backpack: backpack (5L and above), backpack rain cover, it is recommended to bring another waist bag.

camping supplies: tents (for rent), sleeping bags ( degrees), and moisture-proof mats

Tools: headlights or flashlights, folding knives, and small hooks

Catering essentials: lunch boxes (for heating), chopsticks or *, water cups, kettles, stoves (for 4-5 people),

Clothing: mountaineering.

food preparation: staple food: 3 meals, including noodles, rice and porridge. Please pay attention to the freshness of cooked food.

Spare food: chocolate, candy, beef jerky, compressed biscuits and other small, high-calorie and high-protein foods.

Other optional equipment: video camera, camera, etc.

1. Selection of campsite

In addition to considering the actual situation of the individual, we should first consider being close to water and fuel, and at the same time, we should also consider preventing rain and mosquitoes. In addition, we should also pay attention to avoid avalanches, rolling stones and sudden flash floods and rising water.

In summer, the camping site should be in a dry place with high terrain, good ventilation and less mosquitoes. Usually, near lakes, ventilated ridges and hilltops are ideal places to set up camps in summer.

In winter, the camping site should be based on the shelter from the wind and the distance from fuel, camping materials and water sources. Generally speaking, forests and bushes are ideal camps. Avoid places that are easy to be buried by snow, such as the leeward of cliff walls, because in this terrain, the wind will soon blow a lot of snow to bury tents or shelters.

2. erection of simple tents: square raincoats, blankets, canvas and other toilet equipment can be used to erect simple tents.

1. Roof-shaped tent: Tie a rope between two trees, or use tools carried with you as a pillar, connect them with a backpack belt, and fix both ends on the ground. Then put the square poncho on the rope or backpack belt, and press the bottom with stones. You can also connect several ponchos to form a big tent for 4 ~ 8 people. This roof tent is suitable for all kinds of terrain.

2. A sloping tent: This kind of tent is suitable for setting up on broken walls and ridges. When erecting, fix one end of the poncho on the wall or ridge, the other end on the ground, and block the wind with branches and weeds on both sides. When it is erected in woodland, it can also be fixed with trees.

Attention should be paid to setting up tents in winter: in areas with thin snow layer, the snow at the setting-up site should be swept away first. In the deep snow layer, if it only stays temporarily, it is not necessary to clean the snow, but it should be compacted and flattened to form an isolation layer on the frozen ground. If you don't move temporarily, you should dig a hole in the snow and bury a tent. This can better resist the cold wind. When setting up a tent on the open ground, a snow wall can be built on the windward side of the tent, which can not only protect the wind but also facilitate the fire.

3. Camping in the forest

It is best not to sleep in the forest for the night. Because when people fall asleep, the blood circulation slows down, the skin relaxes, and the resistance to the outside world decreases. When the dew on the skin evaporates, it takes away the heat, which will make people catch cold and get cold, and the joints are sore. When camping in forest areas, temporary shelters can be made from local materials. First, two trees are selected as columns. Then tie a cross bar one meter away from the ground, and several back bars are inclined (about 45 degrees) on the cross bar, and then tie two cross bars on the back bars, so that the branches can be hung on the bracket layer by layer like paving tiles. The sides of the shed are also covered with branches. In winter, a long bonfire can be set up on the open surface of the shelter to keep warm.

4. Camping in the tropical jungle

In the tropical jungle area, a strict shelter should be built to prevent the intrusion of snakes and insects and heavy rain. Usually, the shelter can be set in a highland that is convenient for drainage. When the weather is sultry, there is often a cool breeze in the highland.

You can give full play to your creativity in the jungle, and use trees, bamboo, rattan, thatch, banana leaves, ponchos, mosquito nets and other toilet equipment to build various forms of shelters. The basic method is: "first support the scaffolding, then cover the roof, make the bed with the fence at the same time, and finally dig out the drainage ditch, eradicate weeds and level the ground."

When camping in tropical jungle, be careful not to smash ant nests and yellow beehives, remove weeds around the camp, dig a drainage ditch around it, and spread a layer of plant ash to prevent snakes and insects from crawling in. The bed should be 3 ~ 5 cm above the ground. If the floor is paved, it can be paved with branches, leaves or fine bamboo mats. Try not to use weeds. Knock on the ground before going to bed to catch the crawling insects. When you wake up, you should first look around your body carefully, otherwise snakes and insects nearby will be disturbed by sudden activities. Also pay attention to keep the shed clean, and all garbage must be buried in time. Because as long as there is star grease, it is possible to attract ants, ants will attract lizards, and lizards will attract snakes. Be careful not to burn fish bones, this smell will also attract snakes.

In addition, because the ground in the jungle area is wet, there are many poisonous snakes and poisonous insects, and it is easy to be invaded when paving on the ground, so the hammock is very suitable. Tie two trees at both ends of the hammock, pull a rope on it, put a square poncho on it, and fasten the four corners with ropes to form a waterproof tent.

5. Camping in winter

1. Snow caves can be dug in areas with thick snow in cold areas to avoid the wind and cold, and the capacity of the caves depends on needs. If there is no cave or tent for temporary shelter, the stone-burning bed is also suitable for camping in winter. Dig a pit suitable for your figure, spread hot stones at the bottom of the pit, cover it with hot lime soil to make it flat, and then spread dry grass and dead leaves.

2. Sleeping bags for camping in the snow can't be placed directly on the ground of ice and snow. Pine branches and coats can be laid under the sleeping bag to prevent the human body from melting the ice and snow and getting cold. Before using the sleeping bag, it should be fully fluffy, so that the insulation effect is better. Sleeping bags must always be kept dry, and they should be dried in sunny days. After each use, let the warm air out of the bag to prevent the water vapor from condensing and wetting the sleeping bag after the warm air is cold. Don't wear too much clothes when entering the sleeping bag. Wearing too much will make people sweat, which will make the sleeping bag wet and reduce the heat insulation performance.

3. If you don't have a sleeping bag, you can fold the blanket into a sleeping bag. The method is: fold the blanket in half, the upper part is longer than the lower part, and press the longer part under your body, and then fold the blanket at your feet under the blanket, so that you can keep warm like a sleeping bag.

4. It is important to keep clothes dry, especially gloves and socks. It is best to dry it with fire or put it in a sleeping bag at night, and dry it with body temperature when people sleep. It's best to put the shoes in the sleeping bag, too. If you put the shoes outside the sleeping bag, they will be frozen hard the next morning, which will not only make them uncomfortable to wear, but also hurt your feet. It takes more than an hour to melt the frozen shoes. Don't wear shoes to roast your feet. This will not only make it difficult to dry, but also make water vapor in your shoes. When you go out, it will condense into ice when you walk in the snow and ice, which is prone to frostbite. You can also put a plastic bag on your socks and put on your shoes to keep your feet warm and damp.

5, camping in winter, there are some ways to help warm up. For example, a military kettle filled with hot water can be removed from the insulation cover and held in your arms, so that you can keep warm and wash your face the next day. Another example is to put one or two burnt stones and bricks under the bed to keep warm, and the effect is also very good. In addition, a small amount of quicklime can be broken and put into a bottle, a thick plastic bag or a kettle, and some water can be added, sealed and put into bed, which can generate heat after 1-2 minutes and maintain a high temperature within 4-5 hours.