1. At the beginning, Zhou Wuwang implemented the enfeoffment system and enfeoffed cronies to vassal states.

Qi-Jiang Ziya

Lu-Zhou Gongdan (Zhou Wuwang's younger brother)

Qi is big and Lu is small, but Lu is indeed a direct descendant of the royal family, so Lu's status is higher, so later Shandong was named after Lu.

2. Zhou Gongdan made Zhou Li, and Lu is the most well-preserved system of rites and music, which can be said to inherit the culture of Zhou, which is why Lu is abbreviated as Shandong.

3. The existence of Confucius is also a factor.

conclusion: the above is the reason why "Lu" is short for Shandong, but the most important thing is the first point.

---------------------

. However, in the cultural sense, there are several reasons why Lu is not equal to Qi.

1. The enfeoffment of the Zhou Dynasty made Jiang Shang, that is, Jiang Ziya, enfeoffment to Qi and Zhou Gongdan enfeoffment to Lu. Jiang Shang belongs to consorts, while Duke Zhou belongs to clansmen. At this time, Qi was inhabited by ethnic minorities in Dongyi, but Lu was a rich land, and the strength of Qi was gradually formed after the enfeoffment.

2. Compared with Qi, Lu is obviously superior in culture. Confucius is a native of Lu, and his historical position is beyond doubt. Because of Confucius' supreme position, locals prefer to call Shandong Lu to show their status as the birthplace of culture.

3. As we all know, Shandong has been called Qilu since ancient times, and it is known as "the state of Qilu". Qi and Lu were the two largest feudal countries of the Zhou Dynasty in Shandong, and Qi was in Yingqiu (now Linzi). The state of Lu is in Qufu, and its border reaches Mount Tai in the north, turtle and Mongolia in the east (the name of the mountain is now Pingyi County and Mengyin County), and there are Fu and Yi Mountains along Surabaya in the south. In history, Lu characters were used to name administrative districts such as Lu County and Lu County. Because Lu is in the central part of Shandong, it is abbreviated as Shandong. As can be seen from Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the upper part of the word Lu is the fish and the lower part is the mouth. The shape of the word Jin Wenlu is like that of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, but there is a horizontal stroke in the mouth, which means that you can taste the sweetness. It should have been written as the word "Gan", but it has evolved into the word "Day" in the regular script of seal script. In ancient Lu, there were many mountains and rivers, where there were mountains, there was water, and where there was water, there were fish. Lu people could naturally fish for food, because fish was a delicacy, which showed that the original meaning of "Lu" was Jiamei. Examples of Chinese Characters explains that the lower part of the word "Lu" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a pot and other utensils. When the fish is cooked and eaten, it tastes delicious. Newly compiled Shuo Wen Jie Zi also says that the word "Lu" is like a fish in the utensils. Its original meaning is delicious and beautiful, which is also in line with the original meaning of the word "Lu". Because the land of Lu has the original meaning of the word "Lu", it is named "Lu".

---------------------

. In terms of national strength, Qi Qiang Lu Wei; On the territory, Qi Dalu is small; In terms of appellation, "Lu" eventually became the abbreviation of Shandong Province. Why?

It turns out that the fundamental reason lies in the cultural differences between Qi and Lu. Although Lu was not as strong as Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it represented the etiquette and culture (Confucian culture) of Shandong and China as a whole. At the same time, its geographical position was in the south-central part of Shandong, which was superior to that of the northeast part of Shandong where Qi was located. Moreover, Lu is more developed in culture, and Confucius is a native of Lu, which can better represent the history and culture of Shandong.

Lu was one of the vassal states of the Zhou Dynasty. The first generation monarch of Lu was Boqin, the son of Zhou Gongdan. Qufu, the capital, is in the south of Mount Tai, slightly in the south of Shandong Province, covering a corner of Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, and is the hometown of Confucius. Among the many states in the Zhou Dynasty, Lu was the surname of Ji "Zongbang" and the vassal "Wangguo", so "Zhou's closest relative is nothing like Lu, and Lu's appropriate wearer is nothing like Zhou" (Gao Shiqi language of Qing Dynasty). Lu became the preserver and implementer of typical rites of Zhou, and people called it "the rites of Zhou are all in Lu". Governors from all over the world often study in Lu, which is a famous country of etiquette. This close relationship between Lu and Zhou Li made Lu the cultural center of Zhou Dynasty in the East. In the pre-Qin period, Qilu, located in the north and south of Mount Tai, developed better in terms of economy, politics and military affairs. However, as far as cultural psychology is concerned, it has always been an indisputable fact that people in Qi advocated Lu culture and thought that Lu culture was more civilized than Qi culture. The advantages and disadvantages of culture are most easily seen in cultural exchanges. Generally speaking, backward culture should constantly learn advanced culture to enrich and improve itself. As far as Qi and Lu are concerned, Qi often learns from Lu.

