On the eve of the Jiangxi Tourism Development Conference, on this early summer weekend morning, our group drove from Tonggu County for an hour and a half and arrived in the neighboring county of Millennium. In this county town with a history of 1700 years. On the south street, you can see the majestic posture of three mountains and nine ridges, antique blue bricks and tiles, and rows of ancient ancestral temples. Bluestone laneway criss-crosses, and the water of Longjiang bends through the city. Inadvertently divided the ancient city into a beautiful picture of natural scenery and ancient buildings.
The weather is bad, and it is raining in Mao Mao. Accompanied by Ms. Li Jinhua, I walked along this ancient road with an umbrella. I am half walking in a thousand-year history and half walking in a modern dream. Standing at the touch of time, the trace of years, the brand of history. It is still fresh and unique after it has faded from prosperity in the vicissitudes of life. Such beautiful scenery is not only precipitation, but also the cultivation and heavy cohesion of local history and culture.
Wanzai ancient city is a benchmark cultural project in western Jiangxi. Its core scenic spot is the ancient ancestral temple, with a total area of about 6.5438+0.3 million square meters. At present, 27 ancient buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China have been preserved and restored, involving the surname 13. There are also many ancient houses, ancient streets, Gu Xiang, granaries, wells and other ancient buildings and immovable cultural relics. It is the most complete preserved ancient architectural complex in Jiangxi province at present, with the cultural heritage of western Jiangxi.
Wanzai Ancient City Complex is a very representative ancient building complex of Jiangxi School in China. The gatehouse is one of the traditional buildings in China. As a symbol of family fortune, the so-called "family hierarchy" means this.
The gatehouse is the main aisle of a family and the "facade" of the owner. The height of the gatehouse, the material of bricks and tiles, the painted figures and the relationship between the neighborhoods are all exquisite, and they should conform to their own status.
The ancestral temple gatehouse of Wanzai ancient city silently shows the social status, occupation and economic level of this family. This is the most important thing for all China people. Therefore, rich or poor, they will try their best to remain elegant in the gatehouse.
Small tile-headed wall with blue bricks and lattice windows hanging on the cloister. Horsehead wall is a major feature of Jiangxi architecture in the traditional residential architecture school of Han nationality, and it is called "Horsehead wall" because its shape resembles a horse's head.
The wall of the ancient ancestral temple in Wanzai ancient city scenic spot mostly adopts the horse head wall, and one of the important reasons is fire fighting. In ancient blocks, ancestral halls, houses, streets and lanes have a high density, which is not conducive to fire prevention. When a fire breaks out, it is easy to spread along the house. The horsehead wall is higher than the walls on both sides of the roof, which can play a certain role in preventing the fire from spreading. Therefore, the horse head wall is also called the wind fire wall and firewall.
When you come to the ancient city of Wanzai, even if you don't know the architecture of Jiangxi school, you will be attracted by the small blue bricks and tiles in this scenic spot. These small blue bricks and tiles are patchwork and antique.
The ancestral temple in the ancient city is not just a courtyard, but a number of courtyards arranged step by step along the central axis, forming a space with a sense of depth. The so-called "how deep is the courtyard" refers to the courtyard structure that enters and exits several times.
Paintings and wood carvings are lifelike in these ancient buildings. Wood carving is good at dealing with the true colors of raw materials, which is not only in harmony with the whole building, but also as fresh and elegant as Jiangnan ink painting.
Architectural painting is a kind of image art, which plays an important role in architectural decoration. It has vivid observability and practicality, and contains internal attraction and visual impact. It can not only protect it from rain, sunshine and humidity through the color of paint, but also prolong the life cycle of buildings, and at the same time, it can capture objects and arouse people's hearts.
Cornice is a traditional tower-shaped architectural form in China, and cornice is one of the important manifestations of Chinese architectural national style. The corners of the roofs of these ancient buildings in the ancient city are tilted upward, like birds spreading their wings, light and lively.
According to local customs, climate characteristics and living habits, the open-close patio in the ancient city of Jiangxi School evolved and improved into a unique architectural form, which improved the functions of ventilation, lighting and safety in the building, exposed the sky and ground in the building and played the role of heaven and earth.
These ancient buildings in Wanzai ancient city are a spatial fusion of heaven and earth and architecture, which embodies the philosophical thought of the unity of man and nature in traditional culture.
The ancient city scenic spot takes the eternal intangible culture and Jiangxi architectural style as the core, and injects local folk customs and lifestyles. Watch lanterns, listen to Nuo opera, play drums, weave summer cloth, experience the local historical and cultural atmosphere, and create cultural characteristics such as cultural exhibitions, cultural performances, interactive experiences, folk crafts and boutique inns that integrate Jiangxi.
National intangible cultural performances, victory drums, grass cloth weaving, fireworks production and other dances are staged here. Coupled with the cultural experience of Chinese studies, art galleries, waterfront leisure and ancient residential experience, Wanzai ancient city is lifelike.
