Orthodox theologians believe that the sacred biography is a tradition passed down from generation to generation by people who believe in God through their own example or language. The Orthodox Church demands that the basic teachings of the Bible and the Hadith be interrelated and mutually verified, emphasizing that only in this way can we understand the profound mystery of God's revelation.
2. The basic teachings of the Orthodox Church and their differences from Catholicism.
The Orthodox Church, like Catholicism, believes in the nicene creed (see Chapter 1, Section 2), which shows that their basic teachings are similar. However, the Catholic Church's emphasis on the Holy Spirit from the Father and the Son, the primacy and infallibility of the Pope, the existence of purgatory between heaven and hell, and various sermons about the Virgin Mary were not accepted by the Orthodox Church, and they thought that these contents were contrary to the Bible and the holy biography, so they were wrong.
The nicenea Creed
1. I believe in one God, the Almighty Father, the creator of all things in heaven and earth and tangible and intangible things.
2. I believe in the only Lord Jesus Christ, the only son of God. Before the end of the world, he was born for his father, for God out of God, for light out of light, and for the true God out of the true God. He was born instead of being made, and he was one with his father. Everything was made through him;
In order to save our world, we came from heaven and became human by the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary.
4. Under Pontius Pilate, we were crucified, suffered and buried for us;
5. According to the Bible, he was resurrected on the third day;
6. Ascend to heaven and sit at the right hand of the father;
7. There will be glory in the future to judge the living and the dead; His kingdom is endless;
8. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the life-giving Lord, who came out from the father and son, and was worshipped and respected together with the father and son. He once spoke through a prophet.
9. I believe in the church of the only holy archduke apostle;
10. I think the only baptism to forgive sins;
1 1. I hope the dead will be resurrected;
12. There is an afterlife.
Orthodox Church is a very strict monotheistic religion, which holds that God is absolute and unique, and that God is incomparable. Worship and reverence can't be attributed to anyone else, nor to those nonexistent gods and their idols. Because the cross is sacred, a "balance of justice" and a "weapon against the devil", the Orthodox Church requires believers to go to church and wear a close-fitting cross. We must perform the sacraments devoutly (Orthodox Christians should perform the seven sacraments: baptism, confirmation, repentance, marriage, ordination and final application) and keep them. Therefore, the Orthodox Church should worship God and pray before the icon. According to the theory of material change put forward by the orthodox theologian John, the bread and wine placed on the altar changed qualitatively after being sanctified, and became the real body and blood of Jesus, which could give life. If the recipient eats and drinks the holy bread and wine, he shares the life of the Lord Jesus and thinks that the Lord Jesus is still alive? With yourself? I will always get the "grace" of Jesus (Protestant theologians object to this, thinking that bread and wine are only symbols of Jesus' body and blood, but only a commemoration of Jesus' suffering ...). These orthodox principles and etiquette are deeply embedded in Russian culture and nation, and no matter what Russian ideology is, it can't be completely eliminated.
As the successor of the Russian entity, the ideology of Soviet Russia is no exception. From some ceremonies advocated by the Bolsheviks and the Soviet government and the hanging of statues of leaders, we can vaguely see the shadow of Orthodox sacraments or worship of God. At the memorial service of Lenin's death, Stalin's eulogy was obviously consistent with the orthodox prayer style in rhythm and style. For example, one of them used six neat parallelism sentences and completely repeated the following sentence: "Comrade Lenin told us to say goodbye to us ... Comrade Lenin, we are willing to swear to you ..."; In particular, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Nepal (Brazzaville) decided to preserve Lenin's body permanently with a crystal coffin, which was also influenced by the "corpse blood" ceremony of the Orthodox Church, that is, it wanted to replace the "corpse blood" of Christ with the leader's body and tried to worship the leader as an eternal god. In the future, this worship will generally extend to hanging revolutionary instructors or leaders in offices and conference rooms. ...
The conservatism and non-opening of the Orthodox Church are mainly due to the stagnant eastern Roman Empire and the feudal society of tsarist Russia. It is still advertised that "orthodox faith is the pure and unchangeable right path from Christ and the apostles".
In particular, the Russian Orthodox Church is different from Catholicism and Protestantism. It cannot face the society, the world and the future, and constantly adjust itself with the progress of history. On the contrary, it strictly respects the purpose of monotheism, is hostile to freedom and progress, and opposes pluralism and openness. If it abides by the ancient Christian dogma, it is not allowed to carry out any transformation and innovation on theological teachings and rituals; Still maintained a complex set of religious ceremonies and strict fasting; It is short-sighted, ignores social problems and opposes the modernization of church life; Even insist on using ancient Slavic language in prayer, oppose using modern language and so on.
After the October Revolution, the newly established Soviet regime was suffocated by the harsh domestic struggle and the blockade of international imperialism, while the conservative and closed consciousness in the Orthodox Church and Russian absolutism was revived under the new historical conditions and gradually gained the upper hand during Stalin's administration. For example, in guiding ideology, Stalin revised or developed Lenin's "one country socialism theory", thinking that the proletariat can seize power first, which is actually to build socialism behind closed doors. Under the guidance of this thought, the lively democratic, free and open atmosphere in Lenin's inner-party life and ideological and cultural fields in the early Soviet Union, which even lasted until the end of the 1920s, gradually disappeared, and the philosophy of struggle and critical stance prevailed. For example, there are a large number of imperialists, capitalists, bourgeoisie and reactionaries in various countries outside the international communist movement, while there are a large number of so-called "revisionism" and "opportunism" at home and abroad inside the international communist movement. All this was actually turned into a tool of power struggle by Stalin. Therefore, he is hostile and critical to almost all ideologies and even academic schools except Marxism-Leninism (actually Stalinism), and even natural science is not immune. For example, the famous "lysenko Movement" is the anti-scientific behavior of the Soviet Union in the field of genetics.
Russian famous writers Pushkin, Nikolai Nikolai Gogol, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, etc. They all have deep religious consciousness and feelings and pour them into their works. Although Pushkin's early poems were atheistic, religion became the theme in his later works, and his religious consciousness was fully revealed. Tolstoy was expelled from the Orthodox Church because he was too pious to God. He was disgusted and suspicious of the church. He mocked the complicated liturgy of the Orthodox Church and had his own unique understanding of Christianity. In order to establish his ideal paradise on earth, he reinterpreted and compiled the Gospel. In his later years, he devoted all his energy to religious exploration.