Idioms about historical allusions:

Eating humble pie, offering a humble apology, looking for plum to quench thirst, being besieged on all sides, last stand, returning to Zhao in perfect condition, looking after the thatched cottage, being surrounded by plants and trees, rescuing Zhao from Wei, referring to a deer as a horse, losing lips and cold teeth, and talking on paper. The following explains some of the allusions:

All trees and grass are soldiers

This idiom comes from The Book of Jin. A Record of Fu Jian, which shows that the soldiers are elite when they enter the city and look at Julian Waghann. Looking north at the vegetation on Bagong Mountain, they are all humanoid.

in 383 ad, Fu Jian, the former Qin emperor who basically unified the north, led 9, soldiers and horses to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south. The Eastern Jin Dynasty appointed Xie Shi as a general, Xie Xuan as a pioneer, and led 8, soldiers to fight.

After Qin Jun striker Fu Rong captured Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), Fu Shu personally led 8, cavalry to the city. He listened to Fu Rong's judgment and thought that the Jin soldiers were vulnerable. As long as his follow-up army arrived, they would surely win a great victory. So he sent a man named Zhu Xu to surrender to Xie Shi.

Zhu Xu was an official of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After seeing Xie Shi, he reported the protection situation in Qin Jun and suggested that the Jin army attack Luojian (now Dongluo River in Huainan, Anhui) before the follow-up army of the former Qin Dynasty arrived. Xie Shi followed his advice, sent troops to attack the Qin camp, and the result was a great victory. Jin marched on Shouyang.

when Fu Jian learned that Luojian was defeated, Jin soldiers were coming to Shouyang. He was shocked and immediately boarded Shouyang Chengtou with Yu Rong to personally observe the movement of Jin troops on the other side of Feishui. It was the middle of winter, and it was cloudy. From a distance, the sky above the water was gray. Looking carefully, there are many masts and warships, and the Jin soldiers are armed with knives and halberds. The lineup is very neat. He couldn't help secretly praising Jin soldiers for their orderly protection and well-trained.

Then, Fu Jian looked north again. There is Bagong Mountain across, and there are eight rolling peaks on the mountain. The terrain is very dangerous. The base camp of Jin soldiers was stationed at the foot of Bagong Mountain. With a northwest wind whistling by, the swaying vegetation on the mountain is like countless soldiers moving. Fu Jian suddenly turned pale and said to Fu Rong in horror, "Jin Bing is a strong enemy. How can you say that it is a weak soldier?"

Soon, Fu Jian, in the plan of Xie Xuan, ordered the troops to retreat slightly, so that the Jin soldiers could survive the decisive battle at the water. As a result, when the Qin army retreated, it trampled on itself, was in flight, and was defeated.

this battle is a famous battle at the foot of water in history, and it is a famous war example in history, in which less wins more and weaker wins stronger.

live and work in peace and contentment

The source of Laozi

Sweet food, beautiful clothes, living in peace, and enjoying its customs.

Definition means a happy and stable life.

In the Spring and Autumn Period of the story, there was a famous philosopher and thinker. His surname was Li, his name was Er, and his word Yong. It is said that when he was born, he had white hair. A little old man with a white beard; So people call him "Lao Zi"; He also said that he was born under a plum tree, so his surname was Li; Because his ears are very big, he is called "ear". In fact, Laozi is a respectful name for him. He was always dissatisfied with the reality at that time, and opposed the wave of innovation in society at that time, and wanted to go back. He is nostalgic for the ancient primitive society, and thinks that material progress and cultural development have destroyed people's simplicity and brought people pain, so he longs for an ideal society of "small country and few people". Lao described his idea of a "small country with few people" society like this: the country is small and the people are scarce. Even if there are many appliances, don't use them. Don't let people take risks with their lives, and don't move far away. Even if there are vehicles and boats, no one will ride them. Even if there are weapons and equipment, there is nowhere to use them. It is necessary for people to re-use the ancient method of tying knots to keep records, eat sweetly, dress comfortably and live comfortably, and be satisfied with the original customs and habits. Neighboring countries can see each other. Crows and dogs can hear each other, but people don't communicate with each other until they die of old age.

