The methods of planting Illicium verum mainly include the following points:
1. Seed selection and seed treatment: select excellent Illicium verum varieties, and usually select robust mother trees with 20-50 years old, vigorous growth and high yield over the years as the object of seed collection. In the middle and late October of 10, when the fruit of Illicium verum turns from green to yellow and the petal has not cracked, it can be picked. And remove small fruits, achenes and irregular fruits, and select trees and fruits. Good varieties and strong seedlings are the basic conditions for high yield of Illicium verum. The seeds collected too early or too late will not be of good quality and are not suitable for cooperative planting. Spread the recovered fruit indoors to dry, and turn it 1-2 times a day to prevent the seeds from getting hot. After 3-4 days, the fruit can be collected gradually, or you can peel the seeds with a knife or a chip cutter to avoid damaging the seed coat. In frost-free areas, the seeds should be sown with the seeds. If you choose to sow in spring, you should do a good job of heat preservation and moisture preservation, and it is usually better to choose fine sand for sand storage. If it is used far away, it should be packed in a box according to the ratio of fine sand to seeds of 5∶ 1, then poured out, dried indoors in the shade, kept warm and moisturized by sand storage, and can be planted and raised when the temperature rises to 10- 15 degrees Celsius.
2. Soil preparation and sowing: It is better to choose the yellow mud mountain with good drainage and rich and deep soil layer for planting Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Leave a sidewalk about 30 cm in the border. When preparing the soil, dig the border with a height of 17-20 cm, a depth of 18-20 cm and a width of 1 m.. Use turf marl or compost 22.5-25t/ha. Generally, for frost-free areas, it is better to choose sowing from 1 February to the next year1month; In areas with frost, it is better to sow in February-March when the temperature rises above 12 degrees Celsius. We should choose the method of drilling, with the spacing between furrows and plants of 2-3 cm, the depth of 3-4 cm, the row spacing of 15-20 cm, and the amount of seeds used for sowing is usually 90- 120 kg/ha. After sowing, cover the burnt turf mud, and cover the yellow fine mud of 1.5 cm.
3. Cultivate strong seedlings: Generally, the seeds can germinate and be unearthed about 20 days after the star anise is sown. At this time, the thatched grass can be uncovered and a shade shed with a height of 70 cm in the north and a height of 1 m in the south can be built. Picking up the fallen broken grass should be watered frequently, usually in the morning and evening, which can keep the border moist. During the growth of Illicium verum, we should loosen the soil, fertilize and weed, and prevent and control pests and diseases in time. Generally, urea or diluted human waste urine can be used for topdressing, and when the height of Illicium verum seedlings reaches 2-3cm, the first fertilization is performed 1 time, the second fertilization is performed when10-12cm, and the third fertilization is performed when15-20cm. When topdressing, the dosage of urea is: 1 time, 200 grams of urea fertilizer is mixed with 50 kilograms of water to dissolve and spray seedlings; Use 300g of urea for the second time; Use 500g of urea for the third time; The amount of water added for the 2nd-3rd time is the same as that for the 1 time. In the spring of the following year, the height of the Illicium verum seedlings reached 40 cm, and the seedlings could be drenched before the new terminal buds sprouted, and then the seedlings were raised for planting.
4. Site selection and clearing: Illicium verum should be planted on the north slope of hilly and mountainous areas with undulating terrain and relatively sheltered from the wind, and the soil layer is deep, fertile and loose, and the irrigation is convenient. Usually, Illicium verum trees can take advantage of their shading effect under natural miscellaneous forests, so when cleaning the forest land, only shrubs, vines and small trees at the lower level need to be removed, and unified planning should be carried out to carry out strip soil preparation or full reclamation soil preparation. The main roots of Illicium verum are not deep, and the lateral roots are mostly distributed within 50 cm in the soil layer. It is a shallow-rooted tree species with fragile branches, so it is not suitable for planting Illicium verum in the place where strong winds blow.
