Preface to Zhang Dai's Jinnong Zhang Dai, also named Zongzi, also named Shigong, also named Tao'an, also known as Die'an layman.

A native of Shanyin, his ancestor was a native of Jianzhou, Shu, so the "Self-Epitaph" calls him "Zhang Dai from Shu".

The eldest son's family background is quite noble.

Gaozu Tianfu was a Jinshi in the 26th year of Jiajing's reign, and he was promoted to Taipuqing; his great-grandfather Yuanbian was the number one scholar in the fifth year of Longqing's reign, and he was promoted to Zuo Yude to serve in the Sutra Banquet; Zu Rulin was a Jinshi in the 23rd year of Wanli, and he studied in central Guizhou.

He had the most scholars, Yang Wen, Mei Zhi all came from his sect. At that time, people in Guizhou said that "there has been no such scholar in three hundred years."

In the art of guiding, there is a perfect fit between the monarch and his ministers.

(All the above can be found in the four family biographies of "Langhuan Collected Works") The eldest son can enjoy such a luxurious life, as written in "Memories of Dreams", precisely because he grew up in such a family relationship.

The eldest son's "Self-made Epitaph" states that he was born in Dingyou, the 25th year of Wanli (1599). He was forty-eight years old when Jiashen Ming of Chongzhen died.

There are two theories about the year of his death: Shao Tingcai's "Yi Min Zhuan" said he lived to be more than seventy years old, while Xu Nai's "Xiao Fu Ji Biography" addendum said he lived to be eighty-eight years old (1684).

The latter is probably reliable, because "Die'an Tixiang" has the words "eighty-one years, poor and sad table food" (Volume 5 of "Collected Works"), which is obviously more than seventy years old.

In the eighteenth year of Kangxi's reign (1679), when the Ming History Museum was opened, Mao Qiling served as the editor of the History Museum by reviewing the Hanlin Academy. At that time, he sent a letter to him asking for his Ming history works to serve as a blueprint for the history (Book 4 of "The Complete Works of Xihe")

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In the year of Kaiming History, he was already eighty-three. The letter recording his age may have been written in this year, or it may have been written after this year.

This shows that there must be some basis for saying that he lived to be eighty-eight years old.

According to this, we know that after the fall of the country, Zongzi remained a fugitive for forty years under the rule of the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

Then, his life can be divided into two stages.

In the previous period, his life was extremely luxurious and his attitude was extremely indulgent.

"My own epitaph" says: "As a young man, I loved prosperity very much. Good monasteries, good maids, good prostitutes, good fresh clothes, good food, good horses, good lanterns, good fireworks, good pear orchards, good

Advocate, love antiques, love flowers and birds; also enjoy tea and banter, and write poems in books. "This is his true confession, and what is recorded in "Memories of Dreams" is more specific facts.

Life after the fall of the country was very different.

"Epitaph" says: "When I was fifty years old, my country was ruined and my family was destroyed, so I took refuge in the mountains. What survived was a broken bed, a few broken tripods, a sick harp, a few broken books, and only an inkstone missing. I lived in plain clothes and ate vegetables, and often had no food to cook.

"Although, he is willing to be so poor.

"The Biography of the Yimin" says: "After Bingxu, he lived in a fairy house in Wolong Mountain, with short eaves and dangerous walls. He indulged in the Ming Dynasty's chronicles, which was called "The Collection of Books in the Stone Chamber" to imitate Zheng Sixiao's Tiehan Heart History."

The preface of "Memories of Dreams" also goes like this: "Tao'an's country was ruined and his family was ruined. He had nowhere to go, and he went into the mountains with his hair spread out. He was frightened like a savage. Therefore, when he saw him in the past, he was like a poisonous beast, and he was stunned and dared not meet him. He wrote his own elegiac poem,

Every time I want to make a decision, because the "Shu Gui Shu" has not been completed, I still have to wait for the world. However, I have been running out of grains and cannot raise the fire. "I have always lived in a luxurious family, and I am addicted to the good things. Once the country is destroyed, I will not be able to do it."

Begging for preservation is like the behavior of people like Qian Qianyi and Ruan Dacheng; he only treats everything in the past as a good dream last night, guarding an unfinished biography of the Ming Dynasty, and would rather let people treat him as a good dream.

Poison, like a beast, has no regrets.

Probably a person can regard loneliness and prosperity as the same, so that he can endure loneliness without being enthusiastic, live in prosperity without falling into decline. Liu Yue, Shi Wenwenshan is such a person, and how can Zhang Zongzi not be such a person?

The life that Qian Qianyi and Ruan Dacheng enjoyed was enjoyed by Zhang Zongzi, but Qian Ruan's generation did not have Zhang Zongzi's sentiments.

A lively dream, when I wake up, I always want to turn the illusion into reality.

Hence the creation of "Memories of Dreams".

Maybe if the Ming Dynasty had not died, he would not have written to cherish the life in front of him; even if he had written, he might have been extravagant and luxurious, embellishment of peace, and would not have had the various realms in "Memories of Dreams".

As for the high point of the article "Memories of Dreams", it is impossible to say. For example, when looking at the paintings of Xue Ge and Blind Venerable, I always feel that there is a sense of sadness in the gloomy ink and wash, but it is elusive.

Yu Danxin's "Banqiao Miscellaneous Notes" also uses the same technique, but it is more than clear and beautiful, but not enough for Leng Jun and heaviness.

Zongzi's poetry was influenced by Xu Wenchang, and Zongzi was deeply influenced by it because he was a free citizen of a subjugated country.

Wen Chang was a friend of his eldest son, great-grandfather. Family tradition says: "Xu Wen-chang was imprisoned for killing his second wife. Great-grandfather had many tricks to find out. There are things that Wen-chang cannot know."