■Chaoshan people’s customs of going out and wearing clothes——People in urban and rural areas pay attention to dressing neatly when they go out to do business or visit guests.
If you are a new guest or attending a festival, you should wear the most beautiful, timely and high-quality clothes. Rural people call this "making leather shirts and trousers".
Before the 1960s, farmers often went barefoot to do business in the fair.
After the 1980s, it was common to go to the fair to do business wearing shoes and socks.
Young men, women and children often have the custom of wearing new clothes when going out to visit relatives.
Carrying - In the old days, people often brought shopping baskets and baskets when they went to the fair; when visiting relatives, they brought flower baskets and rattan baskets containing gifts. For example, when carrying clothes on a long journey, common people used bags, some used water cloth, and rich people used vine pods.
, suitcase.
After liberation, people fashionably used military backpacks and leather bags, and women mostly used floral cloth handbags and plastic leather bags. After the 1980s, all kinds of handbags, backpacks, and suitcases were available according to people's preferences.
Transportation - Before liberation, people walked more often when going out and took boats for long distances.
Calculate the distance of the journey and use it as a pavement of 10 miles, which usually takes one hour.
Sedan is a means of transportation for wealthy people. There are many sedan shops for hire in cities and towns. Officials and dignitaries ride in a four-person sedan, generally wealthy people ride in a two-person bamboo sedan, and the bride rides in a bridal sedan when she gets married.
The sedan chair was abandoned after liberation.
There are very few ox-carts and no horse-drawn carriages in the local area.
After liberation, the garrison had horse-drawn carriages, which were later replaced by cars.
Before the 20th century, inland river and offshore transportation relied on wooden sailing boats and tent boats, and traveling to Suzhou and Hangzhou, to Hainan, and out to sea relied on two-masted red-headed ships.
After Shantou was opened as a port, the door opened up, and foreign ships arrived one after another. There were many foreign-funded, overseas Chinese, and domestic-funded shipping companies, and small ships also operated on inland rivers.
By the 1930s, water transportation had developed. People went overseas to do business, mostly by steamship, and red-headed ships gave way to the throne.
The Chaoshan Railway started construction in 1904 and was completed and opened to traffic in 1906, becoming the main artery for transportation between Shantou and Chaozhou.
From the late 1920s to the 1930s, automobile highways were generally built in Chaoshan cities and counties, and Shantou Airport was built in 1933. At this point, sea, land and air transportation were fully unimpeded, and wealthy people and businessmen mostly used this as a means of transportation.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, rickshaws (rickshaws) became an important means of transportation on urban roads; however, whether in urban or rural areas, short distances still relied on walking.
After liberation, a large number of bicycles appeared, and there were also many pedal tricycles in the urban area. By the 1960s and 1970s, Shantou became the area with the highest bicycle density.
After the 1980s, Shantou's sea and land transportation developed in an all-round way, and motorcycles became the area with the highest density in the country; highway transportation and urban buses and automobiles also gradually developed.
Going out by car, boat, or plane, whether long or short distance, has become a habit for people to go out.
Crossing rivers in plain areas usually relied on ferries in the old days. Since liberation, many bridges have been built. Small ferries in rural areas are also rare.
Farewell - When relatives and close friends travel far away, there must be a farewell.
Many trendy people go abroad to make a living. They are far away from their homeland, and they don’t know when they will return. They say farewell to family members, often with lingering sadness. They may give each other gifts as souvenirs, or send money for travel expenses, or send boiled eggs and sweet pills to send good winds, thousands of exhortations, thousands of instructions, and worldly favors.
The most kind and polite.
In the old days, there was a concept of "don't travel far when your parents are here". Nowadays, transportation is convenient and people put their career first, so the concept has gradually changed.
Taboo - In the old days, travelers who traveled far away had a difficult and dangerous journey, and it was often customary to seek divination from gods and choose auspicious days.
When setting off, it is advisable to say auspicious words and avoid words such as falling, sinking, turning, and falling.
Traffic accidents have occurred frequently in recent years. Drivers and passengers, as well as those praying for God’s blessings and blessings.
■Chaoshan people’s custom of seeing off guests is to welcome guests.
When a guest arrives, the host must step forward to greet him.
If the guest is a stranger, the host should introduce the guest's identity and title to the family, and ask the guest to sit at the appropriate seat.
Visitors from afar are given a towel to wash their faces.
Tobacco tea.
Offering cigarettes and tea is the most common etiquette among fashionable people, and it is indispensable for entertaining guests at home.
Non-smokers will also be eager to buy cigarettes when guests arrive.
Trendy people have a good face and use high-end cigarettes when toasting. If they do not have high-end cigarettes, they often say "I'm sorry" to the guests.
In the old days, in rural areas, farmers used chimneys to smoke. When guests arrived, they filled the cigarettes and lit the fire for the guests. When passing the chimney, they often wiped the mouth of the chimney with their palms and then handed it to the guests.
Later, when cigarettes became available, they rolled cigarettes for guests.
In the Qing Dynasty, Chaozhou people also had the custom of worshiping betel nuts.
Qianlong's "Chaozhou Prefecture Chronicles" records: "Betel nut and betel nut are always spoken. When relatives and friends come and go, if there is no wine and tea, don't think it is inappropriate. If there is no betel nut, it is called simple." Later, betel nut and betel nut were rare, and dry cigarettes became popular.
, the custom of offering betel nut was replaced by offering tobacco and tea.
Seeing off guests in rural areas is more enthusiastic. Whenever a guest brings a gift, the host only accepts part of it and sends another gift in return. They respect the ancient saying: "It is disrespectful to come and not to go back." Seeing off guests must also be sent to the alleys and villages.
outside.
This custom also exists in cities, but it is not as sophisticated as in rural areas.
■Looking at the food customs of Chaozhou people from Chaoshan proverbs Crayons Chaoshan proverbs are a form of expression of Chaozhou people's daily oral communication. It is a high-level summary and induction of Chaozhou people's life experiences and experiences, and contains Chaozhou people's life philosophy and principles of doing things.
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As for diet, as the top priority in the daily life of the people, it is naturally widely reflected in Chaoshan colloquialisms. The content involves Chaoshan snacks and specialties, Chaozhou people’s dietary preferences, dietary taboos, cooking techniques, etc. Chaozhou people’s
Food customs are more concrete, vivid, lively and interesting in the humorous Chaoshan proverbs.
It can be said that Chaoshan proverbs are also a rare and important way to explore Chaozhou people’s food customs and culture.
The following is a summary of Chaoshan common sayings about Chaozhou people’s food customs for the Fang family’s advice.