Yangzhou City, which is rich in the world, is located in the middle of Jiangsu Province, bordering Taizhou and Yancheng in the east. It borders Liuhe County in Nanjing and Tianchang City in Anhui Province in the west. It faces the Yangtze River in the south and Zhenjiang across the river. North is adjacent to Huai 'an City; The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which runs through the north and south, and the Wanli Yangtze River meet here. It has always been a land and water transportation hub, the throat of water transportation between the north and the south, and an important gateway to northern Jiangsu. It is also a landscape garden city.
Yangzhou is an ancient city with a history of more than 2,48 years. Since Emperor Yangdi dug the Grand Canal, Yangzhou has prospered several times in ancient times. It is China's land and water transportation hub and salt transportation center, the largest metropolis in southeast China, and a famous scenic tourist city. It is known as "the richest man in the world". There are many places of interest here, such as the Hangou in the Spring and Autumn Period (the oldest canal section in China), the Guangling King's Tomb in the Han Dynasty, the Yangdi Mausoleum in the Sui Dynasty, the ancient temple of daming temple in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the ruins of the ancient city of Tang and Song Dynasties, the Tang Jian Zhen Memorial Hall, the Puhading Tomb of Islam in the Song Dynasty, Xianhe Temple, the private garden in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (famous for its four seasons) and Heyuan (famous for its architectural style of combining Chinese and Western styles). In 1982, the State Council announced Yangzhou as a national historical and cultural city.
Yangzhou is also a well-known tourist attraction at home and abroad. It has always been a place where people gather together, a prosperous city with many places of interest and elegant gardens. Yangzhou's "Slender West Lake" has a long history and is favored by landscape experts in past dynasties. On both sides of the 1-mile-long lake area, a sacred land of "two dikes of flowers and willows all depend on the water, all the way up to the mountain" has been created. There are many temples on Guanyin Mountain, which is known as "the first Lingshan in the south of the Yangtze River". "Twenty-four Bridges on the Moon Night, the Jade Man River teaches flute playing", which has been a wonderful place to enjoy the moon since ancient times. Yangzhou also has daming temple, an ancient temple with a long history, Heyuan, which has the reputation of "urban mountains and forests", a garden famous for its rockeries in four seasons, and palaces left by emperors such as Emperor Yangdi, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong, and so on. There are countless beautiful scenery, which is really a treasure in the south of the Yangtze River.
Yangzhou is a hometown of traditional Chinese operas in history, and its famous local operas, Yangju, Yangzhou Pinghua and Yangzhou Qingyin, have been loved by the people so far. Yangzhou's traditional crafts, lacquerware, jade carving, embroidery and velvet flowers with local characteristics can be traced back to the Warring States period more than 2, years ago and flourished in the Qing Dynasty recently. Known for its exquisite art and exquisite production, some products are exported to more than 5 countries and regions in the world.
"Fireworks descend on Yangzhou in March". Every year from May 1st to 5th in the Gregorian calendar, Yangzhou holds the "Fireworks March Tourism Festival". At this time, Yangzhou is misty and rainy, with blooming Qionghua and fragrant flowers, which is the golden season for tourism. The "Erming Moon Culture Festival" held in Yangzhou from September 8th to October 8th every year is the best place for you to enjoy the moon. The main activities include enjoying the moon in the garden, the upstream of Qianlong emperor's water, the night tour of the canal and the food festival.
Yangzhou, China
General situation of Yangzhou
Yangzhou now governs three districts of Guangling, Weiyang and Hanjiang, and four counties (cities) of Baoying, Gaoyou, Jiangdu and Yizheng. The city has a total area of 6,638 square kilometers and a population of 4.67 million. Among them, the urban area is 973 square kilometers, the built-up area is 53 square kilometers, and the urban population is 1.28 million. Yangzhou is one of the first batch of 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China. It is also one of the first batch of excellent tourist cities in China, a national demonstration city for ecological construction, a national pilot city for urban informatization, a national advanced city for building a civilized city, a national health city and a national environmental protection model city.
