The daily diet in Dali Bai area is different with different local products. People in Pingba area live on rice and wheat, while those living in mountainous areas live on corn and adopted children. Vegetables commonly eaten are cabbage, green vegetables, radish, eggplant, melons, beans and peppers.

1. Etiquette and taboos in daily life

Bai people are hospitable, and it is the etiquette of Bai people to treat guests first. Guests came to the house and treated each other with wine and tea. The famous three tea is the hospitality of the Bai people. However, Bai people usually only pour half a cup of tea, but they need a full cup of wine. They think that wine is full of respect and tea is full of deception. Being warmly received by the Bai people, you should say "thank you" to show your gratitude and gratitude.

it is a traditional virtue of Bai people to respect their elders. When you see the old man, you should take the initiative to say hello, greet, give way, give up your seat, serve tea and pass cigarettes. The first cup of morning tea after getting up should be given to the elderly first. When eating, let the old man sit on the table and let the old man move chopsticks first. Don't swear in front of the old man, and cross your legs. In some mountainous areas, the family members of the Bai nationality have relatively fixed seats. Generally, male elders sit on the upper left, female elders sit on the upper right, and guests and younger generations sit on the upper and lower sides. The fireplace of Bai people's family is a sacred place. It is forbidden to spit in the fireplace and it is forbidden to cross it. The threshold of Bai people's families is also taboo to sit on people. Tools used by men should not be crossed by women. People wearing filial piety are forbidden to enter the family, thinking that it will bring impurity to the family.

2. Etiquette and Taboos in Festivals and Sacrificial Activities

March Street is a grand festival of the Bai people, and the festival lasts from March 15th to 2th of the lunar calendar every year. Besides, Bai people, like Han people, celebrate the Spring Festival every year from the first day to the tenth day of the first lunar month, and the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month is the ancestor worship festival. Bai people have many etiquette taboos on holidays. During the annual March meeting of the Bai people in Yuanjiang County or the Tianzi Temple Fair, killing is prohibited. Bai people in Dali are not allowed to use knives, carry water, splash water or sweep the floor on the first day of the Lunar New Year. When the Bai people in Nujiang worship their ancestors before dinner on New Year's Eve, outsiders are forbidden to be present. On New Year's Eve, you should get back what you lent to others, or you will have trouble finding money and poor food in the coming year. Therefore, things borrowed from other people's homes must be returned to others before the New Year's Eve. The seventh day of the Lunar New Year is Women's Day. Women don't cook, carry water or do any other work, but enjoy themselves. Men's Day is on the ninth day of the Lunar New Year, and men have a rest. The Bai people in Yunlong County are not allowed to wander around in July and a half.

3. Etiquette and taboos in weddings, funerals and childbirth

After being pregnant, Bai women wear a two-room apron with hinges, and the first page is folded in half around their waist as a sign of happiness. Outsiders should know how to pay attention to key protection when they meet. If the pregnant woman is injured by mistake, it should be guaranteed until the mother and child are safe after delivery. In some places, pregnant women of Bai nationality cannot enter the bridal chamber of the bride and groom. After the baby falls to the ground, whoever is the first to step into the door of the maternal home is stepping on the raw. Bai people believe that whoever tramples on life will be like a child in the future. Bai people are most afraid of people from Dai Xiao stepping on life, so after the baby is born, the family should immediately spread three arcs at the door with white lime and tie a green bamboo strip on the threshold. If a boy is born, a straw sandal will be added under the green shoes, and some people will nail the bottom of a bamboo basketry on the gate as a taboo. Those who accidentally break into the maternal home must send a bowl of fresh thick rice soup, brown sugar, eggs, sweet white wine and a earthen pot of trotters stewed leek roots to the maternal. On the morning of the third day after delivery, the parturient's family should invite porridge and rice guests or porridge guests. When you go to the Bai people's house to make porridge and rice guests, you should use bamboo baskets to carry eggs, brown sugar, children's clothes and hats to congratulate you. In Dali and Jianchuan areas, after giving birth, the host should invite the first guest to eat poached egg dumplings, and the guest can't refuse, otherwise the host will be angry.

editing the ethnic diet in this paragraph

The daily diet in Dali Bai area varies with different local products. People in Pingba area live on rice and wheat, while those living in mountainous areas live on corn and adopted children. Vegetables commonly eaten are cabbage, green vegetables, radish, eggplant, melons, beans and peppers. Among the dietary customs of the Bai nationality, the following ones have national characteristics.

rawhide

rawhide is a unique dish of Bai people. This is to bake the whole pig or sheep on a straw fire. When it is half-cooked, remove the hair and then bake it until the flesh is golden yellow. When eating, cut the meat into shredded pork or sliced meat, and add seasonings such as ginger, onion, garlic, stewed plum, pepper and glutinous rice. It is fragrant and fresh, and it is a national delicacy for entertaining guests.

sea water to cook marine fish ("live boiled fish" or "hot and sour fish")

When fishermen near Erhai Lake cook fish, especially when cooking fat fish called "oily fish" locally, they generally don't need frying. They scooped up the water from Erhai Lake. When the water in the pot boils, they put in fresh fish, and then put on thick Chili powder and pepper powder, which is delicious and spicy, commonly known as "sea water boiled fish".

