Italy mainly has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, northern Chile has a tropical desert climate, central Chile has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, and the south has a temperate broad-leaved forest and tundra grassland climate.
Italian climate Most parts of Italy have a subtropical Mediterranean climate. Italy is bordered by the sea on three sides, and the Alps in the north block the winter cold current from attacking the peninsula, so the climate is mild and the sun is abundant. According to the different topography and geographical locations in Italy, the country is divided into the following three climate zones: the southern peninsula and island zone, the Madan plain zone and the Alps. The climate of these three regions has different characteristics. The southern peninsula and island areas have a typical Mediterranean climate, with Atlantic air masses dominant, tropical air masses in summer and temperate air masses in winter. The average temperature in southern Italy is 2~10℃ in January and 23~26℃ in July. The Bataan Plain has a transitional climate between subtropical and temperate zones, with characteristics of continental climate, low air pressure and humid climate. In the Milan and Bologna belts, heavy fog is often shrouded in winter, and sometimes it snows. The Badain Plain area is hot in summer and cold in winter. The average temperature in January is 2~4℃ and in July is 20~24℃. The Alps are the areas with the lowest temperatures in the country. The average temperature in winter when there is more snow is -12℃~1℃, and in July it is 4~20℃. The climate in the Alps has obvious vertical distribution characteristics. As the terrain increases, the temperature gradually decreases. In the lake area at the foot of the Alps, the climate is mild because the mountains block the cold current from Northern Europe and the lake water regulates it. In the northwestern Liguria region, the climate is very pleasant due to the influence of mountains and seawater. The average temperature in Genoa in January is 7°C, and various southern crops can be grown in this area, such as olives, grapes, citrus and peaches. There are many exotic flowers and plants in this area. Sanremo is a famous flower center in the country. Various flowers grown by local people are exported to all over the world in large quantities every year.
Rainfall Due to differences in climate across the country, rainfall is not evenly distributed across the country. In most areas of the southern peninsula, annual rainfall ranges from 500 to 1,500 mm, with more rain in winter. However, in the southern islands of Sicily and Sardinia, annual rainfall is very small, with an average of less than 500 mm, which is very detrimental to agricultural production. In the Bataan Plain area, the annual rainfall is about 600~1000 mm, and the rainy season is concentrated in summer. The rainfall in the Alps is the highest in the country, mainly concentrated in summer. The annual rainfall reaches more than 1000 mm, and in some places even exceeds 3000 mm.
Chile is located in the southwest of South America, at the western foot of the Andes Mountains. It borders Argentina to the east, Peru and Bolivia to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Antarctica to the south. The total length of coastline is about 10,000 kilometers. It is the narrowest country in the world, with a length of 4,352 kilometers from north to south and a width of 96.8 to 362.3 kilometers from east to west. There are many volcanoes in the territory and frequent earthquakes. The climate varies greatly among regions: the north has a tropical desert climate with no rain all year round; the central part has a subtropical Mediterranean climate with rainy winters and dry summers; and the south has a rainy temperate broad-leaved forest and boreal steppe climate. The average annual minimum and maximum temperatures are 8.6℃ and 21.8℃ respectively.
While traveling in Chile, I experienced a way of immersing myself in a world of colorful scenery and integration with nature.
All kinds of gorgeous and charming scenery will gather in this long and narrow country full of contrasts. It brings tourists a safe tourism environment, shocking natural scenery and excellent services.
Santiago, the capital of Chile, is the gateway to Chile. Santiago is an international city with a population of 3 million. Various modern and attractive buildings stand in various districts of the city. They are the result of Chile's sustained and rapid economic development in recent decades. These buildings constitute The main features of Santiago. Moreover, various types of modern architecture coexist harmoniously with 19th-century and colonial architecture.
Santiago is a diverse city, but more importantly, it is absolutely safe to travel here: convenient subway transportation network, gourmet gathering places, modern shopping malls, excellent infrastructure and Advanced engineering construction guarantees this. Santiago is also the first choice city for holding various conferences. Here you can not only enjoy the scenery of southern and northern Chile, but also experience the coastal scenery in the suburbs or the scenery of the mountains a few kilometers away.