Perseverance

Qiao Xuan, an official in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was dignified and hated evil. Once, a gang of robbers tied up his 1-year-old son and brought him into his house, demanding that Qiaoxuan, who was ill, immediately take money to redeem it, and was angered by Qiaozhi. Soon, the officers and men surrounded the Qiaojia family, fearing that the robbers would kill Qiaozhi's son, and were afraid to start work. At this time, Qiao Xuan shouted angrily: "Can I let these bad guys go because of my son's life?" Urge the officers and men to start work quickly. As a result, Qiaoxuan's son was killed by robbers. People praised Qiao Xuan as "indomitable" and always kept moral integrity.

Perseverance

In the autumn of the third year of Emperor Han's reign, there was a sudden rumor that there was going to be a flood in Chang 'an, the capital city, and Chang 'an would be swallowed up by the water. During the brake time, all the people in Chang 'an were alarmed, and everyone helped the old and the young and rushed to escape.

As soon as the news reached the palace, Emperor Han Chengdi immediately summoned hundreds of civil and military officials to the palace to discuss the countermeasures. Emperor Cheng's uncle and general Wang Feng also panicked and advised Emperor Cheng and the Empress Dowager to hide on the boat and prepare for evacuation. Ministers also echoed Wang Feng's opinion. Only Prime Minister Sun Wang Shang resolutely opposes it. He thinks that the flood can't come suddenly, it must be a rumor, and it can't be easily evacuated at this critical moment, which will only make people more flustered. Emperor Cheng adopted the advice of Wang Shang. After a while, there was no flood in the city, and the rumors were broken, and the order in the city was slowly restored. After investigation, it is true that the rumors are untrue. Emperor Cheng appreciated Wang Shang's ability to push through public opinions. Wang Feng, however, thought it was Wang Shang who made him unable to step down, so he was dissatisfied.

Wang Feng has a relative named Yang Gui, who is the prefect of Lang Na. Because the place under his jurisdiction was not well managed, Wang Shang wanted to punish him. Wang Feng personally went to Wang Shang to intercede for Yang Gui and excuse him. Wang Shang insisted on the principle and removed Yang Guan from his official position. Wang Feng was even more bitter and tried every means to retaliate. So he colluded with his accomplices and framed Wang Shang. Han Chengdi finally listened to the slanderers and dismissed Wang Shang as prime minister.

however, it is a public opinion of right and wrong. Ban Gu, the author of Hanshu, commented on Wang Shang when he wrote his biography: he is honest, fair and unyielding. Such comments are very objective and fair.

last stand

Han Xin was born in Huaiyin (now southwest of Qingjiang River in Jiangsu Province). He is a general under Hanwang Liu Bang. In order to defeat Xiang Yu and seize the world, he set a plan for Liu Bang, first captured Guanzhong, then crossed the Yellow River eastward, defeated and captured Wei Wangbao who betrayed Liu Bang and obeyed Xiang Yu, and then attacked Zhao Wangxie eastward.

Han Xin's troops have to pass through a very narrow mountain pass called Jingxingkou. Li Zuojun, the counselor of the Prince of Zhao, advocated that while blocking the mouth of Jingxing, he sent troops to copy the path to cut off the provisions of the Han army. Without backup, Han Xin's expeditionary forces would surely fail. But Chen Yu, the general, refused to listen, and insisted on fighting the Han army head-on, relying on his military superiority.

Han Xin was very happy to learn about this situation. He ordered the troops to camp 3 miles away from Jingxing, and in the middle of the night, let the soldiers have some snacks and tell them to eat after winning the battle. Later, he sent 2, Qingqi to advance covertly from the path, asking them to rush into the Zhao camp quickly after Zhao left the camp and put on the Han flag. Another 1, troops were sent to seduce Zhao by deliberately lining up the river.

at dawn, Han Xin led an attack and the two sides fought fiercely. Soon, the Han army was defeated back to the water position for a pretence, and all Zhao troops left the camp and came to pursue. At this time, Han Xin ordered the main force to attack, and the soldiers who had no retreat turned around and pounced on the enemy. Zhao couldn't win and was about to return to the camp. Suddenly, the flag of the Han army had been inserted in the camp, so he fled in all directions. The Han army pursued the victory and won a great victory.

