Su Shi was born in Yumei Meishan on December 19th (103765438+1October 8th) in Jing Shou, Song Renzong, and is a descendant of Su Weidao, a minister in the early Tang Dynasty. Su Shi's grandfather is Su Xu, the word Zhongxian, and his grandmother is Shi.

Su Shi's father, Su Xun, is the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in The Amethyst. Su Xun worked hard, although he was late. Su Shi's name "stone" originally meant the armrest in front of the car, which means it is indispensable to help the poor from obscurity.

Su Shi is open-minded, frank and sincere, and has won the Taoist style. Good friends, good food, created a lot of food, good tea, and elegant mountain travel.

2. Exam in Beijing

In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Xun took Su Shi, who was 2 1 year old, and Su Zhe, who was 0/91year old, down the river from a remote area in Xishu, and went to Beijing to take the exam.

At that time, the examiner was Ouyang Xiu, a literary leader, and the assistant examiner was Mei, an old poet. These two men were determined to innovate in poetry, and Su Shi's fresh and free writing suddenly shocked them.

The theme of the strategy is "the theory of rewarding loyalty with punishment". Su Shi's On Loyalty and Forgiveness was praised by Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, but Ouyang Xiu mistakenly thought that it was written by his disciple Ceng Gong, so he had to take the second place to avoid suspicion.

Su Shi wrote in his article: "Hao Tao is a scholar and can kill people. Say kill the third; Yao said to kill the third one. " Both Ou and Mei appreciate his works, but they don't know the source of these words. Su Shi thanked him, that is, asked him, and Su Shi replied: "How do you know the source!"

After listening to this, Ouyang Xiu couldn't help admiring Su Shi's heroism and daring to innovate, and foresaw Su Shi's future: "This man can be said to be good at reading and using books, and his articles will be unique in the future."

3. The famous capital

With Ouyang Xiu's repeated praise, Su Shi became famous for a while. Every time he has a new book, it will spread all over Beijing immediately. When the father and son became famous in Beijing and were ready to show their talents, the bad news of Su Shi's mother's death suddenly came.

The two brothers went home with their father to attend the funeral. Jiayou returned to Beijing after the mourning period expired in October of the fourth year. In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi took the secondary education examination in China, which is commonly called "three-year Beijing inspection", and got the third place of "the first in a hundred years", and awarded the Dali judge and signature book.

Four years later, he went to the court to smell the drums. In the second year of Zhiping, Su Xun died of illness, and the brothers Su Shi and Su Zhe helped the coffin to return to their hometown for three years. Three years later, Su Shi returned to North Korea, and Wang Anshi's political reform, which shook the ruling and opposition parties, began.

Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who first appreciated him, were forced to leave Beijing because they opposed the new law and disagreed with the political views of the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peace in the world" he saw at the age of twenty.

Please leave Beijing by yourself.

In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), Su Shi wrote about the shortcomings of the new law. Wang Anshi was very angry and asked Xie Jing to tell Su Shi's fault in front of the emperor. Su Shi then requested to work in Beijing: from the fourth year of Xining to the seventh year of Xining (1074), and sent him to Hangzhou as a provincial judge.

In the autumn of the seventh year of Xining, he was transferred to Mizhou (Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and was well known. From April of the tenth year of Xining (1077) to March of Yuanfengnian (1079), he was known as Xuzhou, and Yuanfengnian was transferred to Huzhou in April. Get rid of the old and innovate, and make great contributions because of the convenience of the law.

5. Wutai Poetry Case

In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was 43 years old and transferred to Huzhou. After taking office, he wrote a letter to the emperor, Huzhou Xie Biao, which was a routine, but Su Shi was a poet.

Pens often carry feelings. Even if it is red tape, I can't forget to add a little personal color, saying that I am "stupid and untimely, and newcomers are hard to catch up with" and "old people can make trouble and old people can support the king". These words were caught by the new party.

Some people say that he "fooled North Korea and was arrogant", called him "resentful and angry", "accused and used Yu", "had ulterior motives", satirized the government, was reckless and rude, and was disloyal to the emperor. Such a big crime can be said to deserve to die.

They picked out sentences that they thought were ironic from a large number of Su Shi's poems, and for a time, there was a voice against the Soviet Union in the imperial court. On July 28th this year, Su Shi was arrested by the officials of Yushitai and taken to Beijing only three months after he took office. Dozens of people are involved.

This is the famous "Wutai Poetry Case" in the Northern Song Dynasty (Wutai, that is, the fish stone platform, is named after cypress trees planted on it, and crows inhabit it all year round). The great blow of Wutai poetry case became a turning point in his life.

