1. What are the nutrients of lemon?

Lemon has extremely high nutritional value. It is not only rich in vitamins, but also contains many essential trace elements such as Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, etc. , also contains unique lemon oil and citric acid.

Lemon is a treasure. Its peel, leaves and flowers can be used to extract essential oils. Essential oils are important raw materials for food and beauty cosmetics. After juice is squeezed from the lemon embryo, candied fruit and jam can be made. , pastries, and can also be used to make wine; lemon juice can be made into drinks, tea and various condiments, which is fragrant and delicious. Therefore, lemon is a common fruit on the Western table and is known as the "King of Western Food".

Traditional Chinese medicine also has special evaluations of lemons, which are believed to have the effects of clearing heat, sterilizing, strengthening the spleen, appetizing, resolving phlegm, and relieving coughs. Eating lemon fruit or drinking lemon juice can dissolve food, relieve hangover, and lose weight.

Women who eat lemon can also moisturize, nourish and eliminate odor. According to medical reports, due to the degradation of blood circulation function, blood circulation in the brain is blocked, which hinders the normal work of brain cells and causes memory deterioration.

Lemon contains water-soluble vitamin C with antioxidant effect, which can effectively improve the problem of poor blood circulation. Therefore, consuming lemons every day can help strengthen memory and improve the flexibility of thinking and reaction.

According to medical reports, due to the degradation of blood circulation function, blood circulation in the brain is blocked, which hinders the normal work of brain cells and causes memory deterioration. Lemon contains water-soluble vitamin C with antioxidant effect, which can effectively improve the problem of poor blood circulation.

Therefore, consuming lemons every day can help strengthen memory and improve the flexibility of thinking and reaction. You can use it directly, or you can soak it in water and drink it.

2. Lemon nutrition and taboos

Lemon is a fruit with high nutritional and medicinal value. It is rich in vitamin C, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins and other nutrients. It has many functions, but you should also pay attention to the taboos when eating lemons.

1 Lemons are generally not eaten raw, but are processed into drinks or foods. Such as lemon juice, lemon jam, lemon slices, lemon cake, etc., can play the same medicinal role, such as improving vision and dark adaptability, reducing fatigue, etc.

2 Don’t use plastic bottles. We all know that any plastic container will not last for a long time, let alone lemons, which are acidic and corrosive. Horrible plasticizer.

3 It is best to use warm water between 60 and 80 degrees to make lemon water. This kind of lemon water will not be bitter and can easily extract the nutrients of lemons. Warm water will not irritate the stomach.

4 Be sure to pay attention to the right amount: don’t drink too much lemonade; put less lemon slices, just one slice. No matter how good the food is, it should not be consumed unscrupulously.

5 For those who like to drink lemonade on an empty stomach in the morning, it is best to add a spoonful of honey. Do not add too many lemon slices, and the lemonade should be light. For people with bad gastrointestinal problems, it is best not to drink lemon water on an empty stomach in the morning, or drink less of it.

6 Lemon is extremely sour and can easily damage tendons and teeth. It is not advisable to eat too much. People with toothache should avoid eating it, as should people with diabetes. In addition, it should not be used by patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers or hyperacidity.

3. Lemon knowledge

If lemons are stored for a period of time under conditions where the oxygen concentration is lower than 3 and the carbon dioxide concentration is higher than 10, it will have a negative impact on the flavor. Carbon dioxide above 10 can increase the decay of lemons and reduce the sourness. Oxygen below 5 can cause lemons to taste bad. Paying attention to pre-harvest management, timely harvesting, selecting appropriate harvesting methods, timely antiseptic treatment, fruit selection, grading, waxing, packaging and storage management can extend the storage period of lemons. In Sichuan, my country, lemons are generally harvested from late October to late November and can be stored until May of the following year.

1. Harvesting standards

1. Maturity standards. The juice content reaches 28-30% (depending on the grade)

Color: Dark green fruits have a long storage period, while yellow fruits must be put on the market immediately after picking.

2. Quality standards.

The degree and uniformity of fruit yellowness, fruit size, shape, smoothness, acidity, no rot, frost damage, dried fruit, no mechanical damage, no peel stains, red spots, shrinkage, variegated colors, etc.