5. Planting and afforestation: Illicium verum young trees like shade, and can be planted under the forest by using residual forests, miscellaneous trees and shrubs. The best afforestation time of Illicium verum is around the great cold. Usually, the plant spacing of Illicium verum is 4m, the row spacing is 5m or the plant spacing is 3m, the row spacing is 4m, and the planting density is 750 trees/hectare. Dig a hole with a depth of 30cm and a width of 40cm, and use compound fertilizer of 0.5-1.0kg/hole. It is best to plant Illicium verum on the same day. If it cannot be planted immediately, it should be dipped in yellow mud in time and then transported to the afforestation site for afforestation. In order to improve the survival rate of Illicium verum afforestation, it is best to choose rainy days for afforestation, and the survival rate can reach 85%-90%. The depth of planting is 2-3 cm from the soil cover to the root neck.
6. Forest management: (1) Young Illicium verum forest tree management is pruning and shaping. Pruning and shaping of Illicium verum can usually be carried out when the height of young forest reaches1.5-2.0m. It is only necessary to promote the branching of Illicium verum and keep the number of branches at 2-3/plant, and to cut off the overgrown branches, cross branches and upright branches, dead branches, over-dense branches, pests and diseases, delicate branches and so on from the base of Illicium verum. The second is to do a good job of shading and moisturizing. An important task in the management of Illicium verum young forest is to cover most of the bare open space. Natural plants such as weed bushes and miscellaneous forests can be used as shade trees to achieve the purposes of balancing soil temperature, keeping forest land moist, preventing sunburn and reducing soil erosion.
(2) The management of Illicium verum forest is pruning and shaping. Cut less or no sparse branches, properly re-cut the inner branches with few fruiting, too dense or lower part of the crown, lightly cut the outer branches or middle and upper branches of the crown, and re-cut the branches with many dry branches and abnormal growth and development. The work of cutting off the top and removing the top buds can usually be carried out 3-4 years after planting, and leaves can be picked and steamed after 4-5 years. The second is reclamation. Reclamation can change the soil structure of Illicium verum, so as to supplement the water in the soil and promote the normal differentiation of flower buds and the growth and development of young fruits. Reclamation usually takes 3-4 years 1 time.
7. Scientific fertilization: The best time to fertilize Illicium verum is February and June every year. Spring fertilizer can promote the long shoot of Illicium verum, and summer fertilizer can promote the vigorous growth of Illicium verum. Fertilization is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, and compound fertilizer can be applied to young Illicium verum forest over 3 years old. For 1-2-year-old trees, 50-150g/plant is applied annually, and compound fertilizer100-200g/plant and urea150 are used for 3-year-old trees each time. Usually, the young Illicium verum forest with fertilization is 2-3 years earlier than that without fertilization. For the forest of Illicium verum, special fertilizer for Illicium verum should be used for fertilization, which can increase the yield by 25%-44% and is suitable for Illicium verum over 7 years old. 0.5- 1.0 kg/plant each time. In addition, compound fertilizer should be applied 1-2 times a year, and the amount of fertilizer applied each time is 0.5- 1.0 kg/plant. The use of special fertilizer and compound fertilizer is carried out by furrow covering soil, and the yield increase effect is obvious.
8. Prevention and control of pests and weeds: Common pests and diseases of Illicium verum include Illicium verum anthracnose, Illicium verum filariasis and Illicium verum leaves. In the prevention and control of Illicium verum anthracnose, in order to effectively reduce the source of the disease, the infected branches and leaves can be completely removed and burned centrally. Spraying 0.5% Bordeaux solution at the initial stage of onset for prevention and treatment. In order to improve the disease resistance of Illicium verum, phosphorus, potassium and farmyard manure should be used more. In the prevention and control of Myxomycetes anisi, it is advisable to spray the water with Yechan Powder EC or 203 EC. After spraying, the Myxomycetes are frightened and fall down along the silk, and then spray the Myxomycetes on the ground again 1 time. In the control of Illicium verum, 80% trichlorfon or 80% dichlorvos EC can be sprayed with water. Weeds are easy to consume nutrients and water in the soil, so intertillage and weed the Illicium verum at least twice a year 1-2, which can be carried out in 1-2 and May-June respectively. For the land with light grass damage, weeding can be carried out manually; In the land with a large area of grass damage, glyphosate can be directly used for chemical weeding, and attention should be paid not to harm the octagonal seedlings.
The above is the planting method of Illicium verum. I hope it can help everyone. I wish everyone can plant Illicium verum with strong fragrance!