Since Santiago is located at the foot of the Andes, you can enjoy the endless fun of snow sports in less than an hour. Another feature of it is that when it is summer in the northern hemisphere, it is a paradise for skiing enthusiasts. The sports season is high all year round, and the mountains here offer opportunities for long-distance hiking, rock climbing, skydiving, horseback riding, and more. In addition, in the nearby Cajon del Maipo Canyon, you can practice rafting and kayaking amid the ever-changing mountain scenery.
In addition to these stunning views, you can also taste the various crops, especially wine, that grow on the fertile soil in the transverse canyons. While tasting the wine, visitors can visit all the vineyards, wineries, bosses' homes and local museums according to the designed route or at will.
This is the countryside of Chile, and a rider can embody this world full of folk customs: people dressed in traditional costumes, driving animals, life in the manor, or dancing the cheerful Cueca, the traditional dance of the Chilean people.
For those who love the beach, you can enjoy the comfort and relaxation of hot springs on the Pacific coast in about an hour and a half along the road. In a relatively traditional city like Vigna de Mar, known as the "Vineyard of the Sea", it has rich nightlife and lively clubs. Vi?a de Mar is located next to the port of Valparaíso. Surrounded by mountains, most of the buildings here were built on the mountains in the 19th century and are still in use.
Of course, there are also quieter seaside hot spring baths, such as Black Island. Although the baths here are relatively mild, they do not lose their charm because of this. In the bathhouses of Cachagua and Zapayal, you will accidentally see fishermen fishing leisurely. It is they who gave the Chilean people their traditional belief in the sea.
On the Central Coast, it’s easy to enjoy mouth-watering cuisine: specialties made from local fish and seafood.
No one will forget Easter Island. This world-famous tourist destination can be reached by taking a five-hour flight from Santiago. This island full of mystery and legend is famous for its huge, stone sculptures, which the locals call moai. This culture is still very much alive and embodies traditional Polynesian symbolism while integrating with other cultures of the South Pacific. Therefore, for lovers of geology, archeology and sports, Easter Island is an absolute must. Likewise, it's an ideal place for hiking, horseback riding, fishing, and recreation. In addition, here visitors can enjoy a unique experience diving with a variety of colorful fish and corals. Easter Island is also famous for its folk art and exquisite crafts.
There are also the Juan Fernandez Islands. Although it is not as world-famous as Easter Island, it is a very unique place. It takes about two hours to fly to this archipelago. It consists of three parts: Robinson Gruso, Santa Clara and Alejandro Serchico. The name of the first island comes from the shipwreck story of Alejandro Serchico, which was collected by Daniel Defoe in his novel "Robinson Crusoe". The island is also considered a virgin territory for the Earth's biosphere.
From Santiago, you can reach Serena City, a five-hour drive or an hour's flight from Santiago, where the population of the Little North region is concentrated. In this city, countless beaches and the mysterious Elki Grand Canyon form a wonderful picture in perfect harmony. In Elqui Canyon, a grape juice called Pisco is produced, which has become a specialty of Chile due to its excellent quality and taste.
It takes about two hours to fly north from Santiago to the Atacama region. Here is the city of Antofagasta, which is the most densely populated city in the north. It is also Chile's most important mineral port and a major source of copper minerals. Further inland is the Atacama Desert. It can be said that here is the most charming scenery in Chile shaped by nature: vast and magnificent salt-alkali land, eternal snow volcanoes and lakes rich in species. In this vast desert, you can find some small villages with beautiful scenery. Surrounded by oases and nourished by flowing water, the people here still preserve indigenous culture and thousands of years of customs. To travel here, you must pass through Calama City, which is located 215 kilometers from Atacama City and takes two hours by plane from Santiago.
The capital of the Atacama region is San Pedro de Atacama. This is a very charming city with houses made of adobe. Don’t underestimate such a house. The facilities inside are First class and quite complete. You can get here by car from Calama City in one hour. The city of San Pedro de Atacama has the world's highest geothermal field, the Tadio Geyser, whose fumaroles can reach several meters high. In addition, visitors can also enjoy the beautiful sunset and the charming natural sculptures formed by salt penetration and erosion in the Valley of the Moon. After the sun sets, the volcanic peaks draw strange patterns around them, forming a moonscape. Visit the 12th-century fortified castles, the Archaeological Museum of Father Lepech or experience the picturesque oases.
