historical evolution

ancient times

Changchun, a fertile land, has been bred by human beings as far back as 4 thousand years ago.

In p>1951, the discovery of human bone fossils in yushu city in Changchun proved that as early as ancient times, the human beings in this land had entered the stage of Homo sapiens, which belonged to the early matriarchal clan society.

in p>1984, a Neolithic human settlement site was discovered in Nong' an county, indicating that people here had mastered primitive textile technology as far back as the Neolithic age, and entered the era of dress, and primitive agriculture was also very developed.

Ancient

Changchun comes from the ancient Su Shen language "tea, rush" about 7, years ago, which is the language of blessing when Su Shen worships heaven in ancient times. Because the land of blessing is Xidu, the later generations gradually replaced Xidu with "tea-rushing" (translated into "Changchun" in Chinese) and became a place name. However, the history of tea and tea is thousands of years earlier than that of Xidu, but in fact, future generations are confused. Tea is the earliest classical historical title in Changchun.

Changchun was founded in 213 BC (the 25th year of Emperor Shun) and was the second capital of the early Sushen Kingdom. At that time, it was the main gathering place of Sushen Nanzhi (the ancestor of Manchu), which was called Xi (three seven-character pronunciations of Xi, named to commemorate Sushen's defeat of foreign countries to report good news). The second generation royal family of Sushen built adobe walls and palaces here, which was called Xidu. At this time, there are about a thousand households, which is the earliest classical history of Changchun, so "Xi" should also be the abbreviation of Changchun.

in about 18 BC, the Hui (filth) and Mo (raccoon) tribes of the southern branch of Sushen gradually migrated to Xidu and merged into Hui (filth) tribe (a predecessor of Manchu). In order to commemorate the integration of the two tribes into the kingdom of Sushen, Wang Sui of Sushen changed his country name to Dehui (filth) and changed his "Xidu" to Fuyu State was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and gradually exchanged with the Central Plains and the Eastern Han Dynasty. Taoism was introduced into Fuyu, and the whole people believed in Jiro Guankou (the Manchu word for Jiro Guankou is actually the second son of Li Bing, the prefect of Qin), and there are many Jiro temples in the city. Change the national capital and Dragon City into "the highest plough city". At this time, the population has exceeded 1,, and the city walls and palaces have also been changed into stone buildings. In the long years since then, although this ancient capital has changed many different names, it has always been the capital of the ancient kingdom in Northeast China. [4]

During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Changchun became a part of the Tang Dynasty's' Anbei Capital Protection House', which was called "Shushan House" by people in the Central Plains. It was the place where the prisoners in the literary prison were sent in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, Shushan City was wrongly sent to many literati, which also made it a city of culture and a place for many students in the Central Plains to yearn for, so "Shushan has a road to learn" has been widely circulated to this day. At this time, Changchun has become a big city with a population of nearly 1,, and the wall area has expanded dozens of times. It is also because the Central Plains culture was widely introduced into Northeast Asia during this period, and it has been influencing the development direction of Northeast national culture for thousands of years.

In 846 AD, Da Ruorong, the leader of the late Su Dynasty, established the county state of the Bohai Sea here, changed the "Shushan House" to "Longzhou House" and made it the national capital. After moving the capital to "Aodongcheng", Longzhou Prefecture is still the cultural and economic center and the largest city in Bohai, with a population of nearly 5,.

in 916, qidan was founded and gradually became stronger. Changchun area became the important place where the Khitan controlled Jurchen. Because a prince of the Khitan was born here, Longzhou Prefecture was changed to "Yeludeguang City" after the Khitan prince.

in 1115 ad, jurchen rose, established the Dajin Kingdom, and changed the place name of Changchun back to the ancestral Bailong House in Longzhou. After moving the capital to Zhongdu (Beijing), it was renamed as Kuanchengzi in Longzhou, which became the military, political and cultural center in the north. At this time, the Dajin Kingdom is prosperous and the country is strong. Nestorianism (Christianity) from the west has become one of the three major national religions (Taoism, Buddhism and Nestorianism) in Dajin, and the whole people believe in it. Kuanchengzi has become the largest Christian holy place in Northeast Asia, with many churches and hundreds of thousands of believers in the city. At this time, Kuancheng has a population of nearly one million, and the city has a scale. The walls are tall and divided into two cities, and the palaces are kept very luxurious without use.

