keep your word
During the Warring States Period, the army of the State of Qin surrounded Handan, the capital of Zhao, and the situation was very critical. The king of Zhao, Xiao Cheng, sent Ping Yuanjun to Chu for help. Pingyuan intends to lead 21 public visitors to complete this mission. Nineteen of them have been selected, but one of them is still uncertain. At this time, he volunteered to go, Ping Yuanjun with a grain of salt, reluctantly took him to the state of Chu.
When Ping Yuanjun arrived in the State of Chu, he immediately talked with the King of Chu about "aiding Zhao", but it was fruitless for a long time. At this time, Mao Sui said to the king of Chu, "We came to ask you to send reinforcements today, but you didn't say a word, but don't forget that although Chu has a large number of soldiers, it has been defeated again and again, and even the country has been lost. In my opinion, Chu needs to unite against Qin more than Zhao!" Mao Sui's words convinced the king of Chu and immediately promised to send troops to help Zhao.
after returning to Zhao, Ping Yuanjun said with emotion, "Mr. Mao's arrival in Chu made Chu more important than Jiuding Dalu." (Jiuding Dalu: Zhong Ming, together with Ding, is a treasure of ancient countries. ) The idiom "One word keeps its promise" comes from this story, and it can play an important role to describe a sentence.
Stay out of the house (shě)
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Xiangong listened to rumors, killed Prince Shen Sheng, and sent someone to arrest Shen Sheng's younger brother Zhong Er. Zhong Er heard the news, escaped from the state of Jin, and forgot about it for more than ten years.
Zhong Er came to the state of Chu after many hardships. King Chu Cheng thought that Zhong Er would make great achievements in the future, so he greeted him with the gift of nations and treated him like a distinguished guest.
One day, the King of Chu hosted a banquet in honor of Zhong Er, and the two of them had a chat and the atmosphere was very harmonious. Suddenly, the king of Chu asked Zhong Er, "How can you repay me if you return to the State of Jin and become a monarch one day?" Zhong Er thought for a moment and said, "Beautiful women are waiting for you, precious silk, and you have plenty of rare birds' feathers, ivory hides, and even more abundant in Chu. What rare items are there for the King of Jin?" The king of Chu said, "Your son is too modest. Having said that, you should show me something, right? " Zhong Er smiled and replied, "Thanks to you. If I can really return to China to be in power, I would like to be friendly with your country. If one day, there is a war between Jin and Chu, I will definitely order the army to retreat first (one house is equal to 31 miles). If I can't get your forgiveness, I will fight you again. "
Four years later, Zhong Er really returned to the State of Jin and became the monarch, which is the famous Jin Wengong in history. The state of Jin became stronger and stronger under his rule.
in 633 BC, the armies of Chu and Jin met in battle. In order to fulfill his promise, Jin Wengong ordered the army to retreat 91 miles and stay in Chengpu. When the Chu army saw that the Jin army was retreating, it thought that the other party was afraid and immediately pursued it. The Jin army took advantage of the weakness of the Chu army's pride in underestimating the enemy, concentrated its forces and defeated the Chu army greatly, and won the battle of Chengpu.
The story comes from Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-two Years of Xi Gong. The idiom "retreat from three houses" means not to argue with others or make concessions voluntarily.
Looking at Plums to Quench Thirst
One summer, Cao Cao led his troops to crusade against Zhang Xiu. The weather was surprisingly hot, the sun was like fire, and there was not a cloud in the sky. The troops walked on the winding mountain road, with dense trees and hot rocks on both sides, which made people breathless. By noon, the soldiers' clothes were soaked, the marching speed slowed down, and several weak soldiers fainted on the side of the road.
Cao Cao was worried that the marching speed was getting slower and slower, and he was worried that the fighter plane would be delayed. However, at present, tens of thousands of people can't even drink water, how can they speed up? He immediately called the guide and asked him quietly, "Is there a water source near here?" The guide shook his head and said, "The spring is on the other side of the valley. It's a long way to detour." Cao Cao thought for a moment and said, "No, time is too late." He looked at the forest in front of him, thought for a while, and said to the guide, "Don't say anything, I'll think of something." He knew that even if he ordered the troops to speed up at the moment, it wouldn't help. With a brainwave, the solution came. He grabbed the horse's stomach and quickly rushed to the front of the team. He pointed at the front with his whip and said, "Soldiers, I know there is a large piece of Meilin in front, where the plums are big and delicious. Let's hurry and bypass this hill and get to Meilin!" Hearing this, the soldiers seemed to have eaten it in their mouths, and their spirits were greatly boosted, and their pace couldn't help speeding up a lot.
it's from Shi Shuo Xin Yu. The idiom "looking at plums to quench thirst" means comforting yourself or others with fantasy.