Continuing north along the coast, you will arrive at Iquique, which is located 492 kilometers away from Antofagasta and takes two and a half hours by plane from Santiago. With its vast coast and unique tax-free zone, the city's economy is developing rapidly. Another wonder here is the still visible history of its old town. In the past, this city reached the peak of its economic development due to its rich production of saltpeter. Later, the saltpeter was suddenly replaced by chemical technology, and the craft gradually disappeared, leaving these towns with some phantoms that can prove the glory of the past.
After that, others left their traces. Northern Chile is famous for its large number of "geographic paintings", which are evidence of civilization before the discovery of the New World. In addition to its natural barrenness, the Atacama Desert has had oases that were the source of life throughout history. These oases were the only places where crops could be grown, and it was these oases that gave birth to landscapes such as Painted villages? Bica and Mattia.
In addition, the religious procession during the Dilana festival is held in memory of an Inca princess who managed to escape from the clutches of the colonists and hid in the Tamalucco forest in the desert.
The northernmost part of Chile is Arica, which is 307 kilometers away from Iquique or can be reached by a three-and-a-half-hour flight from Santiago. Thanks to this city's unique border location, you can visit both Peru and Bolivia at the same time. A fascinating archaeological tour can be enjoyed in the Asapa Canyon on the outskirts of Arica. Near the coast of this area, the most amazing cultural monument has been unearthed: the Qinqiaoluo mummy, the oldest mummy in the world. These mummies and other monuments dating back 10,000 years are housed in the Archaeological Museum of San Miguel de Azapa, 14 kilometers from Arica. Arica is also a great option if you want to visit the highlands. There are flat plateaus with an average altitude of 4,000 meters, a wide variety of animals, lakes, hot springs, snow volcanoes and charming small towns with a long tradition of Aymara culture. Some villages still retain churches from the 16th century, which should be part of the religious wealth left by Spanish colonial rule.
Continue driving for three hours from Arica to Chunkara, which is located in La Uca National Park. It is the highest lake in the world and has become a symbol of the Chilean plateau. This is an ideal area for bird watching, including mallard ducks, flamencos, vicu?as and guanacos.
Taking Santiago as the starting point again and heading south, from the city of Temuco we entered the lake and volcanic area. Just over an hour's flight from San Diego, a magnificent scenery will immediately appear in front of us? Thousand-year-old arauca virgin forest and countless national parks around it. This is the town of Mapuche. During the conquest of the New World, the people here fought with the Spanish for 300 years. In some villages, they still retain their own language, their mysteries and their own customs.
112 kilometers away from the city of Temuco are the Pucon and Vallarica Lake Baths. On both sides of the lake with the same name are gathered tourists attracted by its charming beaches, comfortable hotels, entertainment clubs, lively nightlife and the most abundant short excursions. Visit the National Park, raft the Trangula River or ski at the Vallarica Volcano Winter Center. This is a paradise for those who love sports, adventure, nature and fishing. There are twelve rivers and lakes surrounding these cities.
At the southern end of the lake and volcanic area, there are other wonders of mankind, whose architecture and cuisine are strong testaments to the German immigration. Among coastal cities, the beautiful city of Baltivia stands out. It is located 145 kilometers from Pucon or a two-hour flight from Santiago. The city of Baltivia runs through the Cajecaye River and its surrounding areas, and those who come here can even enjoy the charming scenery described by the ancient Spaniards. In addition to the scenic national parks and interesting rivers such as Puyeue, the city of Baltivia is 210 kilometers away and Puerto Montt is a two-hour flight from Santiago, again an ideal place for tourism, in a picturesque setting Sample local specialties in Anlhelmo.
On both sides of Lake Aguiue are the beautiful city of Frudial, Puerto Varas, Saltos de Pedroue and all the other gems besides the Lake of the Saints. The lake is so clear and transparent and the vegetation grows densely. Also a must-see are the Puyeue, Vicente Pérez Rosales and Alesse Andino National Parks, which protect large areas of grasslands, humid tropical forests, volcanoes, waterfalls and crystal clear waters. Rivers, all these landscapes will create unforgettable memories of your trip.