As we all know, Guan Zhong's reform is of crucial significance for Qi to become a great country. However, Guanzhong's reform has the profound meaning of absorbing the strengths of Shandong culture and supplementing the weaknesses of it. An important content of Guan Zhong's reform is to settle down the residence of four people, carry out the policy of giving equal attention to scholars, agriculture, industry and commerce, and put the development of agriculture in the position of economic foundation before industry and commerce, which obviously absorbed the idea of establishing the country by agriculture in Lu, so as to make up for the disadvantages of social instability caused by Qi's emphasis on industry and commerce, fishing, salt and women workers' industries and neglect of agriculture. Guan Zhong also paid great attention to absorbing the culture of rites from Lu, emphasizing the construction of rites and morals, in view of the fact that the traditional etiquette and morals of Qi were weak and the customs were backward, which led to the rudeness of the monarch and ministers and the confusion of the relationship between men and women, which seriously affected the social order and political stability.

Guan Zhong is like this, so are other ministers and ministers of Qi. Although the State of Qi was not interested in Confucius' red tape, after all, they could not help but pay attention to the order of the rule of etiquette in Lu. For example, Yan Ying, another famous figure of Qi, once went to Lu with Qi Jinggong to "ask Lu Li" ("Historical Records Qi Taigong Family"); When Confucius arrived in the State of Qi, Qi Jinggong also lost no time in asking questions about Confucius. Another example is that when there was a rebellion to celebrate his father in Lu, he wanted to cut Lu, but some people saw that Lu still adhered to the rites of Zhou and thought that "Lu did not abandon the rites of Zhou and could not move" (Zuo Zhuan was in the second year of Min Gong). Qi people value the rites of Zhou, and learn from Lu, which shows their positive, enterprising, flexible and open side, which is certainly worthy of recognition. However, it also proves that there are many things to be improved in Qi culture. For example, in terms of the relationship between monarch and minister, there have been many phenomena of killing each other in Qi, while the situation in Lu is much better. The cultural superiority of Lu is also an important reason why the powerful State of Qi can never destroy Lu.

Lu culture is the Confucian culture represented by Confucius and Mencius. The influence of this kind of culture on Shandong and even on China has always been deep, that is, it never stays at the material level and the system level, but goes deep into cultural customs, that is, into people's cultural psychology. Xunzi once compared the difference between Qin Jin culture and Qilu culture. In Xunzi's Evil Nature, he said: "Heaven is not private to Qilu people, but also to Qin people. However, in terms of the meaning of father and son and the difference between husband and wife, it is not as good as Qilu's teaching AIDS. Why? With the Qin people's affection, peace and quiet, slower than etiquette, it is unique! " Here, although Xunzi is talking about "the people of Qilu", its essence refers to Lu culture, that is, Confucian culture. It shows that in the minds of the first-class scholars in the pre-Qin period, the civilization degree of Lu (Confucianism) culture was the highest and most representative at that time. This is the reason why the Chinese nation finally chose the Confucian culture in Qilu culture as the core and symbol of its own culture.

by the end of the warring States period, with the basic completion of national integration and humanistic assimilation, the cultures of qi and Lu gradually merged into one. Because of the integration of culture, "Qilu" forms a unified cultural circle, and the regional concept of "Qilu" is formed by the unified cultural circle. This region is roughly the same as the later Shandong provinces and regions, so it has also become a synonym for Shandong.

But "Lu" can finally become the abbreviation of Shandong, mainly due to Confucius. Confucius once said, "As for Lu; When Lu changed, as for Tao "(The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye). It means: "once the state of qi changes, it can achieve the state of Lu;" As soon as Lu changes, you can reach Wang Zhidao first. " It is precisely because of Confucius' great admiration for Lu culture and the profound influence of Confucian culture rooted in Lu land on China that "Lu" became the abbreviation of Shandong.