Since then, Mongolia has become increasingly powerful, and it took nearly a year to capture Kuanchengzi. Because of its belief in Tibetan Buddhism, Mengyuan thought that this place was an unknown place for Nestorianism, so it would be impossible to capture it for a long time. So he ordered the wall of Kuanchengzi to be demolished, and the people moved to Liaoyang and Zhongyuan. This ancient Millennium capital became a ruin, and the ruins were dug three feet and razed to the ground. So today, there are almost no traces of this ancient city.

In the late Ming Dynasty, Nuzhen flourished again, and the Qing Empire was established. Changbai Mountain became a sacred place for Manchu people (Huang Taiji changed Nuzhen to Manchuria) to worship their ancestors. In the past, the post station on the Yitong River in the south of Qing Taizu Aixinjue Luo Nurhachi became the only way to Changbai Mountain. When Qianlong visited Changbai Mountain several times in summer to worship his ancestors, he found that the climate here was much cooler than Shengjing, and the scenery was pleasant. Later, after Jiaqing ascended the throne, he went to Changbai Mountain to worship his ancestors. When he came to this post station, he also found that the climate here was very cool. After hearing what the first emperor said, he began to establish local administrative institutions here in the fifth year of Jiaqing (18). Take the two words in the first sentence and set it as "Changchun Hall". [4]

In the 5th year of Jiaqing (18), the Qing government set up the Changchun Hall in Xinsheng City. Set up a director to judge and inspect each other, in charge of civil affairs and judicial affairs, subordinate to General Jilin; Since then, this ancient capital of thousands of years has been reorganized. [4]

In the fifth year of Qing Daoguang (1825), Changchun Hall was moved from Xinsheng City to Kuanchengzi in the north (south of Kuancheng Ruins), and it was still named Changchun Hall;

Modern times

The city wall was built in p>1865, covering an area of 5 square kilometers.

in p>1883, the population reached more than 9,. This is the beginning of new Changchun and the origin of modern Changchun.

In the seventh year of Guangxu (1881), the director of Changchun Office was unanimously judged as the director of Changchun Office, and the experience of agricultural security was added.

In the 15th year of Guangxu (1889), Fumin was promoted to magistrate, and Changchun Hall was promoted to Changchun House, which still belonged to Jilin General.

in p>1896, Russia invaded the northeast, seized the right to build a medium-long railway, and built a Russian residential area in Changchun.

At the end of the Russo-Japanese War in p>196, the rights and interests of Russia in Changchun were replaced by the Japanese emperor.

In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (197), the general was changed to a province, and Changchun Prefecture was subordinate to Jilin Province.

in p>198, in order to expand the "Manchuria Railway Subsidiary", Japan began to build Changchun Railway Station, and then opened a commercial port. At that time, the city area was 21 square kilometers and the population was about 15,.

in March of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the government was abolished and changed to Changchun County;

In June of the third year of the Republic of China (1914), a three-level management system was implemented in Northeast China, and Changchun County was under the jurisdiction of Jichang Road in Jilin Province.

In the 14th year of the Republic of China (1925), Changchun Municipal Office was established separately;

In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), it was renamed Changchun Municipal Preparatory Office; In the same year, the road system was abandoned. At this time, the Changchun county system is still retained, which belongs to Jilin Province and is a first-class county.