Xiaguan casserole fish

This is the local specialty of Xiaguan. The fat carp in Erhai Lake is cleaned by laparotomy, smeared with a little salt, marinated for ten minutes, put in a casserole with various ingredients such as ham slices, tender chicken slices, fresh meat slices, pork liver slices, mushrooms, egg rolls, meatballs, sea cucumbers, tofu and magnolia slices, and then sprinkled with appropriate seasonings such as pepper, salt and monosodium glutamate, and cooked on a charcoal stove with slow fire. When eating, put the casserole on the mat, which is steaming and delicious.

stewed plums

Plums are produced in Dali, especially on the east bank of Erhai Lake. Plum trees are everywhere in the half-mountain and half-dam areas stretching for hundreds of miles. There are two kinds of plum: bitter plum and salt plum. Stewed plum made of bitter plum is a favorite condiment of Bai people. Stewing plum is to put bitter plum into a sand pot, add salt and pepper, cover it tightly, put it in the middle of a fire pit, pile rice husk around it, light it, and stew it for one to two days with low fire. At this time, the black stewed plum tastes sour and fragrant, and people often use it as a seasoning to eat raw skin, or add brown sugar to make stewed plum soup. Stewed plums can be stored for a year or two without spoiling.

carved plum

the carved plum produced in eryuan county is made by soaking the salted plum in lime water. After taking it out and drying it, carve a continuous zigzag pattern on the plum with a knife, and carefully squeeze out the plum core to make it empty, and after flattening, it looks like a blooming chrysanthemum. At this time, soak it in wine and then soak it in brown sugar. After a few months, I opened the bottle and took it out. The carved plum was golden in color and fragrant, and it was a superior fruit produced in Eryuan County.

Bai girls in Eryuan are good at carving plums, which has become a sign to measure whether girls are clever or not. Because in the local wedding custom, before a girl gets married, she must send a plate of carved plum made by the girl to her husband's family as a gift. On the wedding night, the bride will arrange dessert and sweet seats for relatives and friends, which is called "putting fruit wine". The tenth case shows the honey money, dried fruit and carved plum brought by the bride to entertain the guests and let everyone comment. As a result, the girls in Eryuan are carefully carved, and the carved plum they made is not only a superior fruit, but also a kind of arts and crafts.

bait block

bait block, also known as Baba, is a traditional snack widely popular in Yunnan. However, Dali bait blocks are unique: steamed rice balls are placed on marble pads and rubbed with labor. Wrap sugar, walnut salt, halogen rot, etc. and bake in a charcoal stove. This kind of now-kneaded and now-burned bait block is soft and delicious.

milk fan

Deng Chuan Dam in Eryuan has fertile land and beautiful water plants. Farmers here have a tradition of raising dairy cows. The local milk fan is a well-known specialty. When making a milk fan, first ferment fresh milk into yogurt water, then put it in a pot and heat it to 6℃-7℃, then pour in fresh milk, gently stir it with bamboo chopsticks, so that protein and fat in the milk gradually condense into floccules, then spread it into thin slices with bamboo chopsticks and air dry it on a bamboo rack.

The milk fan with white yellow, pure and bright, as thin as paper, is rich in protein, fat and so on, and is rich in nutrition. It can be eaten raw, fried, steamed or roasted. But it is best to fry it in fragrant oil into light yellow, take it out and let it cool. It is crisp and fragrant, especially delicious. Confucius Ci is a delicious food for Bai banquet guests, a necessary offering for sacrifice and a good product for friends.

