in the middle and trace elements. Medium elements are calcium, magnesium, sulfur, sulfur does not need to supplement, because we use compound fertilizer inside most of the potassium sulfate, sulfur is enough; trace elements inside iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, chlorine, chlorine does not need to supplement, even if a bit of chlorine is not used, the ground will only be more than the lack of because we used too much manure in the past.

The most important element to be supplemented is calcium, and the most important element to be supplemented is boron. So, if you do a base fertilizer, just supplement the calcium and boron, and that's enough, nothing else is a big problem. It is recommended to supplement irrigation-grade calcium nitrate, 4 kilograms per acre, and boron fertilizer can be applied into 1 kilogram of borax per acre can be enough.

In greenhouse greenhouse vegetable cultivation, it can be said that the application of bottom fertilizer both on the growth of vegetable plants as well as yield quality, have an important role. Therefore, in the application process of bottom fertilizer, vegetable farmers should abandon some traditional concepts, so that the application of bottom fertilizer is more scientific and reasonable, and then lay a solid foundation for obtaining high-yield and high-quality vegetables.