Puppet Manchuria

After the "9.18" incident in p>1931, Japanese imperialism invaded the whole northeast of China, and Changchun became a colony of Japanese imperialism.

on March 1st, 1932, Japanese imperialism supported Aisin Giorro Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing dynasty, and became a puppet regime-"Manchuria Empire". Changchun was designated as the "National Capital" and renamed as "Xinjing", which became the political, military, economic and cultural center of Japanese imperialism's rule in Northeast China.

in p>1944, the urban area was 8 square kilometers, with a population of 1.217 million, which surpassed that of Tokyo (metropolitan area) and was called the largest city in Asia. It is the only multi-ethnic city in the north, with more than half of the urban population being ethnic minorities. At that time, the Manchu, Han, Mongolian, Hui and Korean nationalities in the city lived in different urban areas of Changchun. Today, Kuancheng-Tiebei area is mainly inhabited by Koreans, today's Nanguan area is mainly inhabited by Manchu, today's Green Park area is mainly inhabited by Mongols, Erdao is mainly inhabited by Hui people, and Han people are scattered all over the city and mainly inhabited today. Changchun was called "Little Switzerland in the East" at that time because of its unique multi-ethnic settlement. [4]

After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory on April 14th, 1946, the People's Liberation Army once liberated Changchun.

On May 23rd, 1946, the Kuomintang took over Changchun. After the recovery of Northeast China,

On June 5, 1947, in the thirty-sixth year of the Republic of China, the plan for new provinces and regions in Northeast China was officially announced, and the new Beijing special city was abolished. It was officially approved that Changchun County was established as a provincial city in Jilin Province, and Changchun County was subordinate to Jilin Province.

In 1948, the People's Liberation Army besieged Changchun, which caused serious damage to its economy and various undertakings, and the city's production and people's life were on the verge of despair. In 1948, the siege of Changchun reduced the urban population to 17,.

on October 18th, 1948, Changchun was liberated again and was designated as a special city.

Modern

In p>1949, Changchun was a municipality under the jurisdiction of Jilin Province.

In p>1952, Changchun County, which was directly under the provincial government, was revoked and merged into Changchun City.

in p>1953, Changchun was changed to a municipality directly under the central government, which was managed by the Northeast Administrative Committee.

in p>1954, Changchun was assigned to Jilin province, where the people's government of Jilin province lived.

in p>1955, it was designated as one of the 1 provincial cities in China. There are 1 districts in Changchun, namely, Changchun, Toudaogou, Nanguan, Chaoyang, Erdaohezi, Kuanchengzi, Xinglong Mountain, Datun, Fanjiadian and Jingyue. The last four districts are rural areas, and there are 52 streets in six districts in the city. There are 1 town, 43 townships and 164 villages in the rural areas.

in June, 1957, the city was reorganized into five districts, namely Chaoyang, Kuancheng, Nanguan, Erdaohezi and Suburb, and the whole city was reorganized into 19 streets, 6 town people's communes and 97 rural people's communes. In November 1958, Shuangyang, Jiutai, Dehui, Nong 'an and Yushu were placed under the jurisdiction of Changchun City. In that year, the area of Changchun was 2,369 square kilometers, including 4 districts of Changchun with an area of 146.76 square kilometers and suburbs and 5 counties with an area of 2,222.24 square kilometers. There are 3,572,496 people in Changchun.

in p>1958, five counties belonging to the former Gongzhuling area, including Nong 'an, Jiutai, Dehui, Shuangyang and Yushu, were handed over to the leadership of Changchun City.

in January p>1966, five counties, namely Shuangyang, Jiutai, Dehui, Nong 'an and Yushu, were placed under the jurisdiction of the newly established Dehui District.

In p>1969, the five counties of Nong 'an, Dehui, Jiutai, Shuangyang and Yushu, which belonged to Dehui Special Zone, were assigned to Changchun City.

in p>1979, it was listed as one of the 15 economic center cities in China.

in February p>1989, the state approved Changchun as a city under separate state planning, giving it considerable provincial economic management authority.

in July, 1993, the State Council decided that the provincial capitals and cities would no longer implement separate planning, and Changchun stopped planning separate cities in December of the same year.

On December 26th, 199, the State Council approved the revocation of Yushu County and the establishment of yushu city.

in p>1994, it was designated as a sub-provincial city by the state.