Walking on the ancient road, I met Yan, secretary of the CPC Yichun Municipal Committee, and other city and county leaders who came to inspect and guide the preparatory work before the meeting in the rain. At the moment I met him head-on, Secretary Yan also said hello to us, waved to each other and left.
Nanjie is the best preserved street in Wanzai Ancient City 15 ancient streets. According to local historical records, there were city walls in the Southern Song Dynasty, and where there were city walls, there must be doors. Nanda Street Gate located on the west side of Longhe River is called Nanpu Gate. It can be seen that the construction of South Street began at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and it has a history of more than 600 years, forming the present South Street.
This street is only more than 500 meters long and not more than two or three feet wide. It enters from the small south gate at Nanpu Bridge Head and goes straight to Hexi Street, facing Wanzai Ancient County. Because it echoes Longhe East Street from a distance, it is also called South Street.
In addition to the main street, there are alleys at both ends of the street. To the east is Danshui Lane, where there are churches and shops. There is a large-scale Ouyang Xiu Temple in the alley, and a roadway leading to the test shed in the west of the street, which sublimates the commercial and cultural atmosphere of South Street.
It is a wider road to the west from the middle section of South Street. Just entering the intersection, a six-legged Jinshi archway stands in front of us. Behind it is the Guo family ancestral hall. What is even more surprising is that there are amazing ancestral halls around the Guo family. The history of the world block is particularly heavy.
According to legend, around the Republic of China, South Street was crowded with merchants. Although the shops are different in size, they are all wide and tall.
No.98 South Street is one of the relatively intact shops. Built in the late Qing Dynasty, it is a single-story building with attic. Five storefronts, the attic is next to the garage, and there is a room with a cover on the back street side, which is connected with the house behind. In this form, there are shops one after another, and there are many shops. There are more than 40 stores with store names. In the street, in addition to the constant sound in the street, there is the creaking sound of wooden wheels and iron ring unicycle rolling on the green granite pavement. On the car body, there is also a migrant worker who carries goods with the car. It is they who transport the local native products and then bring the cloth back from the department store outside. As a result, the dazzling humanistic charm of Wanzai ancient city has been achieved, just like the water wine brewed by the street brewery, which is sweet and delicious and full of fragrance.
"Brew Qingming Winter Solstice Wine, and make people in the southeast and northwest drunk". The wine brewed by the rice wine workshop in Qiandian Houchang, South Street is light yellow in color, sweet in taste and thick and sticky.
There are also traditional names of Juxiuzhai, such as Ruyi cake, Kumquat cake, burrito and crispy jiaozi.
The pea oil spoon in the street is made of a pot of wood and pulp, and I still want to eat it after eating it. And the unsatisfactory Li Ji Hotel. In order to make more money, Mr. Li sometimes oozes water from the wine, and his annoying drinker can't tell it directly, so he makes up a story and tells it while drinking. It is said that one winter, on a whim, the emperor called on talented people to enter the palace to make a snowman. A son of the Li family who applied for the job created a lifelike snowman in the shade of the tree. The emperor observed it for many days and was very unhappy. He was rewarded with a thousand dollars. The next year, the court ordered the Li family's son to go to Beijing to make a snowman. However, Gigi Lai is out, so Li Fu has to go to Beijing for his son. Li Fu made several snowmen in a sunny place. The snowmen were vivid and the emperor was very happy. A few days later, the sun disappeared and the snowman completely melted. As a result, Li's father was punished for throwing snow water. Li's father was shocked by the snow and said, "This is really for Chiba! Since then, the Li family restaurant is no longer good at mixing water in wine.
There are many grass cloth shops, paper shops and firecracker shops in South Street. The well-known grass cloth, earthenware paper and fireworks have played a decisive role in the local history and economic prosperity.
According to legend, a local boss took part in a foreign exhibition in Jiangxi Province. When he went to the bathhouse to take a bath, a North Korean businessman quietly changed his white spun Xia Qian shirt into his Hangzhou square coat, which became a beautiful talk between Chinese and foreign businessmen.
Wanzai earthenware paper (face core paper) is one of the three local native products, and Wanzai's wealth is built on the basis of native products. Those who use local products to make local goods and cross the Yangtze River are just paper flowing on the surface. In addition to the needs of life, watch core paper also produces white tribute paper, heavy paper and burr paper, which are only slightly worse than yu zhou Xuan paper for practicing writing. Anyone who practices calligraphy must first buy it for copying and writing, and only after reaching a certain level can he write on rice paper.
Whether printed on the head or cut out, paper shed workers have the hardship of "sleeping for two years in three years and eating for three years in two years". When it is quiet, it seems that you can hear the faint singing of Zhipeng Mountain.
Learn from Yvonne Wan, don't learn to lie on your back. It's about a haircut. In the early years of the Republic of China, most barbershops in Nanjie were chairs for each person. Those who came again waited nearby, or smoked, or pulled the Kongming fan hanging under the floor, chatting and fanning the wind to cool off. For a famous master, he is certainly proficient in craftsmanship. Knife skills and cutting skills are very skilled. The weight and speed are particularly suitable. Push and cut, hit the cut hairstyle, smooth and smooth without pimples. Exquisite knife technique, light hand and sharp knife, clean shaving, no harm to the skin. A few more excellent things will make you high-five to celebrate.