Starting from Puerto Varas or Puerto Montt, you can take a trip that combines sea sailing and land walking, so that you can reach the Argentine city of Bariloche. Chiloe Island is 90 kilometers away from Puerto Montt. This is an island steeped in myths and legends born from the fusion of indigenous and Catholic faiths. There are 150 churches preserved here, all of which were built by Jesus missionaries in the 18th and 19th centuries. 16 of them have been listed as world heritage sites. In addition to its architectural features, people here in ancient times maintained the maritime custom of building houses on wooden pillars, so the water houses here have become witnesses of this custom. The Chiloe diet is a blend of seafood and local crops. The most representative dish on the island is Guralto, which is a delicious slow-cooked dish made with many ingredients. Usually this dish is made in a pit on the ground.
On this island, the more prominent villages and towns are Ancut, Castro and Dalcahoue. In the village of Dalcahue, there will be a market where you can appreciate the fine handicrafts of the Chiloe people? They are made of linen, hand-woven, and carved on wood.
Extending south from Puerto Montt is the Polar Highway, which is 1,000 kilometers long and traverses lakes, rivers, glaciers, canyons, hot springs and national parks. From here you can enter Chile’s Patago Nia. It is the southernmost point of the American continent, and the vast, lush area on either side of the mountain range is called Patagonia. This area is largely uninhabited, with only about 2% of Chileans living here.
It is divided into Northern Patagonia and Southern Patagonia. To get to the northern part of Patagonia, you can fly from Santiago via Balmaceta, a journey that takes about three hours.
Balmaceta is located 55 kilometers from the city of Coia?que, it is the perfect place to explore these beauties and visit the San Rafael Lake National Park where there are drifting drums and the control of the San Paredin Glacier center. Take a cruise around the national park and enjoy the breathtaking scenery amidst the deafening sounds of falling ice. The Patagonia region can be called a true paradise: dense virgin forests, excellent fishing in lakes and rivers. It is also a favorite place for sports and adventure enthusiasts, and you can also go rafting or kayaking in the world-famous Vtareuf and Bek rivers.
A good starting point for exploring southern Patagonia is Puenta Arenas, which is about a four and a half hour flight from Santiago. From Puenta Arenas City to the Strait of Magellan you can go see penguins. Fuertes de Burnes was Chile's first polar enclave established in 1843. There is also a unique local sheep shearing manor. Of course, you can also take a boat here to visit the glaciers, Big Canal, Tierra del Fuego or go to Puerto Williams, which is the southernmost point where humans can live.
Nonetheless, the most worthwhile visit in this area is Painaita National Park, where you can see the huge towers and horns of rock and granite that make this Biosphere Reserve National parks are world famous. Beautiful lakes, wetlands and glaciers accompany these scenic journeys and are home to some of Chile's richest fauna. Painaita National Park has one of the most famous rafting routes in the world. Of course, you can also drive or ride horses here to enjoy this unique and beautiful polar scenery. Before arriving at Painata National Park, you must first come to Puerto Natales, which is three hours away from Puenta Arenas City. From here, it takes another three hours to drive to Painata National Park. Hour. From Puerto Natares you can also take a few more excursions, such as to the Miloton Caves. It was in this magical cave that people discovered the remains of prehistoric animals. In addition, you can also go sailing on the Serrana and Balmaceta glaciers, among the many attractions in Patagonia. You can also visit Antarctica from Puenta Arenas City. To reach this white continent, you can take a plane or a luxurious ship. On the way, you can pass through several islands and coastal science bases, and have direct contact with a primitive life that is completely alien to human beings!
Italian customs
Customs
Italians are hospitable and casual, but they do not have a strong sense of time and often miss appointments or are late.
When dining in Italy, it is the custom of Italians for men and women to sit separately. Generally speaking, the order of meals is that cold dishes are served first, followed by the first course with pasta, soup, rice or other staple food; the second course with fish, meat, etc., then sweets or fruits, ice cream, etc., and finally coffee.