Yangzhou is a famous historical city. Yangzhou has a history of nearly 2,5 years, and it has experienced many changes, ups and downs, and glory. The prosperity of Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Ming and Qing Dynasties made this ancient city make a positive contribution to the prosperity of the motherland. The Western Han Dynasty was the first development peak in Yangzhou history. Emperor Yangdi dug the Grand Canal and established Yangzhou's position as a transportation hub. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou was the richest in the world, and was sometimes called "Yang Yi Yi Er". In the middle of Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou became the hub of water transportation and the largest salt distribution center in China, and became one of the 1 big cities in the world with more than 5, residents. With years of historical accumulation, the 5.9-square-kilometer old city of Yangzhou has become one of the ancient cities with relatively well-preserved historical features in China at present. There are many historical sites, sites and cultural relics. There are 148 cultural protection units in the urban area alone, including 4 national-level (Geyuan, Heyuan, Puhading Tomb Garden, Yangzhou City Site in Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties) and 16 provincial-level ones. Wenchang Road in the urban area is known as "Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, from ancient times to the present".
Yangzhou is a famous cultural city with rich humanities. In its long development process, Yangzhou has accumulated a thick and splendid Yangzhou culture with several economic booms. Literary creation, artistic achievements, academic research, cultural relics accumulation and craft production are the pride of Yangzhou people and an important window of Chinese culture. A large number of politicians, writers and artists have been officials and tourists in Yangzhou, leaving a large number of masterpieces. Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Meng Haoran and Du Mu in the Tang Dynasty once lived in Yangzhou. During the Kanggan period, the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" school, represented by Zheng Xie, Jin Nong, Li Fangying and Luo Pin, was unique in China painting circle. Yangzhou opera, storytelling, academy, block printing, local chronicles compilation and book collection, which were formed in the Qing Dynasty, flourished and became symbols of Yangzhou culture. Today, Yangzhou is well-developed in science, education and culture, and has been rated as an advanced city in the country for many times.
Yangzhou is a tourist city with beautiful scenery. Yangzhou is rich in tourism resources, which combines the beauty of the north and the beauty of the south. It is known as "the first view of Huaidong" and the best place of Zhuxi. Yangzhou gardens began in the Han Dynasty, and in the Tang Dynasty, "Gardens are mostly houses". One of the four famous gardens in China, Geyuan, with its four seasons of rockeries and peaks, is full of weather. Heyuan, a national key cultural relics protection unit, has picturesque pavilions and pavilions, which integrate China classical gardens with western architectural styles. Shugang-Slender West Lake Scenic Area is one of the top ten civilized scenic spots in China and is famous for its beautiful scenery. In particular, the Slender West Lake Scenic Area is the representative of the lakes gardens in China, and it is unique among the lakes in the world with its delicate and graceful charm. Lacquerware, jade and other traditional handicrafts are important contents of Yangzhou tourism resources, and lacquerware is perfect in form and spirit, simple and elegant; Jade articles are well-chosen, designed according to materials, shaped and carved exquisitely. Yangzhou embroidery is famous for its fine splitting and meticulous needling. Yangzhou paper-cut is known for its clarity, simplicity, freshness and beauty. The famous Yangzhou bonsai cultivation art is unique, with the saying of "one inch and three bends", which is one of the five schools of bonsai art in China. Yangzhou is officially recognized by the China Cuisine Association as "the hometown of Huaiyang cuisine" and is known as "eating in Yangzhou".
Yangzhou is an open and emerging modern city. Yangzhou is a famous open city in history. In the Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou was the largest metropolis in Southeast China and one of the four major ports for foreign economic and cultural exchanges. At that time, there were more than 1, foreign businessmen in Yangzhou. Master Jian Zhen, a monk, made six trips to Japan. Cui Zhiyuan in Korea, Puhadin in Arabia and Kyle Polo in Italy all left footprints. In 1988, Yangzhou was approved to open to the outside world, and now it has established sister cities or friendly cooperative cities with 9 cities in 7 countries. Yangzhou's foreign economic cooperation has been continuously strengthened, with joint ventures and cooperation with a number of large companies including Germany's Mercedes-Benz, Colgate USA, Italy's Pirelli, Texas Instruments USA, Philips Netherlands and other fortune 5 companies, which have formed six pillar industries, namely automobiles, ships, cables, fine chemicals, chemical fiber and textile fabrics, food, and three emerging industries, namely electronic information, new materials and bioengineering.
Yangzhou culture, like other regional cultures, is not an antique displayed in a museum cupboard, but a torch that illuminates the future at night in the mountains. In the strong mountain wind, sometimes it is radiant, sometimes it is dim. Many torches were blown out by the mountain wind, but the torch of Yangzhou culture has not been extinguished, and it still shines brilliantly. It has gone through the historical tunnel of more than 2, years, and has come to modern times and today.