Steal the bell from the ear
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhi Bo, an aristocrat of the State of Jin, wiped out Fan. Someone took the opportunity to run to Fan's house to steal something and saw a big clock hanging in the yard. The clock is made of fine bronze, with exquisite shapes and patterns. The thief was so happy that he wanted to take this beautiful clock back to his home. But the clock is so big and heavy that it can't be moved. There is only one way for him to think about it, and that is to break the clock and then move home separately.
The thief found a big hammer and threw it at the clock with a loud bang, which startled him. The thief panicked and thought, this is bad. Isn't this noise equivalent to telling people that I am stealing clocks here? In a hurry, he threw himself on the bell and tried to cover it with open arms, but how could the bell be covered? The bell is still lingering in the distance.
The more he listened, the more afraid he became. He pulled back his hands freely and tried to cover his ears. "Hey, the bell is getting smaller and I can't hear it!" The thief was happy. "Wonderful! You can't hear the bell if you can't cover your ears! " He immediately found two cloth balls and plugged his ears, thinking that no one could hear the bell. So I let go and hit the bell, and once it rang, it spread loudly to far away places. People heard the bells rushing in and caught the thief.
The story comes from Lu Chunqiu Self-knowledge. "Stealing the bell" is said to be "stealing the bell", which is a metaphor for the cover-up of stupidity and self-deception.
Returning home with clothes
The History of the South. Volume 38. Biography of Liu Yuanjing
The word Qingyuan is Wen He, a disciple of Yuanjing. ..... Ba Fu Jian, in order to engage in Langzhong. Emperor Wu was Zen-worshiped, and was given the title of an Hou. He was a regular servant of a scattered rider and changed to Du Hou of Feng Yun. Out for yongzhou secretariat, plus the viceroy. When the emperor was in the new pavilion, he said, "I have nothing to worry about when I return home dressed in gold." At the beginning, Emperor Wudi was Yongzhou, and Qingyuan was a farewell driver. He said, "Yesterday, the sheep spoke ricas, and when you were young, you should live in my place. This view is also true. "It has not been ten years, and Qingyuan is the governor, and the talker thinks it is more than Wei Yongzhi.
Liu Bang's besieged on all sides changed Xiang Yu's morale. The soldiers wept bitterly. At the beginning, Xiang Yu lost the "good opportunity to break Xianyang first" for the sake of Qin. I missed the opportunity to kill Liu Bang at the Hongmen banquet because of "being unbearable"; Later, because of "burning Epang Palace", I wanted to "collect women's treasures and go east". At that time, a wise man suggested that he build a capital in Qin and be king. Xiang Yu, in the face of Qin Gong's ruin, wanted to return to the east, and said, "Wealth does not return to his hometown, like a night trip, who knows." This statement hit the nail on the head and revealed Xiang Yu's concept of "returning home with clothes and honoring ancestors and ancestors". As the saying goes, "A good man is ambitious in all directions". Although Xiang Yu has the traditional thoughts of the ancient people in China, he also has the ambition of "calling himself emperor", and he has always been a lonely tragic hero in his eight years of bloody fighting. On the one hand, Xiang Yu wants to be an emperor, and on the other hand, he wants to be a great hero envied by everyone. And I am bent on making a name for myself in front of my fellow villagers in Jiangdong. All these have become "obstacles" for him to become an emperor.
the wind is trembling, and the grass is full of soldiers
Explanation of the idiom: birds sing. Hearing the wind and the crane's cry, everyone suspected it was a pursuer. Describe people who are suspicious when they panic.
The origin of the idiom: Biography of Xie Xuan in the Book of Jin: "Everyone thought that Julian Waghann had arrived when they heard the news."
Idiom example: The gangsters who fled in panic were scared out of their wits.
