The original text of Tian Wen:

Yue: Who preached it at the beginning of ancient times? Up and down are shapeless, so how can we test them? It's dark, but who can do it? Feng Yi is only like, how can he know it? Clearly secretly, but when what? The combination of yin and yang, what is this? Hey, it's nine-fold. Which one is it? But what did you do? Who did it first? What is the relationship between the dimensions and the celestial pole?

what does the eight pillars do, and what does the southeast lose? On the occasion of nine days, put an Shu? There are many corners, but who knows their number? What is the sky? Twelve points? Sun, moon and security? Li Xing An Chen? It comes from Tanggu, second only to Mengxi. Self-evident and gloomy, how many miles have you traveled? What is the virtue of luminous, and if you die, you will have children? What does Jue Liwei do, and Gu Tu is in the abdomen?

if there is no harmony between women, how can a husband get nine children? Where is Boqiang? Hui qi is there? Why is it awkward? Why open and clear? The horn is not in danger, and the spirit is hidden? If you don't let it flow, why can you still be a teacher? He said, "Why worry? Why don't you do it after class?" What are you listening to when the tortoise drags its title? What is the punishment for success?

If you stay in Yushan forever, why don't you do it for three years? Bo Yu, why does the husband change? Compile the preface and succeed in the exam. Why do you continue your career at the beginning, but you are different? Hongquan is extremely deep, why is it embarrassing? There are nine places, why the grave? Hehai Ying Long? What is the calendar? What camp are you in? What did Yu accomplish? When Kang returned to Feng's anger, why did you lean to the southeast?

is Kyushu wrong? Kawatani He Xun? The east doesn't overflow, who knows why? East, west, north and south, which is more? The north and south are elliptical, what is its derivative geometry? Where is the Kunlun hanging garden? Zengcheng Jiuzhong, how high is it? The door of the quartet, who is it? What is the spirit of the northwest? Can't it be a good day? What about Candle dragon? Xi he's failure to raise, if China He Guang? Why is it warm in winter? Xia Han?

why is there a stone forest? What beast can speak? How come there is a dragon and a bear to swim? There are nine heroes, but why are you suddenly there? Why not die? How to keep a long person? Nine miles away, and China lives in peace? A snake swallows an elephant. What's the difference?

what can I say if I change my mind after enlightenment? Wu Guang fought for the country, but after a long time, he won. Why did He Huan pass through the hills of Lushe Society and write a poem? I tell you that blocking ao will not last long. Why try to give yourself, and your loyalty will be well known?

Vernacular interpretation:

Who guided the spread of this state at the beginning of ancient times? Where did heaven and earth come into being before they were formed? Light and shade are chaotic, who can explore the root cause? How to recognize this phenomenon? The day is bright and the night is dark. What is it? Yin and Yang join together to create the universe, which is noumenon and which is evolution? The system of heaven is passed down as nine fold. Who has ever measured around?

what a big project it is. Who started building it?

where is the celestial axis rope? Where is the celestial pole fixed? Where does the eight-column support the sky face? Why is the southeast defective? Where does the nine-day margin on the plane reach and where does it belong? There are many corners where edges intersect, and who can know the number? Where does the sky meet the earth? How to divide the ecliptic into twelve equal parts? How are the sun, moon and celestial bodies connected? How do the stars set in the sky? The sun rises from the valley. Stay in the land of Mongolia.

how many miles have you traveled since dawn until dark?

what virtue does the moon have that it can die and be reborn? What is the black spot in the middle of the month? Is it hiding in the belly of a rabbit? Goddess Qi has no spouse, why can she give birth to nine children? Where does the God of Boqiang live? Where is the spirit of heaven and earth? Why is it dark when Tianmen is closed? Why does Tianmen open at dawn? Where is the sun hidden before the Oriental horn shines?

Gun is not competent for water control. Why did everyone recommend him? They say there is nothing to worry about, so why not try? What is the sacred virtue of Gun when it helps or drags or holds a title? Governance of Sichuan Valley also deserves credit. Why did Emperor Yao punish him? Put Gun in Yamayama for a long time. Why haven't you released him for three years? Dayu was born from the belly of a gun. How did the water control method change?

thunder and lightning in the evening. what's the worry about wanting to go home? The dignity of the country no longer exists. What do you pray for God? What else do you want to talk about when you are hiding in a cave? How can the country last long when Chu Xun was martyred in the old army? What can I say if I repent and correct my mistakes? Wu Wang Helu and Chu fought for the country, and we have been defeated by him for a long time!