Roasting tea

Roasting tea is a traditional tea custom of Bai people. In the main rooms of Bai people's families, a cast iron brazier with a wooden frame is generally set up, and an iron triangular frame is placed on it. When guests come, the host will let the guests sit down in the main room, light a fire in the brazier, and put a sand pot on it to prepare for baking tea. After the sand pot is simmered, add the tea leaves and quickly shake and simmer. When the tea leaves are roasted to a yellow color and the fragrance of tea is elegant, pour a spoonful of boiling water. At this time, I only heard the sound of "maid", and the tea foam that was washed up also rose to the mouth of the jar, like a hydrangea, and the hall was immediately elegant with an attractive tea fragrance. The sound of making tea is loud and crisp, so it is also called "thunder tea".

when the tea foam falls into the sand pot, you can pour it into boiling water and offer it to the guests. The simmered tea is yellow in color and fragrant. Generally, the roasted tea is flushed three times, and the tea is tasted while simmering: the first drink feels slightly bitter, the second product is sweet and mellow, and the last one feels even sweeter. The more delicious the product is, the more fragrant it is, and the aftertaste is endless. This is called "the first bitter, the second sweet, and the third aftertaste." In some places, when drinking the second tea, walnut slices, brown sugar, honey and a few pepper are added to the tea, which has a unique flavor.

The tea set for baking tea is also very chic. The sand pot for baking tea is rough, but the small handless cup is a small, exquisite, white and glittering porcelain cup. According to the custom of "wine is full of respect for guests, tea is full of deceit", the host should pour less tea and only sip one or two sips of tea. When the host presents the first small cup of tea to the guests with his hands held high, the guests should turn it to the oldest person in the host's family and the elders in the seat after receiving it, and after giving each other some humility, the guests can enjoy the tea. At this time, while sipping, the guests also appreciate the sweetness of the tea and the exquisiteness of the small handless cup. Therefore, the Bai people's custom of baking tea is an art of tea ceremony.

most of the tea used by Bai people to bake tea is Xiaguan tea. Xiaguan is a tea-making center, and the loose tea produced here is exported to Tibet, Sichuan and other places. Because of the long distance, it is often subjected to wind and rain, and the loss is great. Later, the loose tea was pressed into a bowl-shaped tea block, which was not only resistant to storage and transportation, but also did not lose the taste of tea. When the tea was transported to Huzhou, Sichuan, which is located at the confluence of the Yangtze River and the Fallen River, the tea merchants publicized: "Fallen River, Xiaguan tea, high fragrance, good taste and good quality". Over time, Sichuanese call the tea produced by Shimonoseki as Shimonoseki tea. As a result, this kind of tea, Xiaguan Lun Tea, which has mellow taste, clear yellow soup color, rich aroma, thirst quenching and refreshing, and has the effect of promoting digestion and qi circulation, and dispersing smoke and sobering up, is well known.

pork liver

After first frost, some farmers on the Erhai Lake began to slaughter pigs. At this time, as usual, they will pickle pork liver, a traditional food of Bai nationality.

The preparation method of pork liver gizzard is roughly as follows: clean fresh pork liver, pork tripe, pork intestines and ribs, cook them in a pot for half-cooked, fish them out and let them cool, then cut the pork liver, pork intestines and pork tripe into pieces and chop the ribs into small pieces. Then, add 1% salt, 12% chilli powder, 15-2 grams of pepper powder, 5-1 grams of wormwood powder and 1 kg of strong wine, mix them well, put them into a clay pot, compact them, seal them, and put them in a ventilated and cool place.

after three or four months, you can open the can and eat it. When unsealed, a unique fragrance of pork liver will flow out. When eating, put the pork liver in a bowl and put it into the rice steamer. Steamed pig liver and spleen are bright and clean, with attractive fragrance, spicy, salty, fresh and delicious, which is a good appetizer for Bai farmers to entertain relatives and friends. If you eat rice noodles and noodles, they will taste better if you use them as cover vegetables.

Bai people's custom of celebrating a new house and congratulations songs. In Bai areas, building a house is one of the three major events in life, so it is natural to hold a grand and lively ceremony and sing congratulations songs according to the ceremony process.

To build a new house, it is necessary to break ground and build stone footings on an auspicious day. After the stone footings are built, it is necessary to start construction on an auspicious day after several months (in some places, it takes two to three years, and the Bai people call this period a wall break). Sing a congratulatory song during the construction. The song of congratulations consists of two parts: "Song of Shangliang" and "Sealing Longkou", which are sung by the carpenter at different times. The "Song of Liang Shang" should be sung when Liang Shang. Amid the joyful suona, gongs and drums, and cheers for congratulations, the master carpenter hung a red color on his body, took the red rooster handed by his master, and walked out of the room, singing: "The red rooster is valiant, so you report the fifth watch at home, and when the master builds a golden house, you will report good news. Sing loudly on an auspicious day. He Xinsheng, a good friend in the neighborhood, celebrates everyone's singing every day. " While singing, he climbed over the scaffolding with people's congratulations, boarded the "balcony" temporarily set up by two pillars, bowed to the east, the west, the north and the south, and sang loudly: "A little dragon head makes a student, and a little dragon tail goes to heaven.

Bai people, every day is white.