First, create a pleasant environment for manual activities and stimulate children's interest in manual activities.
Tolstoy once said: "Successful teaching needs not coercion, but arousing students' interest." "Interest is the best teacher. "It is very important to stimulate children's interest in craftsmanship. With strong interest, children will take the initiative to participate and actively participate. Kindergarten environment is a hidden curriculum, which plays a subtle role in the formation of children's emotion, character and personality. In order to cultivate children's interest in manual activities, we pay attention to creating a pleasant manual activity environment for children. It includes material environment and spiritual environment.
1, physical environment.
In order to let children feel the beauty and interest of various handmade works, my colleagues and I collected some attractive paper stickers, environmental protection works made of waste materials, origami paper-cut works and so on. , and posted in classrooms, corridors and corners to create a pleasant atmosphere for children's manual activities, so that children can actively appreciate, understand, feel and discover. For example, in order to give children an immersive feeling, I cut and paste beautiful flowers with red paper, stick cute little frogs with green paper, fold a lot of fish with colored paper, make a string of wind chimes with a small jelly river, and ring bells with tape paper cores to decorate the activity area. When the children walked into such a classroom, their attention was deeply attracted at once and they couldn't help shouting, "Wow! How beautiful! Ah! How beautiful! " They will touch and play with their little hands, "Look! It is made of the core of a roll of paper ","and a jelly box ","Wow! Useless waste can also be made into beautiful works. He also said, "If only I could make such beautiful things! "Obviously, they like these works. Because of the environment, children's visual perception of beauty is strengthened, children's sensitivity to beautiful things is cultivated, children's curiosity and enthusiasm are fully mobilized, and children's interest in manual activities is greatly improved.
2. Mental environment. Teachers guide children to think and judge for themselves, establish a democratic and equal partnership between teachers and students, respect children's time control, and leave children time for their own activities; Respect children's hands-on rights and don't replace them; Respect children's right to speak, allow children to express their opinions and respect children's right to make suggestions; Respect children's right to work and evaluate children's works democratically and fairly. Teachers treat children's performances with a deep love and create a safe, free, tolerant, understanding, encouraging and supporting spiritual environment for children.
Second, from the reality of life, from simple to complex, step by step, acquire manual activity skills.
Mr. Tao Xingzhi pointed out that children can only succeed if they do it, and giving them opportunities to do it can satisfy their curiosity. Hands-on ability is also gradually enhanced, but the speed at which each child accepts new things is different, and there are differences between them. Their understanding of manual activities is also half-baked. Therefore, when children have a certain interest, they should learn some basic skills. Only by mastering the basic methods can they carry out manual activities better.
1. Learn basic skills with games.
Whether manual activities can be carried out smoothly must also master some basic manual skills. Because manual activities integrate various skills such as folding, cutting, tearing, pinching and pasting, cutting also includes folding, visual cutting, multi-folding cutting, hollowing-out cutting and folding cutting. So, I use all kinds of waste paper, through simple techniques, let children learn to tear, fold, cut and paste, from shallow to deep, from easy to difficult, and put forward new requirements step by step, so that children can gradually improve their operational skills in manual activities. For example, in order to practice the skill of tearing noodles, I designed the activity of "tearing noodles". I told my children in vivid language: "Please cook noodles as a pastry chef today and see which chef cooks long and thin noodles." The children were very happy and started to operate with an advertising paper in their hands. When bowls of slender noodles were displayed, the children were inexpressibly happy. With the gradual mastery of basic skills, children's works have gradually increased. The "cute little fish" made of advertising paper and the "rain" torn by newspapers ... one piece of work seems immature, but it makes them feel the happiness of success.