On July 6, 1994, the Ministry of Civil Affairs approved (People's Bank of China approved [1994] No.97) the cancellation of Dehui County and the establishment of dehui city.

in p>1994, there were 59 streets, 73 towns, 73 townships and 4 ethnic townships in the administrative area of Changchun city. It covers an area of 2,369 square kilometers, including 544 square kilometers in downtown Changchun and 19,825 square kilometers in suburbs and five cities and counties. There are 1,7,389 households and 6,574,999 people in Changchun, including 63,679 households and 2,237,74 people in the urban area. The population of each city and county is 1,69,713 households and 4,377,925 people.

In August, 1995, the organizational system of Shuangyang County was officially abolished and Shuangyang District was established, belonging to Changchun City. Revoke the organizational system in the suburbs of Changchun and reorganize the Green Park. Changchun Erdaohezi District was renamed Erdaohezi District. The administrative regions of five districts in Changchun have been adjusted accordingly. The urban area increased from 1116 square kilometers to 3577 square kilometers, and the built-up area increased from 136 square kilometers to 137. 35 square kilometers.

In p>25, three towns of Kalunhu Town, Longjia Town (formerly Longjiabao Town) and Donghu Town in Jiutai City were placed under the jurisdiction of Erdao District, and three towns of Misha Town, Wanbao Town and Helong Town in Nong 'an County were placed under the jurisdiction of Kuancheng District. After this adjustment, the urban area of Changchun has expanded from 3616 square kilometers to 4756 square kilometers, an increase of 31. 5%。 On June 29th, 25, Jilin Provincial Government decided to put the three villages (Fan Jiatun Economic Development Zone) of Fangzheng, Paoziyan and Shengjia in Fan Jiatun of Gongzhuling City under the jurisdiction of Changchun City, and establish Changchun (FAW) Automobile Industry Development Zone. The urban area of Changchun is 4,96 square kilometers, and the built-up area is 368 square kilometers (the growth of 6 towns is 1,14 square kilometers, the planning of Changchun Automobile Development Zone is 1 square kilometers, and the Changchun Corn Development Zone is 5 square kilometers), and the total urban area ranks first in Northeast China. [4]

Urban spirit

Tolerance and self-improvement

Economic aggregate

In p>211, the GDP of Changchun reached 44 billion yuan, up by 15.2%; Full-caliber fiscal revenue reached 8 billion yuan, up 42%, and local fiscal revenue reached 28.3 billion yuan, up 56.5%; The total industrial output value reached 7 billion yuan, an increase of 23%; Investment in fixed assets totaled 245 billion yuan according to the new caliber, up 3% year-on-year; The per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of farmers reached 2,4 yuan and 7,4 yuan respectively, up by 14% and 12% respectively. The growth rate of main economic indicators continues to be in the forefront of 15 sub-provincial cities

culture and art

Changchun dialect

Changchun dialect is divided into two development stages: classical dialect and modern dialect.

The classical Changchun dialect comes from the ancient Sushen language, the later ancient Fuyu language and Liaodong ancient Chinese. Before the middle of Qing Dynasty, it was always the area of Manchu Mandarin pronunciation. With the rise of Changchun in modern times, it gradually mixed with Hebei and Shandong dialects, and Manchu Mandarin pronunciation disappeared.

Modern Changchun dialect belongs to Changha small area of Jichang dialect in northeastern mandarin, which originated from the mixture of a large number of immigrants from Hebei and Shandong with the languages of Han and Manchu people outside the original customs. As a result of the integration of a large number of immigrants from all over the country after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Changchun has formed a feature that its accent is lighter than that of most parts of Northeast China, that is, it is closer to Putonghua, which ranks among the top in the popularity of Putonghua nationwide.

Sports

From January 28th to February 4th, 27, the 6th Asian Winter Games was held in Changchun. This is the largest ice and snow sports event in the history of Asian winter sports, with the widest participation in the p>27 Changchun Asian Winter Games, the largest number of athletes and the largest audience. Over the past 5 years, Changchun has cultivated countless sports talents, such as Chen Jing, Li Jiajun, Wang Chunlu, Xiao Yangyang, Wang Hao, Sun Jun, and so on. On the night of November 14th, 27, Changchun Yatai Football Team beat Shenzhen 4-1 away to win the championship! Changchun Yatai became the fifth player in the history of the Super League to win the top league championship of China football.