The new party had to kill Su Shi. The ruling party and the opposition party also carried out rescue activities at the same time. Not only many elders with the same political views as Su Shi wrote in succession, but even some people of insight in the reformists advised Zongshen not to kill Su Shi.

Wang Anshi retired from Jinling at that time and wrote: "There is a saint in the world. How about killing talents?" With everyone's efforts, this poem was finalized by Wang Anshi's "one sentence", and Su Shi was given a lighter sentence and was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) as the deputy ambassador of the Youth Federation.

Placed in this state and supervised by local officials. Su Shi was imprisoned for 103 days and was on the verge of beheading several times. Su Shi was spared because of the national policy of not killing scholar-officials in Zhao Kuangyin in the Northern Song Dynasty.

6. Being demoted to Huangzhou

After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Ying Yong's deputy ambassador in Huangzhou (now Huanggang City, Hubei Province) (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is rather humble and has no real power. At this point, Su Shi has been disheartened by this battle.

After Su Shi took office, he died of depression. He visited Chibi Mountain outside Huangzhou City many times, and wrote famous works such as Red Cliff Fu, Post Red Cliff Fu, Nian Nujiao and Red Cliff Nostalgia.

In order to pin his thoughts and feelings in exile. Yu led his family to cultivate a sloping land in the east of the city and make a living by farming. It was at this time that he got the nickname "Dongpo lay man".

Step 7 make a comeback

1084 (the seventh year of Yuanfeng), Su Shi left Huangzhou and was ordered to go to Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou has a long way to go, and the travel expenses have been exhausted, plus the pain of losing children.

Su Shi wrote to the imperial court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being and live in Changzhou first, which was later approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away. Changzhou area is criss-crossed with water networks and beautiful scenery.

Living in Changzhou, he has no worries about hunger and cold, and can enjoy the beautiful scenery. Moreover, he is far away from the political disputes in Beijing and can get along with his family and many friends day and night. So Su Dongpo finally chose Changzhou as his final destination.

1085, Song Zhezong succeeded to the throne, and the empress dowager came to the court to listen to politics in the name of young Zhezong. Sima Guang was reactivated and the new party headed by Wang Anshi was suppressed. Su Shi returned to the DPRK to serve Lang Zhi and went to Dengzhou (Penglai).

Four months later, the doctor was recalled to North Korea. In the previous dynasty, he was promoted to Sheren, and three months later, he was promoted to Sheren in Zhongshu. Soon, he was promoted to the Imperial Academy of Hanlin, and the Ministry of Rites made him a tribute.

When Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law, he thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and made suggestions to the emperor again.

He attacked the corruption exposed after the old Party came to power, which aroused strong opposition from conservative forces and was falsely accused and framed. So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for external adjustment.

8. Building Su Causeway

In the fourth year of Yuan You (1089), Su Shi became a bachelor of Longtuge and learned about Hangzhou. Because the West Lake has not been dredged for a long time, it has been silted up for more than half. "The Pinghu Lake of Taiping Lake has been overgrown with weeds for a long time, which has seriously affected agricultural production."

In the second year of Su Shi's visit to Hangzhou, he dredged the West Lake, mobilized more than 200,000 migrant workers, expelled farmland, restored the old view, and set up three towers (now reflecting the moon in the three ponds) in the deepest part of the lake as symbols.

He collected dredged silt and built a long dike running through the West Lake, which was connected by six bridges for pedestrians. Later, it was called "Su Gong Di" or "Su Causeway" for short.

In the early morning of spring, Su Causeway is one of the top ten scenic spots in the West Lake, "Spring Dawn in Su Causeway", with willow covered with gauze, sparkling trees and birds singing and singing. "Dongpo built Su Causeway everywhere", and Su Shi built three long dikes in his life.

When Su Shi was demoted to Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui), he also dredged the West Lake and built dikes in Yingzhou. In the year of Shao Shengyuan (1094), Su Shi was demoted as the deputy envoy of the Far Ning Army and placed in Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong).

Su Shi, who was nearly sixty years old, galloped day and night and came to the relegation center all the way, which was warmly welcomed by the people in Lingnan. Su Shi took out the gold given by the emperor and donated money to dredge the West Lake and build a long embankment.

To this end, "the father and the old get together and the pot is empty. If you don't drink it for three days, you will kill all the chickens in the village. " People are celebrating. Today, this Su Causeway is at the entrance of Huizhou West Lake, just like a green belt, which passes through the center of the lake and divides the lake into two parts, Pinghu on the right and Hu Feng on the left.

