Forest health care refers to the general term for promoting public health and preventing diseases, making full use of forest eco-environmental resources, giving full play to the health care function of forest eco-environmental factors, and carrying out activities that help people relax, regulate body functions and promote (maintain) physical and mental health.
Forest health base refers to a health complex with high-quality forest, wetland resources and ecological environment, which combines with local health resources to carry out leisure, fitness, health care, old-age care, recuperation, cognition and experience, and can provide environmental space, supporting facilities and corresponding service system to promote people's physical and mental health.
nLand use issues involved in forest rehabilitation base
At present, the state actively supports and guarantees land supply for forest rehabilitation and other projects through various channels. Seventeen departments, including the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism, clearly pointing out that it supports the development of forest tourism, recreational tourism, etc. by combining rural mountain resources and forest resources, and clearly stipulates that all localities should incorporate the construction land of rural tourism projects into the overall arrangement of national spatial planning and annual utilization plan. On the premise of meeting the requirements of ecological environment protection and related planning, we will encourage the revitalization of rural idle construction land resources, link the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land, optimize the structure and layout of construction land, and promote the development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism. On the premise of fully protecting the usufructuary right of farmers' homestead, explore rural collective economic organizations to revitalize the use of idle homestead and farm houses by means of leasing, shareholding and cooperation, and transform and build service reception and activity places such as forest rehabilitation in accordance with planning requirements and land use standards. Article 63 of the Land Management Law stipulates that collectively-operated construction land that has been identified as industrial, commercial and other business purposes in the overall land use planning and urban and rural planning and registered according to law may be handed over to units or individuals by means of transfer or lease. The new Land Management Law, which was implemented in 22, stipulates that under the premise of meeting the planning and use control, rural collectively-operated construction land will be allowed to enter the market, so that rural collectively-operated construction land can enter the urban-rural unified construction land market equally according to the same rights and responsibilities as state-owned construction land, and further promote the demand for construction land to support industries such as forest rehabilitation.
In the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Encouraging and Supporting Social Capital to Participate in Ecological Protection and Restoration issued on November 1, 221, it is stipulated that the main body of ecological protection and restoration, which has achieved a certain scale and expected goal by carrying out ecological restoration in contiguous areas, is allowed to obtain a certain share of the right to use natural resources assets according to laws and regulations, and can engage in tourism, recreation and sports, including industrial development of agricultural facilities, which does not exceed 3% of the restoration area. At the same time, under the condition that the quantity of cultivated land and permanent basic farmland is not reduced and the quality is improved, spatial transformation and position adjustment are allowed. The newly added cultivated land can also be used for the balance of occupation and compensation, and the surplus construction land can also be used for the increase or decrease.
For forest rehabilitation projects that really need to use forest land, it is necessary to go through the examination and approval procedures for the use of forest land in accordance with the Forest Law and its implementing regulations, the Administrative Measures for the Examination and Approval of the Use of Forest Land for Construction Projects and other relevant regulations. Encourage forest rehabilitation projects to use existing construction land and idle land such as forest areas, forest farms and villages to build related supporting service facilities.
According to Article 36 of the newly revised Forest Law of the People's Republic of China, the state protects forest land, strictly controls the conversion of forest land into non-forest land, and controls the total amount of occupied forest land to ensure that the amount of forest land is not reduced. The occupation of forest land by various construction projects shall not exceed the total control index of occupied forest land in this administrative area. Article 37: Mineral exploration, mining and other kinds of engineering construction shall not occupy or occupy less forest land; If it is really necessary to occupy forest land, it shall be examined and approved by the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level, and the formalities for examination and approval of construction land shall be handled according to law.
The Outline of the National Forest Land Protection and Utilization Plan stipulates that the conversion of forest land into construction land is strictly restricted. Woodland must be used for forestry development and ecological construction, and shall not be changed without authorization; Exploration and exploitation of mineral deposits and various construction projects shall not occupy or occupy less forest land, and if forest land must be occupied or requisitioned, the examination and approval procedures shall be handled according to law. The state compiles or revises the total amount of forestland requisitioned and occupied once every five years, and decomposes the total amount index into provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) on an annual basis. Article 14 of the Measures for the Administration of Occupation and Expropriation of Forest Land Quota stipulates that the quota shall be controlled for a total of five years and allowed to be adjusted between years. Annual quota savings, approved by the competent forestry authorities in the State Council can be carried forward; If the annual quota is insufficient, it is allowed to use the next annual quota in advance. The number of quotas used in advance shall not exceed 2% of this year's quota. Among them, less than 1%, approved by the provincial forestry authorities, and reported to the the State Council forestry authorities for the record; More than 1%, reported to the competent forestry authorities in the State Council for approval. The quota carried forward or used in advance shall be increased or reduced by the competent forestry authorities in the State Council in the next year's quota.