Why did Lingyin Ziwen come into being around Lishe Hill? I once told the sages that the state of Chu would fail for a long time. Why does self-praise warn the monarch that the desire for loyalty and righteousness is more obvious?

Tian Wen was written by Qu Yuan in Qin Dynasty. Extended information

Writing background:

Regarding the creation background and reason of Tianwen, Wang Yi's Chapters of Songs of the South holds that after Qu Yuan's exile, he felt sad and haggard, wandering between Sichuan and Ze, wandering on the plains and hills, calling out to the sky, sighing on his back, entering the ancestral temple of the former king of Chu and the ancestral hall of the royal officials, and seeing the gods who dominated the mountains and rivers on the walls.

The picture is magnificent and beautiful, the image is magical and weird, and there are pictures depicting the actions of ancient sages and wise kings, so I wrote words on the wall to express my resentment. Chu people bemoaned Qu Yuan's unfortunate fate and collected these words, that is, Tian Wen. Later generations expressed doubts about this theory. For example, Wang Fuzhi thought that Qu Yuan wrote it to satirize the King of Chu.

in the thirty-ninth year of Zhou Xianwang (the first 33 years), Qu Yuan lived in Lepingli. Since childhood, I have been addicted to books, and I have read many and miscellaneous books. "Reading in caves" and "Bashanye Old Teaching Classics" should be in this year.

Zhou Xianwang lived in Lepingli for forty years (329 years before). Although Qu Yuan was born in a noble family, he was very sympathetic to the poor people because he lived among the people since childhood and was influenced by his family. Since then, at an early age, he has done a lot of good things that are sympathetic to the people and won unanimous praise.

In the forty-eighth year of King Xian of Zhou (the first 321 years), Qin Jun invaded Chu territory, and Qu Yuan organized the youth in Leping to fight hard. On the one hand, he gave ideological education to the young people condescendingly, on the other hand, he skillfully used various tactics, dealt a heavy blow to the enemy tactfully and courageously, and showed his extraordinary talents.

in the 19th year of Zhou Nanwang (296 BC), Chu Huaiwang died in the state of Qin, who sent his body back to Chu for burial. Therefore, the princes thought that Qin was unjust. Qin and Chu broke up. Qu Yuan was removed from his post as a doctor in San Lv and exiled to Jiangnan. He started from Yingdu, went to Ezhu first, and then entered Dongting.

In the 2th year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 295 years), Qu Yuan arrived in Changsha, where he visited the mountains and rivers, and felt very attached to the country.

in the twenty-second year of Zhou Nanwang (293 BC), in the sixth year of Chu Qing's reign, Qin sent Bai Qi to yique to attack South Korea, which won a great victory and beheaded 24, people. The State of Qin then sent a letter to the King of Chu saying, "The State of Chu betrayed the State of Qin, and the State of Qin is going to lead the vassals to crusade against the State of Chu and decide whether to win or lose. I hope you can rectify your foot soldiers and have a good fight. "

Chu Qingxiang's feelings of "Wang never forgets his desire to rebel" also pointed out that Wang Huai ended up in a foreign country because "his so-called loyalists are disloyal, while his so-called sages are not virtuous".

Introduction to the article:

Tian Wen is a strange article in Chu Ci: to say it is strange is not only that the artistic expression is different from Qu Yuan's other works, but also that it is strange from the conception of the works to the thought expressed in the works-the fantastic content shows its amazing artistic talent and the extraordinary knowledge and imagination of the poet.

Tian Wen is the quintessence of Qu Yuan's thought and theory, and all the questions are strange and important things that are not very solved in ancient legends. He seems to be asking for an answer and finding out a cause and effect. And these problems have also been explored by many scholars since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

In hundred schools of thought's article, almost all of them have been discussed. Qu Yuan's "Tian Wen", however, was made into such a great system with vague sentences and interrogative tone, which is why Qu Yuan is a poet rather than a "philosopher".

The word "Tian" in Tian Wen refers to all legal images, and the word "Dao" in Taoism and the word "Yi" in Yijing are all nouns used by various schools to represent these legal images.

Qu Yuan, an important official in the imperial clan of Chu, has rich knowledge and experience. With extraordinary intelligence, he wrote this wonderful essay, which is quite neat and miscellaneous, thus clearly showing the brilliance and value of Tian Wen.