2. Preservation method

1. Chemical preservation method. ①Supplies. 5% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, 5% bleaching powder solution, burned briquette residue or activated carbon, plastic woven bag. ② Preservative preparation. Soak the residue after burning briquettes or activated carbon with 5% potassium permanganate solution for several hours, then take it out, drain off the solution, place it in a dark and ventilated place to dry until semi-dry, and make small pieces or particles, which are preservatives. . ③ Disinfect plastic woven bags. Clean and disinfect the plastic woven bag with 5% bleach and place it in a cool place to dry. ④Bagging. Put the lemons and preservative into a plastic bag at a weight ratio of 4:1, seal it and store it in a low temperature and dark place. The best temperature is 0℃-12℃. Use this method to store lemons, and the storage period can be up to 200 days.

2. Film preservation method (fruit preservation film agent). This is a coating preservative suitable for citrus, lemon and other fruits. ①Formula. 4.0 kg of candelilla wax, 1.2 kg of oleic acid, 0.05 kg of xylene, 0.1 kg of ethylene glycol, 0.2 kg of sodium carborate, 0.9 kg of morpholine, and 22.2 kg of water. ②Preparation method. After heating the above materials to 80°C and mixing, add them to 80°C hot water and stir evenly. ③How to use. When using, the lemons can be washed, dried, dipped in a layer of coating agent, and then stored in an environment of 10℃-20℃. The shelf life can be extended from 1 week to 7 weeks to 10 weeks to 20 weeks.

3. All-purpose preservative liquid preservation method. American researchers recently invented an all-purpose preservative liquid for fruit preservation and obtained a U.S. patent. According to reports, this fully functional preservative solution is to adjust the pH value of 3% citric acid or 75-80% food-grade orthophosphoric acid to below 3.5, add 30-40% sucrose, 0.3% less sodium benzoate or ascorbic acid, 0.03% Formulated with calcium hydrogen phosphate. The use of this preservative liquid can not only prevent the fruit from fading and inhibit bacterial growth, but also prevent the fruit from shrinking and cracking, keep the texture of the fruit pulp unchanged, increase the sugar content and keep the flavor as new.

3. Disease prevention and control

Physiological diseases of lemons include cold damage and oil spots, while pathological diseases are mainly green mold, penicillium, black spot, etc.

Prevention and control measures: Harvest carefully to reduce wounds, abrasions, scratches and other injuries; treat with fungicides or biological antagonists before harvesting; quickly cool down to a suitable temperature; maintain appropriate conditions during transportation and storage temperature and relative humidity to reduce ethylene accumulation; the operating environment should be clean, etc.

4. Nutrition of fruit lemons

Lemons, also known as lemons, belong to the citrus category and belong to the Rutaceae family. It is a small plant tree with purple-red leaves and flowers and light green leaves. The fruit of lemon is either oblong or oval, with a papilla-shaped front end, light yellow, rough surface, extremely sour flesh, thick skin and rich aroma.

Our country has introduced lemon cultivation from abroad since the early 1920s. After nearly 80 years of cultivation and domestication, many provinces and cities in the south now have lemon gardens, but the lemons from Anyue, Sichuan are the most famous. , the lemons there are big, thick and juicy. Since lemons have the habit of blooming and bearing fruits all year round, fresh lemon fruits can be seen on the market at any time.

Lemons have extremely high nutritional value. They are not only rich in vitamins (such as vitamin C, vitamin P , vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2), contains many essential trace elements Ca, P, Fe, Zn, Mg, etc., and also contains unique lemon oil and citric acid. Lemon is a treasure. Its peel, leaves and flowers can be used to extract essential oils. Essential oils are important raw materials for food and beauty cosmetics. After juice is squeezed from the lemon embryo, candied fruits, jams, cakes and wine can be made. Lemon juice can be made into drinks, tea and various condiments, which is fragrant and delicious. Therefore, lemon is a common fruit on the Western table and is known as the "King of Western Food".

Traditional Chinese medicine also has special evaluations of lemons, which are believed to have the effects of clearing heat, sterilizing, strengthening the spleen, appetizing, resolving phlegm, and relieving coughs.

Eating lemon fruit or drinking lemon juice can dissolve food, relieve hangover, and lose weight.

Women who eat lemon can also moisturize, nourish and eliminate odor. What’s even more interesting is that this year’s Specialty Culture Festival in October will be held in Anyue, Sichuan, known as the “Hometown of Lemons in China”. It is said that there will be a lemon banquet reception with the theme of “lemon culture”. Thousands of people will gather on the streets to taste lemon delicacies, drink lemon drinks, enjoy the night view of Anyue, and fully experience the joy and beauty that lemons bring to people.