(where ~ stands for this entry: jittery, nervous)
Idiom story: Civil strife occurred at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. Because of the long-term turmoil, the Western Jin Dynasty was unfortunately destroyed, and Si Marui, the king of Langya, established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jiankang. When the Jin Dynasty crossed the river to the south, the Hu people occupied the north. However, the north was later occupied by the former Qin Dynasty, which was in opposition to the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River.
At that time, the leader of the former Qin Dynasty was Fu Jian, and he asked Wang Meng, a Han Chinese, to be his prime minister, bent on making the country very strong. In order to fulfill the wish of reunifying China, Fu Jian attacked the south with 811,111 troops. The ministers of the Jin Dynasty were very scared when they heard the news. Only the Prime Minister Xie An was very calm and took his time to arrange the war.
In this place of Feishui, Xie An quickly sent troops across the river to sneak attack the former Qin army before it was assembled. The former Qin lost badly, so the soldiers ran for their lives everywhere. When they heard the wind or cranes, they thought it was the Jin army coming, and they were very scared. In this battle, the soldiers of the former Qin Dynasty suffered heavy casualties, which determined the long-term confrontation between the north and the south in the future.
being a tiger
wè i h ǔ zu ? ch ā ng
[explanation] What a ghost: It is said that people who were eaten by tigers in ancient times became ghosts after their death, and they specially lured people to eat them. Be a ghost for the tiger. Metaphor as an accomplice of the wicked.
[source] Taiping guangji (volume 431) says: "ghosts are eaten by tigers, and they are also heard by tigers." Song Sun Guangxian's "The Story of the North Dream", Volume 4: "Anyone who dies in a tiger and drowns in water is called a ghost, and must be replaced by a person."
Love me, love my dog
Explanation: It is a metaphor to love a person and care about people or things related to him.
According to legend, Shang Zhouwang in the last period of the Shang Dynasty was an extravagant and cruel and heartless bad king (see Helping to Abuse). "Xibo" Ji Chang, later Zhou Wenwang, tried many ways to get out of prison because he opposed Zhou Wang's imprisonment. At that time, Zhou's capital was Qishan (now Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). After Zhou Wenwang returned to Qishan, he made up his mind to overthrow the rule of Shang Dynasty. He first hired Jiang Shang (Jiang Taigong), a military strategist, to actively train and prepare for the war, and then merged several neighboring small vassal States, and his power gradually became stronger. Then, the capital city was moved to Fengyi (now near Huxian County, Shaanxi Province), ready to March eastward. However, Zhou Wenwang died shortly after moving the capital.
Zhou Wenwang's son Ji Fa succeeded to the throne, namely Zhou Wuwang. Jiang Taigong continued as a strategist. King Wu's half-brother Ji Dan (the Duke of Zhou) and half-brother Ji? #93; [Shi] (that is, Zhao Gong) is two right-hand men of King Wu. At the same time, King Wu won the support of several other governors. Therefore, King Wu officially announced that he would send troops to attack Zhou. The army crossed the Yellow River in Mengjin (now a Yellow River ferry in the south of Mengxian County, Henan Province) and advanced to the northeast, approaching the Chao Song of Shang Dynasty (now northeast of Qixian County, Henan Province). Because Shang Zhouwang had lost all his heart, and the army was unwilling to die for him, he fled and fell, and the uprising of the uprising was quickly conquered. Zhou Wang committed suicide, and the Shang Dynasty ended. In the next 811 years, it became the world of Zhou, known as the Zhou Dynasty.
