Entering Shangyou County, every household here has exquisite and unique plaque frames painted on the door. There are four large characters written inside the plaque frame, which is dazzling and shining. This is the "Shangyou Hakka Gate Plaque" that was included in the "Intangible Cultural Heritage" protection list by the Jiangxi Provincial People's Government in June 2006. As the saying goes, one place has its own customs, and the "Hakka door plaque" is the unique custom of Shangyou. When you walk into Shangyou Village, you don't have to ask passers-by. Just look at the village gate plaque and you will know how many surnames there are in the village, where they migrated from, and who they are descendants of. So, where is the secret? The secret is in the "inscription on the door plaque".

Although there are four words in the "gate plaque inscription", most of them only need to read the first two words. Examples are as follows:

1. Use the origin of the surname as the inscription. Such as "Banzhu family style" (surnamed Fu).

"Banzhu" represents the surname Fu. According to historical records, the prime minister of the Yin Shang King Wu Ding (about 1335-1246 BC) was originally a slave who was engaged in "print building" work. (Banzhu means building a wall with two wooden planks sandwiched between soil, adding some wheat straw to the soil, pounding the soil with a pestle to make it adhere firmly, and then increasing the height layer by layer to form thick earth walls, which are similar to those in southern Gansu. Before Wu Ding took office, he traveled among the people and met a slave who was engaged in "block construction" at a construction site. This slave was very thoughtful and insightful. Wu Ding learned many skills from him, and Forged a deep friendship with him. Wu Ding once said: "If one day I can become the king, I will appoint you as the prime minister." Later, Wu Ding really became the king. In order to recommend "Banzhu" slaves to come out to help govern the country, Wu Ding used the method of the late king Cheng Tang to entrust his dreams, and called the palace painter to draw the head of the "Banzhu" slave, and called people to the "Fu Yan" east of Pinglu, Shanxi today. The local government found this slave and actually made him prime minister. "Banzhu" After the slave took office, he put forward his political ideas of "building a state and establishing a capital, conducting political affairs with integrity, controlling chaos and punishing evil," "auxiliary governance to blossom, fearing heaven and protecting the people, and achieving success from beginning to end." The rebellious ministers who did not do bad things but did bad things were eliminated one by one on the basis of their faults. After that, they expanded land and cultivated Li valley across the country, vigorously developed poultry and livestock breeding, developed agriculture, and also vigorously developed the smelting and ceramic industries to find new economic growth points. . Later, the Yin Shang Dynasty quickly turned from weak to strong, forming a good situation in which the country was peaceful and the people were safe. Since the "Banzhu" slave was found from the place "Fu Yan", Wu Ding gave him the surname "Fu" and called him Fu Shuo. The descendants of Fu Shuo were named Fu.

2. Use "the name of the county" as the inscription. Such as "Taiyuan Heirloom" (surname Wang).

"Taiyuan" is the name of the county in the Qin and Han Dynasties. Taiyuan County was governed in Jinyang, southwest of present-day Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. Historically, the surname Wang was one of the prominent families in Taiyuan County, and the "Taiyuan" in the inscription represents the surname Wang. The so-called county refers to an ancient administrative district. For example, in the early Qin Dynasty, China was divided into 36 counties, and in the early Western Han Dynasty, China was divided into 103 counties. Historically speaking, every surname was prestigious in at least one county, and the name of the county would be used to represent the surname when it was written on the door plaque. This kind of inscription still accounts for a large proportion of the above.

3. Use the surname and hall number as the inscription. Such as "Zijing Chuanfang" (surname Tian).

"Zijing" is the name of the surname Tian, ??which comes from the story of the separation of the three brothers surnamed Tian. There were three brothers in the Sui Dynasty: Tian Zhen, Tian Qing and Tian Guang. After the three brothers got married, they decided to divide the family and divide the family property into three parts. I also plan to cut the redbud tree full of flowers in the courtyard into three sections. The next day, all the redbud trees that were originally lush and tall withered overnight. The three brothers were shocked when they saw this situation. At this time, they began to repent bitterly: "Why are brothers and sisters separated like this? Even the trees feel sad, weep for them, and don't want to live anymore." The elder brother said solemnly: "The trees They were originally connected to each other, but they were so sad because they heard that they were going to be cut into three pieces. We are not even as good as trees!" Then he said, "Why can't we continue our old life? Being of the same mind can break metal. We are the same body of life. If we want to revive our family business, we must work together, live in harmony, and be united.

"So they burned the separation contract together in front of the redbud tree, and decided to continue to work together and live a happy life together. On the third day, when the sun climbed up the branches early, the younger brother opened the window and Look, I was surprised to find that the leaves of the redbud tree were green again." From then on, the brothers became more friendly, supported and helped each other, and never mentioned the separation. The beautiful redbud tree was as lush as ever.