5. Nutritional value of lemons

Nutritional content of lemons per 100 grams

Energy: 35 kcal, protein, 1.1 grams of fat, 1.2 grams of carbohydrates, 6.2 grams of dietary fiber 1.3 g Thiamine 0.05 mg Riboflavin 0.02 mg Niacin 0.6 mg Vitamin C 20 mg Vitamin E 1.14 mg Calcium 101 mg Phosphorus 22 mg Potassium 209 mg Sodium 1.1 mg Magnesium 37 mg Iron 0.8 mg Zinc 0.65 mg Selenium 0.5 μg Copper 0.14 mg manganese 0.05 mg.

1. Lemon contains niacin and rich organic acids, and its taste is extremely sour. Citric acid juice has a strong bactericidal effect and is very good for food hygiene. Experiments show that lemon juice with extremely strong acidity It can kill all the bacteria in sea shells within 15 minutes;

2. Lemon is rich in aroma, which can remove the fishy smell of meat and aquatic products, and can make the meat more tender. Lemon can also promote The secretion of proteolytic enzymes in the stomach increases gastrointestinal motility. Lemons are often used to make cold dishes and pickled foods in the daily lives of Westerners;

3. Lemon juice contains a large amount of citrate , can inhibit the crystallization of calcium salts, thereby preventing the formation of kidney stones, and even the formed stones can be dissolved. Therefore, eating lemon can prevent and treat kidney stones and reduce the stones in some patients with chronic kidney stones;

4. Eating lemons can also prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. It can alleviate the effect of calcium ions in promoting blood coagulation, and can prevent and treat high blood pressure and myocardial infarction. Citric acid can shrink and strengthen capillaries, reduce permeability, and improve coagulation. Function and platelet number, it can shorten the coagulation time and bleeding time 31~71, and has a hemostatic effect;

5. Fresh lemon is extremely rich in vitamins and is a natural beauty product that can prevent and eliminate skin pigmentation. It is calm and has whitening effect;

6. Lemon raw food also has good anti-fetal and anti-vomiting effects, so lemon is a fruit suitable for women.

It can be consumed by the general population.

6. What are the nutritional values ??of lemons?

Lemons have extremely high nutritional value. They are not only rich in vitamins, but also contain many trace elements Ca, Fe, Zn, and Mg that are necessary for the human body. etc., and also contains unique lemon oil and citric acid. Lemon is a treasure. Its peel, leaves and flowers can be used to extract essential oils. Essential oils are important raw materials for food and beauty cosmetics. After juice is squeezed from the lemon embryo, candied fruits, jams, cakes and wine can be made. Lemon juice can be made into drinks, tea and various condiments, which is fragrant and delicious. Therefore, lemon is a common fruit on the Western table and is known as the "King of Western Food". Chinese medicine also has special evaluations of lemons, which believe that lemons have the effects of clearing away heat, sterilizing, strengthening the spleen, appetizing, resolving phlegm, and relieving coughs. Eating lemon fruit or drinking lemon juice can dissolve food, relieve hangover, and lose weight. Women who eat lemon also have the functions of moisturizing, nourishing and eliminating odor. According to medical reports, due to the degradation of blood circulation function, blood circulation in the brain is blocked, which hinders the normal work of brain cells and causes memory deterioration. Lemon contains water-soluble vitamin C with antioxidant effect, which can effectively improve the problem of poor blood circulation. Therefore, consuming lemons every day can help strengthen memory and improve the flexibility of thinking and reaction.

According to medical reports, due to the degradation of blood circulation function, blood circulation in the brain is blocked, which hinders the normal work of brain cells and causes memory deterioration. Lemon contains water-soluble vitamin C with antioxidant effect, which can effectively improve the problem of poor blood circulation. Therefore, consuming lemons every day can help strengthen memory and improve the flexibility of thinking and reaction.

You can use it directly, or you can drink it by soaking it in water

7. Safety tips. Lemon information

Lemon open categories: fans, lemon fruit, lemon Lemon, lemon, lemon níng méng (lemon) Lemon is a small tree or shrub with spreading branches of the Rutaceae family.

The scientific name is Citrus limon(L.)Burm.f. Also known as lemon fruit, lemon, mother fruit.

Because of its sour taste, pregnant women with liver deficiency like to eat it most, so it is called mother-nut fruit or mother-child benefit. Lemon is a small evergreen tree belonging to the citrus family Rutaceae.

