"catering" is actually a western concept of food &; beverage （F& B) yes.
is food and drink, that is, the concept of eating and drinking.
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The origin and development of the catering industry in China
China was sparsely populated in ancient times. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, in order to facilitate officials to travel long distances to deliver documents, there has been a "post station" to provide them with accommodation and meals, so that they can continue another long delivery work the next day. In fact, this is the prototype of the catering industry in China. In fact, after the monetary policy was formulated in the Qin Dynasty, large-scale transactions began to occur in the civil society, and the market came into being. The nature of people's food-oriented nature naturally revealed in the transaction phenomenon that the essence of a transaction was to make a living, and the nature of the transaction was inevitably to barter things or money for things. The so-called "things" naturally refers to some daily necessities and food. Since food can be obtained from transactions, food trafficking came into being. Specifically, the catering industry should trace back to human beings.
Overview of Suzhou catering:
There are four major cuisines in China, namely "Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong and Sichuan", with different tastes. They are called "East Sour, West Spicy, South Sweet and North Salty", and Jiangsu cuisine belongs to "South Sweet" flavor.
Jiangsu cuisine is characterized by strict selection of materials, fine workmanship, different seasons due to different materials, and is good at stewing, stewing, steaming, roasting and frying in cooking, and attaches importance to mixing soup to maintain the original flavor. The taste is light and sweet, and the color matching is harmonious.
The famous Soviet-style specialty dishes are: Sweet and Sour Mandarin Fish, shark's fin in clear soup, oily eel paste, watermelon chicken, whole chicken with mother oil, Taihu water shield soup, emerald shrimp bucket, lotus stew and so on.
Suzhou snacks are also famous all over the world. Dried bean curd with honey sauce, pine nut candy, rose melon seeds, shrimp soy sauce, jujube paste sesame cake, lard rice cake, etc. are all well-known delicacies and must be tasted.
"Deyuelou" and "Songhelou" are old-fashioned Soviet-style restaurants; "Old Suzhou Tea Restaurant" is famous for its traditional Su-bang cuisine. "Zhuhongxing Noodle Restaurant" and "Lvyang Wonton" are inexpensive and suitable for mass consumption.
The main food streets in Suzhou are: Eunuch Lane, Shiquan Street, Xueshi Street, Jiayufang, Fenghuang Street, Ganjiang Road and Shilu Jinmen Shangshi Food Street.
during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the catering industry in Suzhou was more prosperous, and there were hundreds of famous dishes in restaurants and restaurants around Huqiu recorded in "A Record of Relying on the Bridge". With the development of commerce, the catering industry has flourished, while official banquet restaurants and post offices have been shrinking, while commercial restaurants, tea shops and hotels have been expanding. In particular, restaurants and restaurants have developed from small shops such as restaurants and restaurants to elegant and exquisite garden-style buildings. "Ice dishes are delicious, wine and tea are delicious, and they are not refined and clean." Shantang River, Shihu and other places are famous for their perfect dishes and boat spots. Famous chefs in Suzhou come forth in large numbers, and gradually form Su-bang dishes which are good at stewing, stewing, simmering and stirring, and are perfectly unified in color, fragrance, taste and shape. The most prosperous commercial city in Suzhou is formed outside the gate of Chang and Xu, with tea houses, wine shops, bathrooms, inns, restaurants and snack bars
. With the continuous expansion of the catering industry, during the Qianlong period, flour industry office, vegetable industry office and Jiqing office (luobing office) were established; During the Jiaqing period, the office was established; In the early years of Daoguang, a catering office was established. It can be seen that the catering industry in Suzhou is booming.
Around 2119, Guanqian Street was widened, and old restaurants such as Songhelou were rebuilt and expanded one after another. Big restaurants decorated their facades one after another, using neon advertisements, etc., and the shops were bright and spacious with exquisite furnishings. The number of restaurants in Beiju and Eunuch Lane increased. In the 21th year of the Republic of China, Sanliu vegetarian restaurant was opened in Dajian Lane, and then Yangzhou monk chef came here to open Jueyuan vegetarian restaurant. In the same year, the restaurant industry established a trade association. After 1937, the abnormal development of Suzhou catering industry was mostly concentrated in Guanqian area, especially in the eunuch lane of the North Bureau, which was almost all restaurants, so there was a saying among the people that "eating evil eunuch lanes".
In the long-term development and competition with peers, various restaurants in Suzhou have formed their own "housekeeping dishes" to attract customers. Songhelou Sweet and Sour Mandarin Fish, Tianhexiang shredded shrimp, honey sauce fire recipe, whole duck with Yichangfu mother oil, Tianlaifu gold and silver hoof, Jufengyuan (later changed to Xinjufeng) assorted stew, Laodehe mutton, Daqing Lou frozen chicken, Laotongyuankou Dingguoba soup, Danfenglou silky Korean meat, Tianxinlou fried eel back, braised rice, and Changshu Restaurant called it.
after liberation, the number of small and medium-sized shops serving the public increased. In February, 1951, there were 171 vegetable restaurants in the old city. In 1956, the centralized catering company implemented the transformation of the whole industry to private enterprises. There were 171 households and 766 people in the catering industry, 37 households and 372 people in the public-private partnership, and the rest were cooperative.
after the public-private partnership, the catering industry has improved its service measures, got rid of industry stereotypes and bad habits, won social respect for chefs and waiters, discovered, sorted out and inherited the traditional famous dishes of Su Gang, and trained a new generation of professional and technical personnel with famous chefs as their teachers. The advanced deeds of the service work in the Laiguan of Songhe Tower were compiled by the Municipal Pingtan Troupe and the Municipal Comic Troupe as "Satisfied, Not Satisfied" tracks and plays, and were put on the screen by changchun film studio in l963. After the "Cultural Revolution" began in 1966, the traditional time-honored brands were renamed, and all the famous dishes were cancelled and replaced by popular dishes; In 1976, the number of catering outlets was reduced to 31.
Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the catering industry in Suzhou has resumed and developed. Songhelou, Xinjufeng, Yichangfu, etc. have restored their old names, and the traditional famous dishes have been gradually restored and innovated. In 1981s, Suzhou was listed as a famous historical and cultural city, a scenic tourist city and an open coastal economic zone by the State Council. Tourists and merchants from home and abroad flocked to Suzhou, which brought new development opportunities to the catering industry and promoted its rapid development. Large and small restaurants have expanded and renovated, decorated facades, updated equipment, used modern kitchen equipment and facilities, installed air conditioners, etc., and the elegant room furnishings of restaurants have developed into modernization, luxury and art. While maintaining the Soviet-style color, flavor and shape, the dishes have developed into light, nutritious and delicious, and the recipes have been constantly innovated. Eunuch built a new food street, and Deyuelou built restaurants and restaurants with Suzhou garden style. Some famous shops and time-honored brands, such as Songhe Tower and Deyue Tower, have also set up branches in large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing and Tianjin. The catering industry is writing a colorful new chapter to promote the traditional catering culture in Suzhou, and to promote the urban development and economic prosperity in Suzhou.