The most resounding ode to Yangzhou culture is Guangling Dui written by Wang Zhong in Qing Dynasty. He recounted the deeds of loyal martyrs in Yangzhou, the talents of literature and art, the behavior of dutiful sons and virgins, and the writings of celebrities and scholars in the past 2 years. Generally speaking, it is "a stranger comes out, and the country is bright." He described Yangzhou's great contribution to the country in agriculture, salt and iron industry and transportation in the long river of history, and also described the great sacrifices made by Yangzhou at the turning point of history, which is a historical city worthy of the world. Wang Zhong said this in the fifty-second year of Qianlong, that is, when the prosperous period of Kanggan was about to close, he was different from Cao Xueqin who wrote A Dream of Red Mansions, and could not foresee that the feudal building was about to collapse and Yangzhou was about to weaken.
Today's people praise Yangzhou culture, and should push Song Zhenting. He said: "Yangzhou culture is a comprehensive Chinese culture. No matter what you like, you can find what you love." He listed the contributions made by Yangzhou in terms of historical sites, poems, paintings, religions, ancestral tombs, food and gardens. His central meaning was: "Yangzhou is a good place to arouse the pride of the Chinese nation." He is full of praise for the advantages of Yangzhou culture. He also wrote about Yangzhou tomorrow, but the language is vague, because in the 198s, the author had not been able to feel the arrival of the wave of economic globalization.
Some people criticize Yangzhou culture, such as Zhu Ziqing, who said that Yangzhou people are "stingy and vain". Small eyes are like beans, and empty is a bluff. After Kanggan, the salt industry declined, and Yangzhou city was marginalized and closed for a long time, which was the root of eyes like beans; It has declined but has been rich, which is the root of bravado. Zhu Ziqing loves his hometown deeply, so he is in great pain. He didn't hit the nail on the head about the decline of Yangzhou culture, but hit the nail on the head. Another Mr. Yi Junzuo laughed at Yangzhou people's "lazy, romantic and decadent depression". mr. yi finally lost the lawsuit, but mr. yi didn't lose. Who can say that the elements in Yangzhou's cultural genes today, such as low-minded, talkative, afraid of hardship, closed-minded and arrogant, have disappeared?
A city has gradually acquired a cultural spirit since the day it was founded. In the process of urban development, this cultural spirit has gradually changed, either from conservative ignorance to high-spirited openness, or from striving for progress to negative decadence, and will not remain unchanged. This is especially true in Yangzhou, which has experienced more than 2, years of ups and downs. Ideology acts on the economy, but it is determined by the economic basis, that is, the productivity and mode of production. The ancestors who wielded the first shovel to dig the gully on our land and the people who used keyboards to direct the South-to-North Water Transfer Project at the computer desk today will not have a unified value concept and way of thinking.
the most vigorous and powerful era of Yangzhou culture was in the Tang dynasty. "The streets are full of willows, and the clouds are reflected in two cities", and "the city bridge is full of lights, and the water in Frant Gwo is nearly half of the cattle". The material civilization of Yangzhou was created by Yangzhou people themselves. It is conceivable that Yangzhou people will strut and look heroic when they walk on the Moon Bridge that day. Yangzhou people wrote "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", in which they saw the vast rivers, the bright moon and starlight, the flying geese and the diving ichthyosaurs. While seeing Wan Li, they thought about the universe of life. Later generations read the majestic, magnificent, magnificent and magnificent atmosphere from the songs of the Tang Dynasty, the harmony between people and nature in Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, and the wisdom and spirituality. Yangzhou is not only Yangzhou for Yangzhou people, but also Yangzhou for all people. When the scholar arrived in Yangzhou, he reflected on "being willing to learn from Confucianism, the book window missed his life", so he was in high spirits and had other plans; When the frustrated man arrived in Yangzhou, he sang "Qian Fan on the side of the sinking boat, Wan Muchun in front of the sick tree", which made him see the light and hope. At that time, the flames of hope were shining everywhere in Yangzhou, and the drums of life were beating everywhere. Later generations imitate Tang poetry, and it is always different to write and write. There is no other secret, because the era lacks the atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty and the city lacks the cultural spirit of Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty. All imitation efforts are just in vain.