It has not yet been determined whether it is native to southwestern China and southwestern Myanmar, or to the eastern region of the southern foothills of the Himalayas. The main producing countries are now Italy, Greece, Spain and the United States.

The tree has an open posture, with many needle-pricked branches, and the young tips are often purple-red. The petioles are short and the wing leaves are not obvious.

The flowers are white with purple, slightly fragrant, solitary or in racemes of 3 to 6 flowers. The orange fruit is yellow and shiny, oval or obovate, with ***-shaped protrusions on the top. The oil cells are large and obviously concave. The skin is difficult to peel off, has a sour taste, and has 8 to 12 pulp valves that are difficult to separate.

The seeds are oval and mostly single embryos. There are dozens of cultivated varieties, mainly including Eureka and Lisbon.

Lemons are one of the least cold-tolerant types of citrus. It is suitable for places where the winter is warm, the summer is not very hot, and the temperature is relatively stable.

Propagation by cuttings is very easy to survive, but grafting is mostly used in production, using rough lemon (a hybrid of lemon) with strong root system as the rootstock. Suitable for cultivation in warm, gentle slopes with deep soil and good drainage.

Anniversary blooming, blooming 3 to 4 times a year. The fruit is rich in vitamin C and citric acid.

There is lemon oil with a special fragrance in the oil cells of the peel, and it also contains vitamin P. After sufficient growth, they are harvested without waiting for yellowing, and then ripened with ethylene to turn the peel yellow.

It is resistant to storage and transportation. In addition to being eaten fresh, it can be used to make various beverages and extract lemon oil. There is less cultivation in China. There is a kind of "Beijing lemon" in the north. There is no ***-shaped protrusion on the top of the fruit. It is not sour and has aroma. It is only potted for viewing.

Lemon plants can reach a height of 3 to 6 meters without pruning. The young leaves are obviously red and gradually turn green later.

The young branches of some varieties have ribs; some varieties have sharp spines between the leaf axils. The flowers are large, fragrant, solitary or axillary in clusters; the flower buds are red, the upper part of the petals is white, and the lower part is reddish purple. It can be used to make drinks, contains vitamin P, and can also extract lemon oil.

The fruit is oval in shape, with a wide and short ***-shaped protrusion at the top; 8 to 10 valves; yellow when mature. Some varieties have thicker exocarps and white, spongy mesocarps, which are basically tasteless and are the main source of commercial pectin.

Seeds are small, ovoid, pointed at the end; occasionally seedless. The pulp tastes extremely sour.

The main acid is citric acid, which accounts for more than 5% of the total juice. Lemon juice is rich in vitamin C and contains small amounts of B vitamins.

After the Crusaders discovered lemons in Palestine, lemons began to be distributed throughout Europe. Today, lemon trees are cultivated to a limited extent in most tropical and subtropical regions.

Commercially grown lemon trees are usually propagated by bud grafting, and the coastal areas of Italy and California are most suitable for lemon cultivation. Generally planted in orchards, the distance between plants is 5 to 8 meters.

Usually blooms every year, and the fruits are harvested 6 to 10 times a year. The diameter of mature commercial fruits is about 5 cm. The fruits are generally harvested before they are ripe and can be stored for 3 months after processing.

It begins to bear fruit in the third year after planting and reaches commercial fruit after five years. On average, each tree produces 1,500 fruits per year.

Because lemons are easily bruised, wear gloves when picking. Anyue County, Ziyang City, Sichuan Province is the only lemon commodity production base county in the country and the hometown of lemons in China.

The main cultivated variety, Ulike, was introduced from the United States in the 1920s. After more than seventy years of cultivation and selection, new strains with early fruiting, high yield and high quality have been developed.

According to the measurements of the China Citrus Research Institute for three consecutive years, the quality of Anyue lemon fruits and lemon oil are superior to those of the world's major lemon producing countries such as the United States and Italy.

It has won many national and provincial high-quality fruit titles and the gold medal at the 1993 Thailand High-Quality Fruit Expo. Anyue County began to build a lemon commodity production base in 1986. Through hard work, it has now built 18 base towns and planted 8 million lemons. In 2000, it produced 32,000 tons of lemon fruits. The current annual output of fresh fruits reaches 150,000 tons. .

By 2010, the Anyue lemon planting area will reach 200,000 acres, with an annual output of more than 250,000 tons of fresh fruit. Anyue County Yihong Agricultural Development Company has invested in a new national-level lemon standardized production base of 20,000 acres. The base and fresh lemon fruits have passed the strict inspection of the national import and export inspection and quarantine department and obtained independent export operation rights.