When celebrating the victory, the generals asked Han Xin: "According to the art of war, the array can be backed by mountains, and the water can be in front of it. Now you want us to queue with water on our backs, and you also say that we can beat Zhao and have a full meal. We didn't believe it at that time, but we actually won. What kind of strategy is this?"

Han Xin said with a smile, "This is something in the art of war, but you just didn't notice it. Didn't the art of war say,' If you are trapped in death, you will be born later, and if you leave it behind, you will survive'? If there is a retreat, the soldiers have fled, how can they be desperate! "

The idiom "last stand" evolved from this story, which is mostly used in military actions and can also be used in actions with the nature of "decisive battle".

it's not far away

source: "Mencius Liang Huiwang" Mencius meets Liang Huiwang. The king said, "Support! Come a long way, will it benefit our country? "

definition: "not far from a thousand miles" is also called "not far from a thousand miles", which means that you don't have to travel a thousand miles to a place, and it is a metaphor for not being afraid of the long journey.

Story: When Liang Huiwang met Mencius, he enthusiastically said, "Sir, you didn't come to our state of Wei thousands of miles away, so you must have brought benefits to my country."

Mencius replied, "Your Majesty, why do you talk about profit as soon as you open your mouth? Just have benevolence and righteousness. If the king says how to benefit my country, the doctor says how to benefit my fief, and the scholars and the people say how to benefit themselves, it will be dangerous to pursue self-interest from top to bottom. " Then Mencius said: "In a country that can dispatch 1, personnel carriers, it must be a doctor's house that can dispatch 1 personnel carriers to murder their monarch;" In a second-class country that can dispatch 1, personnel carriers, the murderer of their monarch must be a doctor's house that can dispatch 1 personnel carriers. Doctors in big countries can get thousands of personnel carriers from countries with thousands of personnel carriers, and doctors in second-class countries can get hundreds of personnel carriers from countries with thousands of personnel carriers. These doctors can't say too much about their industries, but they will never be satisfied. So you can't promote self-interest. "

Liang Huiwang was very touched and asked anxiously, "What does that gentleman think should be done?" Mencius said: "A man who never speaks benevolence will abandon his parents, and a man who has no handout will disrespect his monarch. Therefore, your majesty, you only need to talk about righteousness, so why talk about profit? "

An old horse knows the way

Source: Han Feizi. On the Forest, Guan Zhong and Ji (xi) friends cut solitary bamboo from Huan Gong, and returned from spring to winter, confusing and losing their way. Guan Zhong said, "The wisdom of an old horse can be used." It is to release the old horse and follow it, and then get the road.

definition: "the way". The old horse knows the road. It means that experienced people are familiar with the situation and can play a guiding role in a certain aspect.

Story: In 663 BC, at the request of Yan State, Qi Huangong sent troops to attack Shanrong, which invaded Yan State, accompanied by Guan Zhong, the prime minister, and Ji Peng, a doctor. The Qi army went to war in spring, and it was winter when they returned home in triumph, and the vegetation changed. The army wandered around in a valley with high mountains and mountains, and finally lost its way and could never find its way back; Although many scouts were sent to explore the road, they still couldn't figure out where to get out of the valley. Over time, the army's supplies became difficult. The situation is very critical. If we don't find a way out, the army will be trapped here. Guan Zhong thought for a long time and came up with an idea: since dogs can find their way home far away from home, horses in the army, especially old horses, will also have the ability to know the way. So he said to Qi Huangong, "Your Majesty, I think the old horse has the ability to find the way. You can use it to lead the way ahead and lead the army out of the valley." Qi Huangong agreed to give it a try. Guan Zhong immediately picked out several old horses, untied the reins and let them walk freely at the front of the army. It's strange that all these old horses are marching in the same direction without hesitation. The army followed them east and west, and finally walked out of the valley and found the road back to Qi.

Return to Zhao in one piece

In 283 BC, King Zhao Xiang of Qin sent an envoy to Handan City (now Hebei Province) to see King Zhao Huiwen, saying that the King of Qin was willing to give up 15 cities in exchange for a precious "harmonious jade" collected in Handan City, hoping that the King Zhao would agree.