The era when Yangzhou's cultural spirit tended to be "stingy and empty" was in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The north-south traffic line was moved, and the city was marginalized. Unfortunately, during the Xianfeng period, it became a seesaw battlefield, and Lushe was a ruin. Yangzhou not only lost the central position of the Yangtze River Delta, but also lost the central position of the Central Jiangsu region and became a small town in the north of the Yangtze River. Pedicure and haircut have become the main industry, and fighting for ducks and chickens has become the main content of literary expression. What Yangzhou people see in their eyes is caged birds fighting for insects and playing mahjong with cards, which is no longer a vast river in Qian Shan. Yangzhou gradually sat in the well and watched the sky, so it became "stingy"; Yangzhou is often sad about the glory of the past, so there is a "virtual gas". With the unification of meanness and vanity, the germs of laziness and decadence sneak in and wreak havoc. It is not unreasonable to say that Yangzhou culture in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China is close to the culture of "wandering children who have settled down".
Yangzhou culture is a long story. Say it is brilliant, say it is declining, say it is high-spirited, say it is decadent and depressed, say it is extensive and profound, say it is declining, all have certain basis, depending on the angle of intervention, depending on which stage of history is evaluated. Culture is dynamic, so is the fire of Yangzhou culture. Fortunately, in recent decades, the trend of Yangzhou culture is to be reborn, to be refreshed and to rise, which is an indisputable fact.
Yangzhou
Yangzhou City, which is rich in the world, is located in the middle of Jiangsu Province, bordering Taizhou and Yancheng in the east; It borders Liuhe County in Nanjing and Tianchang City in Anhui Province in the west. It faces the Yangtze River in the south and Zhenjiang across the river. North is adjacent to Huai 'an City; The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which runs through the north and south, and the Wanli Yangtze River meet here. It has always been a land and water transportation hub, the throat of water transportation between the north and the south, an important gateway to northern Jiangsu, and a landscape garden city.
The origin of the name
Yangzhou was written as Yangzhou in ancient times (according to the fact that the characters of Yang in the Han tablet were all changed from "wood" and "hand", which was researched in detail by Wang Niansun). The name of Yangzhou was first found in Shangshu Yugong: "Huaihai is only Yangzhou". This is a broad geographical concept in the minds of the ancients, including Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian and other provinces in the vast areas of Huaishui, Yellow Sea and Yangtze River. According to Du You's Tong Dian in Tang Dynasty, there were 39 county capitals and 196 counties in Guyangzhou. Although this Yangzhou contains today's Yangzhou, it cannot be confused with today's Yangzhou.
during the reign of emperor Wu of the Han dynasty, there were thirteen secretariat departments throughout the country, including Yangzhou secretariat department. The jurisdiction of this secretariat is equivalent to today's Huaishui in Anhui, south of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu and Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. Huangmei and Guangji in Yingshan, Hubei; Henan Gushi, away from the city and other places. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, he lived in Liyang (now Hexian County, Anhui Province) and moved to Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province) and Hefei (now northwest of Hefei City, Anhui Province) at the end of the year. In the Three Kingdoms, Wei and Wu each set up Yangzhou, Wei ruled in Shouchun and Wu ruled in Jianye (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). After the Western Jin Dynasty wiped out Wu, Zhizhi was still under construction (it was renamed Jianye and later Jiankang).
Today's Yangzhou was called "Han" in the Spring and Autumn Period, "Guangling" in the Qin and Han Dynasties, "Jiangdu", "Southern Yanzhou" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and "Wu Zhou" in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Yangzhou in Han Dynasty includes Jiangnan in Jiangsu, south of Huaihe River in Anhui and Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. In the Three Kingdoms, Wei and Wu each had Yangzhou, Wu Yangzhou ruled Jianye, and Wei Yangzhou ruled Shouchun. In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty, Wu Zhou was changed to Yangzhou, but the general office was still located in Danyang (now Nanjing). In the eighth year of Wude in Tang Gaozu (625), the Yangzhou Institute was moved from Danyang to Jiangbei, and Guangling enjoyed the proper name of Yangzhou from then on.
General situation of Yangzhou
Yangzhou now governs three districts, namely Guangling, Weiyang and Hanjiang, and four counties (cities), namely Baoying, Gaoyou, Jiangdu and Yizheng. The city has a total area of 6,638 square kilometers and a population of 4.67 million. Among them, the urban area is 973 square kilometers, the built-up area is 53 square kilometers, and the urban population is 1.28 million. Yangzhou is one of the first batch of 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China, the first batch of excellent tourist cities in China and the national ecology.