The quota of forest land used for construction land will be based on the requirements of controlling the total amount of forest land occupied and the total control index of forest land occupied by various construction projects, combining quantitative measurement with qualitative analysis, combining policy orientation with overall demand, and combining scientific measurement with data support. According to the national economic and social development planning, national land space planning, medium and long-term forestry development planning, forest land protection and utilization planning, Combined with the actual situation of forest land use, this paper analyzes the annual forest land quota use and historical and expected data of society, economy, land management and forest land utilization in this area, establishes a mathematical model by using modern mathematical methods, and scientifically predicts the demand and supply of forest land combined with qualitative analysis, and then determines the recommended index of forest land quota occupation. Based on the calculation of forest land supply and forest land demand, combined with the situation of forest land resources in this area, the audit of forest land use in construction projects in recent years and the level of forest land utilization, we should make overall consideration and comprehensive balance, reasonably determine the recommended indicators of forest land occupation quota in this area, and form a forest land quota plan for construction projects.
Article 3 of the Administrative Measures for Examination and Approval of Forest Land Use in Construction Projects: Construction projects should not occupy or occupy less forest land, and if forest land must be used, it should conform to the forest land protection and utilization plan, and make rational, economical and intensive use of forest land. The use of forest land for construction projects shall be subject to total control and quota management. Construction projects restrict the use of forest land in ecologically important and fragile areas, restrict the use of natural forests and forest land with high volume per unit area, and restrict the use of forest land for commercial construction projects. Article 4: Construction projects that occupy or temporarily occupy forest land shall abide by the provisions on classified management of forest land: (1) Class I protected forest land shall not be used in various construction projects. (2) Construction projects approved and agreed by the State Council, infrastructure, public utilities and livelihood construction projects approved by relevant departments of the State Council and provincial people's governments and their relevant departments can use Grade II and below protected forest land. (three) national defense and diplomatic construction projects, you can use Grade II and below protected forest land. (four) counties (cities, districts) and districts of the city, autonomous prefecture people's government and its relevant departments approved the infrastructure, public utilities, people's livelihood construction projects, you can use the level II and below to protect forest land. (five) strategic emerging industrial projects, exploration projects, large and medium-sized mines, and eco-tourism development projects that meet the relevant tourism planning can use protected forest land of Grade II and below. Other industrial, mining, warehousing construction projects and business projects that meet the planning can use Grade III and below protected forest land. (six) construction projects in line with urban planning and construction projects in line with rural planning can use Grade II and below protected forest land. (seven) in line with the planning of nature reserves, forest parks, wetland parks, scenic spots and other construction projects, you can use nature reserves, forest parks, wetland parks, scenic spots within the scope of Grade II and below protected forest land. (8) The use of forest land for quarrying (sand) fields and borrow fields supporting linear projects such as highways, railways, communications, electric power, oil and gas pipelines and construction projects such as water conservancy and hydropower, and waterway engineering shall be implemented according to the scope of forest land used by the main construction project, but no forest land in Grade II protected forest land shall be used. Among them, in the state-owned key forest areas identified by the State Council, the forested land in the protected forest land above Grade III shall not be used. (nine) other construction projects other than the above-mentioned construction projects can use grade IV protected forest land. Construction projects other than the second, third and seventh items in the first paragraph of this article shall use forest land, and shall not use the first-class national public welfare forest land. If the State Forestry Administration has other provisions on the use of forest land for specific construction projects according to special circumstances, such provisions shall prevail.
Table: Classification of Forest Land Protection Grades and Protection Management Measures
For example, temporary buildings shall be built, and the temporary land occupation shall not exceed two years, and permanent buildings shall not be built. The legal provisions involved are as follows: Article 17 of the Regulations on the Implementation of Forest Law: If it is necessary to temporarily occupy forest land, it shall be approved by the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level. The period of temporary occupation of forest land shall not exceed two years, and permanent buildings shall not be built on the temporarily occupied forest land; After the expiration of the occupation period, the land unit must restore the forestry production conditions. Article 43 of the Regulations on the Implementation of Forest Law: If the use of forest land is changed without the approval of the competent forestry authorities of the people's governments at or above the county level, the competent forestry authorities of the people's governments at or above the county level shall order it to be restored to its original state within a time limit and impose a fine of 1 yuan to 3 yuan per square meter for illegally changing the use of forest land. Temporary occupation of forest land, overdue return, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
For example, building a homestay belongs to changing the use of forest land, and it must go through formal audit procedures. The legal provisions involved are as follows: Article 18 of the Forest Law of the People's Republic of China: Exploration and mining of mineral deposits and various construction projects shall not occupy or occupy less forest land; If it is necessary to occupy or requisition forest land, with the approval of the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level, the examination and approval procedures for construction land shall be handled in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on land management, and the land-using unit shall pay the forest vegetation restoration fee in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Council.