It has laid a quality foundation for Anyue Lemon to go global. Lemons are gradually becoming a green pillar industry in Fuminxing County, Anyue.

The products are exported to more than ten countries and regions including Russia, Kazakhstan, Hong Kong, and Macau, as well as more than 20 large and medium-sized cities in China. Its output, scale and market share all account for more than 70% of the country's total.

In the 15th century, in pursuit of spices and gold, European adventurers took sailing ships across the ocean to compete for colonies. However, during the voyage, sailors were often attacked by a plague-like disease, scurvy, and thousands of lives were lost.

In 1593, more than 10,000 British sailors died of scurvy, and four-fifths of sailors from Spain, Portugal and other countries died of scurvy. Before and after these events, another miracle happened.

In 153, some French explorers spent the winter in Canada. 110 of them suffered from scurvy. The local Indians told them to drink water soaked in pine needles. In desperation, the patients drank This kind of water was actually saved. From 1772 to 1775, when the British Captain Cook led the ship on his second voyage, during the three-year expedition across the Pacific, only one of the 118 crew members died. It turned out that Captain Cook ordered the crew to eat regularly. Pickles saved the crew from scurvy.

Research on the treatment of scurvy first began with the British doctor Linde. In the mid-18th century, he tried fresh vegetables, fruits and drugs to conduct medical experiments on sailors suffering from scurvy. Once, when he was treating scurvy among sailors on the British ship "Ship 5", he selected some sailors and divided them into six groups, using different methods for treatment, such as different foods, drugs, physical therapy, etc.

The unexpected result was that the patients who took the medicine showed no improvement. On the contrary, the patients in the group who took the lemon seemed to have taken the "elixir", their illnesses were cured and they quickly recovered. . More than 40 years later, the British Navy adopted this method and required each sailor to drink a certain amount of lemon leaf water every day while at sea.

After only two years, scurvy was eradicated from the British navy. The British often use the interesting nickname "Lemon Man" to refer to them.

8. How to eat fresh lemon [Health knowledge]

How to use fresh lemon fruit 1. Drink fresh lemon directly: wash the fresh lemon fruit, cut it into 2mm thick slices, remove the seeds and put it directly into a cup with cold water, add an appropriate amount of rock sugar and drink. 2. Preparation of candied lemons: Wash the lemons, slice them, and remove the seeds. According to the ratio of 1 kilogram of lemon slices to 2 to 3 kilograms of granulated sugar, use a layer of lemons and a layer of sugar. Put them into a porcelain jar or bottle and seal tightly. After a week Ready to drink (diabetic patients can use salting, the method is the same as sugaring, the amount of salt is 25~30 times the amount of lemon) 3. Lemons are used in cooking: When cooking foods with a fishy smell, you can put fresh lemon slices or lemon juice into the pot before cooking to remove the fishy smell and greasy food. 4. Lemon fresh fruit beauty: wash and slice the lemon, put it in cold boiled water for 3 to 5 minutes, and then use it to apply on the face, wipe the body, and wash the hair. With long-term use, it can melt away the spots on the face and body, and achieve the effect of making your hair look like a waterfall of ink, your face like jade, and your body like condensed fat.

5.

Lemon deodorization and preservation: Put 2 to 3 pounds of fresh lemon fruit naked in the refrigerator or living room, which can play a good role in removing odors in the refrigerator or living room; place slices in the pickle jar to remove the whitening and make the pickles crisp and refreshing.

9. The nutritional value of lemons

The nutritional value of lemons is extremely high. It is not only rich in vitamins (such as vitamin C, vitamin P, vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin B1, Vitamin B2), contains many essential trace elements Ca, P, Fe, Zn, Mg, etc., and also contains unique lemon oil and citric acid. Lemon is a treasure. Its peel, leaves and flowers can be used to extract essential oils. Essential oils are important raw materials for food and beauty cosmetics. After juice is squeezed from the lemon embryo, candied fruits, jams, cakes and wine can be made. Lemon juice can be made into drinks, tea and various condiments, which is fragrant and delicious. Therefore, lemon is a common fruit on the Western table and is known as the "King of Western Food".

Traditional Chinese medicine also has special evaluations of lemons, which are believed to have the effects of clearing heat, sterilizing, strengthening the spleen, appetizing, resolving phlegm, and relieving coughs. Eating lemon fruit or drinking lemon juice can dissolve food, relieve hangover, and lose weight.