Pay attention to etiquette when dining, and don’t ask for more than you can eat at one time. During the meal, do not make any clinking noises with your knife and fork. When eating noodles, roll up the noodles with your fork and bring them to your mouth. Do not suck them with your mouth. Especially when using soup, do not make any noise. After each dish is finished, the knife and fork should be placed side by side on the plate to indicate that the dish has been used up. Even if there is any leftover, the waiter will remove the plate.
Italians like to drink and are very particular about it. Generally, an aperitif is drunk before a meal, and the wine is determined according to the dishes during the meal. White wine is drunk when eating fish, and red wine is used when eating meat. You can also drink beer, water, etc. during the meal. Drink a small amount of hard liquor after a meal, add ice cubes. Italians rarely drink alcohol, and they don't have the habit of asking for alcohol during dinners. They just do it casually.
When you are invited to a friend's house, especially during the holidays, you should bring some gifts or souvenirs to the host. The packaging of gifts should be particular. After receiving the gift, the host will open the gift in front of the guest and say some polite words or words of thanks. In addition, when visiting an Italian home, don’t arrive early, it’s better to arrive a little later.
Name
The Italian name consists of a surname and a given name. When filling in official documents, in addition to the person's name, the father's name must be added, and sometimes the mother's name must be written. The order is the person's last name, the first name, the father's name, and finally the mother's name.
Clothing
The food, clothing and housing in Italy are similar to those in neighboring France. Daily clothing is mainly suits, but jackets, T-shirts and jeans have now become the common clothes of the people. I usually dress casually, but when I go to work I pay attention to my appearance. Some hotels stipulate that a tie must be worn when wearing a suit, and shirts are not allowed to be worn even in summer. However, there is no restriction on wearing national costumes.
Food
Italian cuisine is characterized by mellow and fragrant food, and is famous for its original flavor. The cooking skills are comparable to those of France, while pasta is above France, with 400 Many varieties. Italian breakfast is simple, dinner is the main meal, and the meal time is usually very late.
Accommodation
The housing conditions of Italians are similar to those in France, except that the rent is much lower than in France. Generally speaking, Italians in the north have better housing conditions than in the south. Not many Italians own second homes.
Wedding
Italy is a country with a strong Catholic influence. According to Catholic tradition, weddings should be held in churches, but now more and more people are going to the city hall to register their marriages.
Funeral
Since the rise of Catholicism, Italians have been mainly buried after death, and there are cemeteries everywhere. Generally, after an Italian dies, a simple religious ceremony is held in a church, and then the coffin is placed in a prepared grave.
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Clothing Etiquette
Chile’s clothing industry is developed, and there are various types of clothing on the market. Styles of popular clothing, so some people think that Chilean clothing leads the trend in South America. Some local ethnic minorities still wear traditional costumes with distinctive ethnic characteristics. For example, Araucan men wear woolen cloaks.
Manners and Etiquette
Chilean people are generous in manners and very polite in dealing with others. When you go to some local offices to do business, the strictly trained secretaries will always treat visitors politely. They generally do not use toothpicks to pick their teeth in front of others. If they must use toothpicks, they can go to the bathroom
Meeting Etiquette
Chileans’ nickname for boys is Chinido, which means It is a little Chinese, and Qinida is a pet name for girls, which means little Chinese girl. When Chileans meet guests in social situations, they generally shake hands as a courtesy. When relatives and friends meet, they often give hugs. When women meet, they kiss each other on the face.
Dining Etiquette
Chileans mainly eat pasta, and sometimes rice. They like to eat seafood, beef and mutton, etc., and vegetables they often eat include potatoes, cucumbers, etc. Chileans eat four meals a day, one in the morning, one at noon, one at four in the afternoon, and another at nine in the evening. The meal at four o'clock in the afternoon is relatively simple, with some snacks
Wedding and funeral etiquette
For people who believe in Catholicism in Chile, their weddings and funerals are conducted according to Catholic etiquette. If the wedding is conducted by a priest in a church, the priest needs to ask both men and women if they agree to become husband and wife. The funeral ritual of the local Araucan people is to bury the deceased in the grave and place some burial objects beside him. Generally, men place weapons and women place daily utensils.