At the beginning of Zhou Wuwang's conquest of Chaoge, the King of Wu was not sure how to deal with the nobles and officials left over from Shang Dynasty and whether he could stabilize the situation, so he was worried. To this end, he consulted with Jiang Taigong and others. There is a written record in Shuo Yuan Gui Fa compiled by Liu Xiang, a man of Han Dynasty:
"King Ke Yin, the king of martial arts, called Tai Gong and asked,' What will the Naiqi people do?' Taigong said to him,' I love people who love them, and I love the black house; He who hates others hates others. What if the salty Liu defeated the enemy and made it more than enough? " Zhou Wuwang defeated the Shang Dynasty, summoned Jiang Taigong and asked, "What should we do with their personnel?" Taigong replied: "I heard that if you love that person, you will also love the crows on his house;" If you hate that man, take away his servants and household officials. What do you think of killing all the enemies and leaving none of them? "
The so-called "Yu Xu" in the original text refers to the petty officials in the lowest position, the stewards of the slave owners and nobles and so on. (the meaning of Yu, Wei, etc.; Xu; A petty official. )
There is a similar record in The Great Biography of Shangshu compiled by Fu Sheng in the Han Dynasty: "When you die, the King of Wu is in a state of panic. Calling the squire, he asked,' What can I do if I enter Yin?' The squire said,' I heard it; He who loves is also the black house; He who doesn't love others, and his spare time. "
this record is similar to that contained in Shuo Yuan. However, the word "Yu Xu" is written as "Xu Yu", and the meanings of the two are different. "Xu Yu" no longer belongs to the level of professional history, but is a slave or criminal who is lower than "Yu Xu" For example, ji zi, a "Taishi" in Shang Zhouwang, pretended to be crazy because he was dissatisfied with Zhou Wang and was imprisoned, so he was willing to be a slave, so Zhuangzi called him "Xu Yu".
In addition, Zhou Wuwang's conversation with Jiang Taigong is also recorded in Biography of Han Poetry and Six Taoyi Wen, and the contents are basically the same. Because of this legend, the idiom "love me, love my dog" came into being.
There has been a superstitious custom in China since ancient times, thinking that a crow is an "ominous bird". If it falls on whose house, it will suffer misfortune. In the Xiaoya part of The Book of Songs, the oldest collection of poems and songs in China, there is a poem entitled "The First Month", in which there is "whose home is it?" It can be seen that the ancients hated crows, but few people loved them. The so-called "love me, love my dog" means that because I love that person, even the crows on his house don't think it's ominous or annoying. This idiom has always been used as a metaphor for pushing love. Because you love someone deeply, you love his relatives, friends and others or other things, which is called "love me, love my dog" or "love my dog".
The Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu wrote "Presenting Li Sizhang with Shehong" (Shehong, place name, in present-day Sichuan; In Li Sizhang's poem, the first two sentences are: "It's good for a husband to live in a house, and it's good for him to be good." In the Song Dynasty's Poem of Lianxi written by Zhou Dunyi, there is a saying: "Anger moves crabs in the water, love the dog on the house". In the poem "Jane Li Boyi" written by Chen Shidao in Song Dynasty, there is also a saying that "when the time is clear, I look at the birds in front of my door, and people look at the Wu in your house." They all use the idiom "love me, love my dog".
Walk on foot as a car
The source of Qi Ce IV of the Warring States Policy
says: "Shu wishes to return, eat late as meat, walk on foot as a car, be innocent as expensive, and be quiet and chaste at your own risk."
walk slowly, as if by car
During the Warring States Period, there was a noble scholar named Yan Shu in the State of Qi. Qi Xuanwang longed for his name and called him to the palace. Yan Shu casually walked into the palace and came to the steps in front of the temple. Seeing that Xuanwang was waiting for him to visit, he stopped and stopped. When King Xuan saw this, he called out, "Yan Shu, come here!" Unexpectedly, Yan Shu remained motionless and called to Xuan Wang and said, "Your Majesty, come here!" King Xuan was very unhappy when he heard this. When the ministers around him saw Yan Shu's arrogance and arrogance, they all said, "Your majesty is the monarch, and you are a subject. Your majesty can call you here, and you can call your majesty here. How can you do that?" Yan Shu said: "if I go to the king, it shows that I envy his power;" If the king comes, it means that he is a worthy corporal. Instead of making me envy the power of the king, I might as well make corporal Dayu Lixian good. " Qi Xuanwang was angry with him and said, "Is the king noble or the scholar noble?" Yan Shu said without thinking, "Of course, scholars are noble, but kings are not!" King Xuan said, "Do you have any basis for saying this?" Yan Shu smiled and said, "Of course. Once upon a time, when the State of Qin attacked the State of Qi, the King of Qin once gave an order: Anyone who dares to cut firewood within 51 paces of the tomb of Gao Shi Liu Xia Ji will be killed! He also gave an order: anyone who can cut off the head of the king of Qi will be named Wan Huhou, and the reward will be dry. From this point of view, the head of a living monarch.