n Main construction contents of forest rehabilitation bases
On June 5, 22, the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau, the General Office of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the National Health and Wellness Committee and the state administration of traditional chinese medicine jointly announced the first batch of national forest rehabilitation bases, among which the following infrastructures should be provided for the construction of national forest rehabilitation bases:
(1) forest trails, leisure and sightseeing platforms, etc.
(2) TCM health facilities, such as TCM health venues, meditation, hot spring medicated bath, medicated diet, rehabilitation physiotherapy places, etc.
(3) Natural education experience facilities, such as popular science venues and natural experience places, have forest explanation signs and guiding facilities;
(4) Sports experience facilities, such as sports, fitness, mountaineering, forest marathon, rock climbing, zip line, skydiving, bungee jumping, rafting, skiing, ice and snow sports, etc.
(5) leisure and holiday experience facilities, such as self-driving camps, RV camps, holiday homestay cabins, etc.
(6) Accommodation facilities such as Kangyang Hotel and other recreational holiday infrastructure;
(7) Transportation facilities, the connecting roads outside the base shall be at least Class III standard, and the distance from the nearest transportation hub such as airport, railway station, passenger station or wharf shall not exceed 3h by car, which is accessible by car.
At the same time, relevant local departments have refined the construction content of forest health base. Taking the Code for the Construction of Forest Rehabilitation Bases issued by Guizhou Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and Guizhou Forestry Standardization Committee as an example, the types of rehabilitation service facilities in forest rehabilitation bases are clearly classified in the code:
? Accommodation facilities: rest house, forest log cabin, rest pavilion, campsite, forest hotel, ecological villa, outdoor rest place, etc.
? Catering facilities: green restaurant, leisure restaurant, catering service point, etc.
? Shopping facilities: kangyang organic green products sales point, craft souvenir sales point, forest specialty sales point, etc.
? Management service facilities: reception center, parking lot, ecological toilet, garbage station, management room, staff dormitory, etc.
? Recreational fitness facilities: forest bathing place, meditation space, recreation trail, recreation service station, leisure chair, health club, herb garden, sunbathing field, nordic walking trail, bicycle path, rock climbing, etc.
? Leisure and entertainment facilities: forest multifunctional activity platform, observation deck, leisure and fitness activity center, children's amusement facilities, etc.
? Popular science education facilities: forest experience hall, forest classroom, mission center, forest museum, herbarium, library, nature observation trail, animal observation platform, visiting road, mountaineering road, forest operation experience field, etc.
? Medical facilities: medical care center, sanatorium, first aid center, rehabilitation center, etc.
? Safety facilities: fence, slope protection, monitoring camera, fire alarm, safety warning, etc.
nCase of Forest Rehabilitation Base
"Case 1-Hongya County, Sichuan Province"
Hongya County is located in the southwest of Sichuan Basin, backed by Mount Emei and surrounded by Wawu Mountain, belonging to Chengdu Plain Economic Zone and an important node of Tianfu New District. The highest elevation of the county is 39 meters, and the lowest elevation is 417 meters. There are 33 rivers, which are known as "seven mountains, two waters and one farmland". It covers an area of 1,896 square kilometers and has a total population of 35,. It has a natural "eight-degree advantage" with suitable temperature, suitable height, moderate latitude, high greening degree, good cleanliness, strong negative oxygen content, sufficient precision and high yield, and is known as "the Pearl of the Green Sea" and "Tianfu Garden". In recent years, Hongya County has focused on the development of high-quality health care facilities, focusing on creating three major formats of forest health care: "experience format, anti-aging format and holiday format", vigorously developing forest health care industry and helping rural revitalization.
forest health experience format: the main demonstration base of forest health experience in Yuping Mountain is PPP mode with government guidance, company chart and enterprise cooperation. Around the four major directions of "forest convalescence, health holiday, self-driving tour and outdoor sports", we have built dynamic project experience areas such as paragliding, rainbow slide, glass plank road and mountain all-terrain vehicle, developed static project experience areas such as forest Taiji, Buddhist temple and tea ceremony, set up comprehensive project experience areas such as natural school, forest museum and ecological civilization mission base, built a highly supporting health management center, and launched "three days and two nights" for forest rehabilitation. The forest rehabilitation base receives 3 people per year, with an average annual income of 1.