The grouper, also known as the grouper, belongs to the order Perciformes, the body is long oval and slightly flattened laterally, the mouth is large, with auxiliary maxillae, the teeth are fine and pointed, some of them are enlarged into canine teeth. The body is covered with small pectinate scales, sometimes often buried under the skin; dorsal and anal fin spines are well developed. The caudal fin is rounded or concave. The body color varies a lot, often brown or red, with stripes and spots, for warm-water large and medium-sized marine fish.

Grouper is rich in nutrients, and its meat is tender and white, similar to chicken meat, which is known as "chicken meat". Grouper is a low-fat, high-protein edible fish, Hong Kong and Macao as one of China's four famous fish, is a high-grade feast essential delicacies. Grouper roasted taro, originally a common dish in Shengsi fishing area, has become a precious dish that is famous both at home and abroad.

Grouper (2) Red-spotted grouper dorsal fin Ⅺ, 16, dorsal fin base with a black spot, body tan,

head, body, odd fins have a lot of orange-yellow spots (immersion specimens become white). Warm-temperate pelagic fish. Adults feed on fish, shrimp, and crabs. Hermaphrodites, females mature first, most sexually mature at age 3, changing from female to male at 231-295

mm in body length. Most of the 6-year-old fish (individually 5-year-old fish) body length of 340 to 400 millimeters, absolute fecundity of 100,000 to 250,000 grains, spawning period of May to September, the peak period of May to June. Meat

Tasty, exportable, is a valuable fish, now artificial reproduction, is the net box and shallow sea aquaculture objects. Distributed in Taiwan, China, the East China Sea, the South China Sea, as well as India and Japan.

(3) The green grouper has a number of orange-red spots on the lower part of the body, and six dark brown vertical stripes on the side of the body, with the widest intervals between the 3rd

and 4th bands; only the caudal fin has spots. Warm-water pelagic fish. Juveniles feed on plankton, adults feed on fish, shrimp and crabs. Females and males are homozygous, females are sexually mature first, and sex

reverses at 250-400 millimeters in body length, while males are sexually mature at 6 years of age (5 years of age individually). Absolute fecundity of 80,000 ~ 250,000 grains, spawning period from late May to July, 20 ℃ began spawning, 22 ~ 24 ℃ bloom, producing floating eggs. Water temperature

22～25℃, it takes 23～30 hours to hatch out the young. Meat flavor is delicious, for the valuable fish, live fish sold in large quantities to Hong Kong and Macau. For China and Southeast Asia shallow sea aquaculture objects, can be used in the net box culture; distributed in China Taiwan

Bay, the East China Sea, the South China Sea, as well as Japan.

(4) Slant-banded grouper has an extended body, which is brownish-brown on the back of the head and body, and white on the underside of the abdomen;

numerous orange-brown or reddish-brown dots are distributed in the middle of the head, body, and fins; there are 5 large, irregular, intermittent, and abdominally divergent black spots on the body; the first one is on the underside of the front dorsal fin spine, and the last one is on the caudal

shank; Two black spots are on the middle gill cover, while the other one or two are on the border junction of the secondary and middle gill covers. Orange spots turn brown when exposed to air and become fuzzy in preservative.

The oblique grouper is often found along continental coasts and large islands, but can also be found in estuaries and in waters up to 100 meters deep offshore. The main breeding period is from March to June. Females mature at 25 to 30 centimeters in full length (2- or 3-year-old fish), while sexual transformation often occurs at 55 to 75 centimeters in length. Fertility is estimated at 850,000 grains in a 35-cm fish and about 2.9 million grains in a 62-cm fish.

The grouper prefers to inhabit sea areas with rocky, gravelly, and coral reef substrates near coastal islands, and generally does not form

groups. The habitat layer rises and falls with the change of water temperature. Spring and summer distribution in the water depth of 10 to 30 meters, the summer season will also appear in the water depth of 2 to 3 meters; fall and winter when the water temperature drops, it swims to the deeper waters of 40 to 80 meters.

The temperature range is 15～34℃, and the optimal water temperature is 22～28℃. Wide range of salt, can survive in the sea salinity of 10 ‰ or more. It is a carnivorous and ferocious fish that preys on benthic crustaceans, various small fishes

and cephalopods by raiding.

Fujian Province has a long history of grouper fishing. According to the records, the fishing of chopped fish in Pingtan County began in the Qing Dynasty and has a history of 300 years

. Every year from April to November is the season of catching chopped fish, and from May to October is the peak season, and there is a saying that "the chopped fish are full of rocks in the summer". Longline fishing and hand-fishing are the main fishing tools for grouper, and the output in 1993 reached more than 1900

tons, with the main producing areas of Pingtan and Lianjiang counties producing more than half of the output in the whole province. Grouper aquaculture has three forms: netting, dyke building and pond culture, and has become a foreign exchange earning fishery along the coast of Fujian Province. Most of the cultured fry come from small-size fish caught in the natural sea area

Small-size fish species. In recent years, green grouper has begun to batch artificial nursery, opening up broad prospects for large-scale development of grouper aquaculture.