9. Living in Danzhou

Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou. He compared himself with Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuan You (109 1), he was recalled to North Korea. But soon because of political differences.

Yuan You was transferred to Yingzhou in August of six years, Yangzhou in February of seven years (1092) and Dingzhou in September of eight years (1093).

After the death of Empress Dowager Gao in eight years, Zhezong came to power and the New Party came to power again. In June of Shao Shengyuan (1094), Huiyang (now Huizhou City, Guangdong Province) was relegated again.

In the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), 62-year-old Su Shi was sent to Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan), a desolate place on the edge of Peiguo. It is said that in the Song Dynasty, exile in Hainan was only a lighter punishment than copying others.

He regards Danzhou as his second hometown. "I'm from Danjiao, and I live in Xishu." He runs a school here, introduces the style of study, and makes many people travel thousands of miles to Danzhou to learn from Su Shi.

During the Song Dynasty 100 years, no one took the imperial examination in Hainan. However, shortly after Su Shi returned to the north, Jiang Tangzuo paid tribute to his hometown here. People have always regarded Su Shi as the pioneer and seeder of Danzhou culture and have deep respect for him.

Dongpo Village, Dongpo Well, Dongpo Field, Dongpo Road, Dongpo Bridge, Dongpo Hat, etc. The "Dongpo Ci" circulating in Danzhou so far expresses people's nostalgia, and even this language has a taste of "Dongpo Dialect".

10 final result

After Hui Zong acceded to the throne, Su Shi was transferred to Lianzhou for resettlement, Zhou Shu to Yong Lian for resettlement, and Yongzhou to Yongzhou for resettlement. In April of Fu Yuan's third year (1 100), he was pardoned, restored to Chao's identity and returned to the north.

Yu Jianzhong died on July 28th (1 10 1 August 24th) in Changzhou (now Jiangsu). He was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now Jiaxian County, Henan Province) at the age of 65.

Su Shi left a will and buried Shangri-La in Juntai Township, Tancheng County, Ruzhou. The following year, his son Su Guo transported his father's coffin to Tancheng County for burial. After Song Gaozong ascended the throne, he posthumously named Su Shi as a teacher and posthumous title as "Wen Zhong".

Extended data:

Su Shi's later years:

1099, 62-year-old Su Shi was demoted to Changhua Army (now Hainan Province). The old man who has experienced many vicissitudes has been living in the south of the motherland. Sadly, he is getting farther and farther away from the capital and his official position is getting lower and lower.

Su Shi, who was demoted to Changhua Army, originally lived in an official residence, but was later tried by the court and had to move away. In order to have a rest place, Su Shi had to build a house called Guanglang Temple in the south of Danzhou.

During his residence in Guanglang Temple, Su Shi wrote a very sad poem in his later years, and the word 10 was infinitely lonely. Look at that.

Tired of pillows and long nights, the small window is not clear.

A dog barked in an isolated village, but several people walked in the waning moon.

My aging temples have been white for a long time, so I went to Huai Kong to clean myself up.

There are winding latitudes in the barren garden. How to realize virtual weaving?

A chill rushed into the bedroom, and moonlight filled every corner of the courtyard. What a sunny autumn night! The night is getting colder and the dew is getting heavier and heavier. It condenses into many small water droplets on bamboo leaves, and drops down from time to time. At this time, the moon shines in the sky, covering the little star, just like the eyes of a sleepy person, opening and closing.

The moon has set in the west and the earth is getting dark. I only saw fireflies carrying small lanterns and shining with faint starlight. The bird living by the stream outside the bamboo forest woke up.

They are calling each other, ready to take off together to welcome the new day. This night, I was thinking about thousands of things, which one is not related to the war? Sleepless all night, I can only sigh that such a beautiful night has passed in vain.

The title of this poem is Tired Night, which was written in the early morning of one night. Su Shi was extremely lonely in his later years. Although he often has broad-minded words, in his heart, untold pain is obvious.

In particular, the poem "A dog barks in a lonely village and a few people walk in the waning moon" describes the desolation of Su Shi's living environment at that time, in order to contrast Su Shi's own infinite loneliness.

Character story:

1 Dongpo bean jelly

According to legend, during the Northern Song Dynasty, when Su Dongpo, a great writer, was appointed as the judge of Fengxiang Prefecture (now Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), he spent the summer in East Lake in Fengxiang, and there was nothing cool to eat in hot summer. He ordered people to grind beans (also called lentils) into powder and cook them into paste.