For example, when shaving, he will gently shake your eyelashes with the back of the knife. Makes you feel numb and comfortable. He will also use a blade to vibrate rhythmically around the back of your neck several times. Then sneak back to the vest pit from the neck along the back, making you feel itchy and white. Then he will use a special knife to turn around your ear several times along the ear wall, so that you can not only feel the comfort from the outside to the inside, but also from the inner ear to the outer ear, and you can also take out the earwax by the way. It can be seen that the "back climbing skill" is valuable.
The backstreet of the ancient city is the gathering place of umbrella industry, including Peng Jine's Zhou Zhengxiang umbrella shop and Long Maoxing's Xingtai umbrella shop.
There are 10 companies, such as Heshenghe in Tang Yuan Dynasty, which produce oil paper and oil nails, and the business is certainly very good. But there are exceptions There is an exclusive "single umbrella shop" on South Street. For example, in rainy days, especially when it rains suddenly, pedestrians hide under the eaves to avoid the rain. People who are anxious to go home will definitely go into the store to buy an umbrella and go home as soon as possible. At this time, umbrellas are sold and some people buy them at higher prices. However, Shanji Umbrella Store did the opposite. Whenever it rains, it gives customers a discount. Those who are in a hurry to go home will of course buy umbrellas immediately. Those who are not in a hurry to go home will be happy to buy an umbrella even if they have one at home.
One day, an anxious old man came to the umbrella shop and told the boss that he had lost an umbrella in the street. There is a will signed by a lawyer in the umbrella handle. Asked the boss how to get the umbrella back, the boss used his brain and immediately hung up the message of "trade-in" at the door of the store. Three days later, the old man who lost his umbrella finally found his old umbrella. Since then, the umbrella shop has added a "trade-in" business. Oil-paper umbrellas can also be replaced with new ones, and business will naturally flourish.
The unique and novel management mode has promoted and improved the commercial culture and commercial taste of Nanjie.
Wanzai ancient city is not only prosperous in business, but also crowded with people. Here, I heard a story of "losing lessons". It's about Xin Yuzhan, a doctor who was born in the first year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. Xinjia ancestral home also belongs to the form of front store and back house, with 3 1 storefront nearby. Behind the store, the old house sits west to east, facing the Longhe River, with 39 rooms. Xin Yuzhan went home on business, went into business in a street shop and became the richest man in South Street. He usually warns his children to be honest in doing business with shop assistants and not to bully the market. We should try our best to help the poor.
Legend has it that one night, when the family was preparing to have a reunion dinner, they suddenly broke into several gangs that relied on "big food". The leader began to shout, "Boss Xin, how much did you owe us last time?" ? At this time, Boss Xin's son knew that he was coming to cheat money. When he was about to drive away, Xin Yuzhan immediately stopped him: "You don't have to talk. I owe them a little" amount "and pay them each 12 silver." The beggar gang took the money and left.
However, another shop not far from Xin's shop offended them for fear of losing money. When the beggar gang opened the gate, they were not only cheated out of a lot of money, but also ruined their reputation.
After the Spring Festival, Xin Yuzhan asked a craftsman to make a plaque with the words "scholar" engraved on it and hung it on the lintel of Xin Jiazu's house. The Xin family's business is booming. "Students suffering from learning" was rampant for a while, spreading all over South Street, Hexi Street and even all the streets in the county. The rich connotation of "learning to lose" has virtually entered the category of family rules. According to Mr. Xin Hongan, soon, the "Suffering Hall" plaque was hung in the Xin's ancestral hall. Because of its strict family law, even people with other surnames say, "I'm not afraid of firecrackers in Xinjiagong, but I'm afraid of the sound of wooden boards in Xinjiagong."
Both businessmen and residents in Nanjie not only spare no effort to pursue commercial profits, but also make the development of the ancient city more prosperous and prosperous, and also know how to taste leisure and entertainment.
"There's another village". In summer, at night, people often move stools and even bamboo beds to the side of the road in front of shops in every household to enjoy the cool summer. I talked about everything while holding a fan. There is more laughter when there is controversy. They talked about the sky in Wanzai dialect, which made passers-by laugh. Side by side, talking and laughing. More importantly, there are childhood friends, two innocent children, an old man with childlike innocence, and a man with a beautiful life and a small family.
On such a rainy weekend, standing on the node of time, I seem to hear an old and simple voice telling me about the people and things that have happened in Wanzai ancient city for thousands of years.
This weekend, I came to Wanzai Ancient City!
The material of this article comes from the Smart Client published by Bi Wanzai. The manuscripts of WeChat WeChat official account and Mr. Yi Dingguo were shot by Ms. Li Jinhua. Thank you very much