2, from simple to difficult, pay attention to step by step
There are some differences among children, and their mastery of manual activities skills is also different. When I make a plan, I will put forward new requirements step by step according to the characteristics of children's own development, from easy to deep, from easy to difficult, so that every child can acquire different degrees of skills in making handmade works. I asked the children with weak ability to cut some relatively simple objects first, and then they developed from simple objects to more complex objects. Gradually, they mastered some basic methods. Then I instructed the children to make simple paper stickers, such as making paper stickers "flowers". The children with strong ability choose to draw the whole flower on colored paper, and then cut the flowers off the paper and stick them on the floor. A child with average ability can't draw a complete flower because of his poor drawing foundation, so I asked him to cut some circles, and several small circles together are also a flower. Later, they were asked to apply decals with leftover melon seeds. Although the latter's works are so simple and fragmentary, they also taste the feeling of success and have confidence in manual activities.
3. Give enough time to encourage bold innovation.
Children have mastered certain skills and accumulated certain perceptual experience. After the teacher's inspiration and guidance, they can plug in the wings of imagination and let the fairy tale world in their minds show their best side. As a teacher, we should determine the theme, teach children how to make it, and let children design their own content and create pictures. For example, to make flowers, let the children cut and paste a flower, which can be a big flower or a small flower. At first, children's works were all single, and only one object appeared in a handmade work. I let the children observe their work and think about how to make it more beautiful. Inspired by me, the children came up with the idea of adding a flower, cut out beautiful butterflies and other contents with sugar paper, and designed pictures such as "three butterflies" and "small garden", which gradually changed from intentional and unconscious cutting to intentional and conscious cutting and pasting. In the step-by-step learning process, children not only mastered the basic skills, but also gave full play to their imagination, making their works fuller.
Third, organize * * * to share with each other and experience success and happiness.
Sharing is an indispensable part of children's social development. As a complete child, learning to cooperate and share with others is also a necessary condition for children to grow up. When children have made distinctive works through their own efforts, won the praise of teachers and the envy of classmates, and experienced the happiness of success, their interest in manual activities will become stronger and stronger. If badminton is the same, why do some children use it as a beautiful "peacock" and some children use it as a "bat"? They are also "peacocks". Why are some children made of disposable cups and some children made of waste gloves? I organize children to exchange their thoughts and expressions with their peers. Through communication, children not only learn and improve their own production skills and strategies, but also feel the joy and happiness of success.
Fourth, correct evaluation and encourage innovation.
Tao Xingzhi once pointed out that "let children play their creativity in the process of hands-on." The basic way to cultivate children's creativity is to liberate the space and time of children's thoughts, hands, eyes and mouth. "After each activity, I will put the children's successful and creative works in the corner of the' Little Hands' area or post them in other activity areas to guide them to appreciate each other, and invite children from other classes to enjoy them in our class, so that children can inspire each other and form a positive and enterprising learning atmosphere. Once, I asked my children to make a handmade piece of clip art "Bug" and let them stick their own works on the wall to see who looks best. As a result, some children found out, "Teacher, how many bugs does he have", "How many of her bugs wear skirts" and "I want to put more on his glasses" ... The children's imagination is very rich.
Admittedly, their handmade works can't be as skilled as adults. Therefore, when evaluating children's works, teachers should see that even if the production is not perfect, as long as the ideas are novel and creative, the information is properly used, and the emotions and skills are natural, they should be considered as excellent works. It is not appropriate to take the level of production skills as the standard to measure the level of children's handmade works.
Teachers should carefully grasp the evaluation link, according to the actual level of children, give affirmation to children with strong ability, praise children with progress, and encourage children with poor ability. In this way, every child has confidence in himself and is interested in handicrafts. The evaluation of children's works in the new syllabus is also discussed in depth. The outline points out that teachers should pay more attention to children's inquiry process while evaluating their opponents' homework.
Practice has proved that children have a positive learning enthusiasm and a strong thirst for knowledge about lively and interesting manual labor protection. They will take the initiative to explore and think positively, and form good study habits that love to use their brains and explore. Therefore, we should actively stimulate children's interest in learning to participate in manual activities through various channels, so that the kinetic energy of manual activities in kindergartens can better play its educational role.