It is put into a stone container, cooled and cut into strips, and seasoned with salt, vinegar and pepper. Because of its cool and smooth taste and the effect of relieving summer heat, it was later spread to Fengxiang folk. In order to commemorate him, later generations called it "Dongpo bean jelly", which has been passed down to this day.

2. Fo Yin

Su Shi is a gifted scholar and Fo Yin is a monk. They often meditate and meditate together. Fo Yin is honest and always bullied by Su Shi. Su Shi is sometimes happy to take advantage. When he comes home, he likes to tell his talented sister Su Xiaomei.

One day, they meditated together again. Su Shi asked, "What do you think I look like?" Fo Yin said, "I think you look like a Buddha." Su Shi smiled and said to Fo Yin, "Do you know what I look like when you sit there? Just like a cow dung. "

This time, Fo Yin ate YaBaKui again. Su Shi showed off in front of Su Xiaomei when he got home. Su Xiaomei laughed at his brother and said, "As far as you understand it, you are still meditating. Do you know what meditators pay most attention to?

What you see in your heart is what you see in your eyes. Fo Yin said that if you look like a Buddha, it means that he has a Buddha in his heart; You said Fo Yin was like cow dung. Think about what's on your mind! "

Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian live in Jinshan Temple. One day, they made bread to eat. They agreed not to tell Fo Yin, a monk in the temple, about the cake fight. After a while, the cake was ripe and they counted it.

First, present the cake to Guanyin Bodhisattva, bow down and pray diligently. Unexpectedly, Fo Yin hid in God's account in advance. When they knelt down to pray, they reached out and stole two cakes.

When Su Shi finished worshipping, he got up and saw that two cakes were missing. Then he knelt down and prayed, "Guanyin Bodhisattva is amazing. She ate two cakes. Why didn't she come out to see him? " Fo Yin replied in his account: "If I had noodles, I would cook some food with you. How dare I bother you? "

Su Dongpo is in Hangzhou and likes to make friends with monks in West Lake Temple. He and monk Fo Yin of Jinshan Temple are good friends. They often joke while drinking and reciting poems. Monks in Fo Yin are delicious. Whenever Su Dongpo treats guests at a banquet, he always comes uninvited.

One night, Su Dongpo invited Huang Tingjian to visit the West Lake, and many tables and drinks were prepared on board. When the cruise ship left the shore, Su Dongpo smiled and said to Huang Tingjian, "Fo Yin will attend every party. Tonight, let's take a boat to the lake to drink and recite poems and have a good time.

He can't come under any circumstances. "Who knows, Fo Yin monk has long known that Su Dongpo wanted to swim with Huang Tingjian, so he hid under the cabin plate in advance when they didn't get on the boat.

The bright moon is in the sky, the breeze is cool, and the lotus fragrance is full of lakes. The cruise ship slowly arrived at the Three Towers of the West Lake. Su Dongpo raised his glass and smoothed his beard. He said happily to Huang Tingjian, "Today, we are very quiet without Fo Yin. Let's have some wine first.

The first two sentences should be immediate, and the last two sentences should end with the word "in". "Huang Tingjian said," all right! "Su Dongpo said first:" What can the sky say when the clouds open and the moon shines? "? What does the sky say? "Huang Tingjian looked at the lotus full of lakes.

Then he said, "Li Anping pushed the fish away and swam out. This is a good thing! Get what you want! " At that time, Fo Yin couldn't help getting off the deck. Huang Tingjian said, he pushed open the deck and climbed out.

He said, "When the board is pushed away, Fo Yin will come out, which is really frustrating! Hey! " Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were startled to see a man suddenly climb out from under the planking. When they looked carefully, it turned out to be Fo Yin, and they heard him say these four poems.

I can't help laughing. Su Dongpo took Fo Yin to sit down and said, "You hid it well, and you are right. You ate again today! " So the three of them swam around the lake while enjoying the moon, talking and laughing.

One night, Dongpo and his good friend Fo Yin went boating together. It's late autumn, the golden wind is cool, the water waves are sparkling, and the scenery on both sides of the strait is charming. During drinking, Fo Yin asked Dongpo a sentence. Su Dongpo looked at the shore, pointed with his hand and smiled without a word.

Fo Yin looked and found a rhubarb dog wolfing down a bone on the shore. Knowing that Su Dongpo was joking, Fo Yin smiled and threw the folding fan engraved with Su Dongpo's poems into the water.

The two tacitly clapped their hands and laughed. It turned out that they made a pun and were speechless. The first part of Dongpo's poem is: dogs gnawing at bones (monks) by the river, and the second part of Fo Yin's poem is: Poems of flowing water Dongpo (corpses).

Baidu encyclopedia-Su Shi