4. Use famous ancestors of each surname as inscriptions.

1. Use the name and number of the ancestors as the inscription. Such as "Ziyang Shize" (surname Zhu).

"Zi Yang" is the nickname of Zhu Xi, a famous Neo-Confucianist, thinker, philosopher, poet, educator and writer in the Southern Song Dynasty.

2. Use the secluded place of the ancestors as the inscription. Such as "Fuchun Liufang" (surname Yan).

Yan Ziling, a native of Yuyao in the Eastern Han Dynasty. When he was a young student, he and Liu Xiu were classmates. Later, when Liu Xiu became emperor, he sent people around to find Yan Ziling and become an official in the court. Yan Ziling refused three times in a row and replied: "Scholars have their own interests, why do you have to force me to enter the official career?" In order to avoid further trouble from the court, he simply moved his family to the Fuchun River in Tonglu to farm and fish. .

3. Use the official position of the ancestors as the inscription. Such as the "Four Remonstrance Legacy" (surnamed Yu, etc.)

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yu Jing, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Su, and Cai Xiang were appointed to the Remonstrance Court. Become the "Four Admonitions". Yu Jing actively put forward various suggestions and advocated changing the old law that relied solely on "ancestral stories". For example, suggestions such as promoting talents, eliminating redundant soldiers and officials, easing rents and taxes, supporting farmers and mulberry trees, saving Buddhist services, and saving national resources. It involves many aspects such as personnel affairs, civil administration, border affairs, criminal law, rent and taxes, and the prevention of banditry. All the above provided the theoretical basis and public opinion preparation for Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi and others to later implement the reform measures of the "Qingli New Deal". Yu himself was an active participant in the "Qingli New Deal".

4. The inscription is based on the palace where the ancestors served. Such as "Dongguan Liuhui" (surname Huang)

After becoming an official in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Huang Xiang was first appointed as a doctor. Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty summoned him and asked him to enter Dongguan (National Library) to read all the royal books. He later served as Shangshu Lang and was promoted to Prime Minister Zuo.

5. Use the legends of our ancestors as the inscription. Such as "six seals signify good fortune" (surname Ling).

Ling Ce of the Northern Song Dynasty was a Jinshi during the Yongxi period. Legend has it that when he first ascended to the throne, he dreamed that someone gave him six seals and a sword. As expected, he later served in Jianwai six times (there is Jianmen Pass in the north of Sichuan Province, and the Shuzhong area in the south of Guan is called "Jianwai"). As an official, he is a good judge and has political achievements wherever he goes. Official to the Minister of Industry.

6. The inscription is based on the accomplishments of the ancestors. Such as "lying in the snow and high in the wind" (surname Yuan).

Yuan An, a minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty, once lived in Luoyang. It happened to be snowing heavily. The Luoyang order patrolled in front of his door. Seeing that he had closed the door and showed no signs of movement, he ordered people to sweep the snow inside, only to find him lying stiff in the house. When I asked him why he didn't go out to visit, he said: "It's snowing and people are freezing, so it's not good to bother others." The Luoyang Order recognized him as a virtuous man and promoted him as Xiaolian. During the Ming Dynasty, Yuan An successively served as the prefect of Chu County and Yin of Henan Province, and was known for his strictness.

7. Use the talents of our ancestors as the inscription. Such as "the legacy of seizing seats" (surname Dai).

Dai Ping of the Eastern Han Dynasty studied "Jingshi Yi". At the age of sixteen, the county recommended him to be a Ming Jing, and later he was recruited to become a doctor, and he was appointed as a waiter. On New Year's Day, Emperor Guangwu gathered all the officials in the court and asked those who could expound the scriptures to challenge each other. If there were those who were unable to interpret the scriptures, they would take away their seats to make way for those who could. Dai Ping then won more than fifty seats, and everyone in the capital said, "There is no end to Dai Shizhong's interpretation of the scriptures."

8. Use the remarks of the ancestors as the inscription. Such as "three provinces Liufang" (surname Zeng).

The "Learning Chapter" of "The Analects of Confucius" contains: "Zengzi said, 'I have to examine myself three times every day: Have I been unfaithful in my plans for others? Have I not believed in my friends? Have I not learned to pass them on?"

9. Use the praise and evaluation of important figures as the inscription. Such as "Jinyu Family Sound" (Fu surname).

Fu Yaoyu of the Northern Song Dynasty was a Jinshi at the age of 20, and served as the Supervisory Censor and the Minister of Zhongshu. He is a kind man, taciturn and social with others, without setting up a city. When he was appointed Minister of the Ministry of War, the Empress Dowager praised him as "Fu Shilang, Qingcheng, always unchanging, a true gentleman of gold and jade". People also praised him as a "golden gentleman" who had the three virtues of "clearness, straightforwardness and courage".