King Huiwen of Zhao discussed with the ministers whether to agree or not. If you want to promise, you are afraid of being taken in by the state of Qin. If you lose Choi, you won't get the city. If you don't promise, you will be afraid of offending Qin. After talking for a long time, I still can't decide what to do.

At that time, Lin was recommended to be like Ru, saying that he was a very knowledgeable person.

King Huiwen Zhao called Lin Xiangru and asked him for an idea.

Lin Xiangru said, "Qin Guoqiang and Zhao Guowei are weak, so we can't do it unless we agree."

King Huiwen of Zhao said, "What if the State of Qin takes the Bi and doesn't give it to the city?"

Lin Xiangru said, "The State of Qin took out fifteen cities in exchange for a jade, and this value is high enough. If Zhao Guo refuses, it is Zhao Guo's fault. The king sent Choi and Choi, and if Qin doesn't hand over the city, it's Qin's fault. I'd rather promise and ask Qin to bear this mistake. "

Wang Huiwen of Zhao said, "Then please ask your husband to go to the State of Qin. But what if Qin doesn't keep its word? "

Lin Xiangru said, "When the State of Qin has handed over the city, I will leave my family's wall in the State of Qin; Otherwise, I will definitely bring the jade back to Handan intact. " (The original text is "Return to Zhao intact". )

Lin Xiangru arrived in Xianyang with He Shibi. King Qin Zhaoxiang proudly received him in the other palace. Lin Xiangru offered the wall.

King Qin Zhaoxiang took the wall and looked at it. He was very happy. He handed the wall to the beauty and the left and right courtiers for everyone to pass on. Ministers all congratulated King Qin Zhaoxiang.

Lin Xiangru stood in the court waiting for a long time, but he didn't see the change of the city by the king of Qin. He knew that King Qin Zhaoxiang didn't really take the city for the wall. But the jade has fallen into someone else's hands. How can we get it back?

He used his quick wits to come forward and said to King Qin Zhaoxiang, "Although this jade is quite valuable, it has some minor defects. It is not easy to see that King Qin Zhaoxiang believed it, so he ordered his attendants to hand it to Lin Xiangru.

As soon as Lin Xiangru got the wall, he stepped back, leaned against a big pillar in the palace, glared and said angrily, "Your Majesty sent messengers to Handan, saying that he was willing to exchange fifteen cities for the wall of Zhao. The prince of Zhao sincerely sent me to deliver Bi. However, the king did not exchange sincerity. Now I have the jade. If the king forces me, I'd rather smash my head and this wall together on this pillar! "

As he said this, he really took the Hebi and made it look like he was going to hit the post.

King Zhao Xiang of Qin was afraid that he had really broken the stone, so he quickly apologized to him and said, "Don't get me wrong, Sir, where can I say it doesn't count?"

He ordered the minister to bring the map, and showed Lin Xiangru the fifteen cities to be replaced by Zhao.

Lin Xiangru thought, don't be fooled by him again. He said, "Before the Prince of Zhao sent Bi to the State of Qin, he fasted for five days and held a grand ceremony in the court. If the king sincerely changes the jade, he should also fast for five days, and then hold a ceremony to accept the jade before I dare to offer it. "

Qin zhaoxiang thought about it, but you couldn't run away anyway, so he said, "OK, let's do it."

He ordered Lin Xiangru to be sent to a hotel to rest.

Lin Xiangru returned to the inn, told an attendant to dress up as a businessman, hid the wall close to his body, and secretly ran back to Handan through the alley.

Five days later, King Zhao Xiang of Qin summoned ministers and envoys from other countries in Xianyang to hold a ceremony to accept He Shibi in the court, which was called Lin Xiangru's court. Lin Xiangru unhurriedly went to the temple and saluted King Qin Zhaoxiang.

King Zhao Xiang of Qin said, "I have fasted for five days. Now you take out the wall."

Lin Xiangru said, "Since Qin Mugong, there have been more than twenty monarchs in Qin, and none of them has been faithful. I was afraid of being cheated and lost my jade. I was sorry for the prince of Zhao, so I sent my jade back to Handan. Please ask the king to treat my sin. "

king Zhao Xiang of Qin was furious when he heard this. Say, "Did you cheat me, or did I cheat you?