1. Composition on the characteristics of the Buyi people
Architecture of the Buyi people in Guizhou
Before liberation, the Buyi people, who mainly cultivated rice, had Most of the areas and villages they live in are located in the valley of the dam or near mountains and rivers, so it is known as "Buyi Water Town" or "Water Town Buyi". Some of them are also called "water tribe" or "mito" because their ancestors have lived by the water for generations. The Buyi people who are distributed in Luoping and Fuyuan areas like to live in clusters. Each village has only a dozen or dozens of households, or as many as hundreds of households. Most members of the same village have a certain blood relationship, so a village has a certain blood relationship. Or a region often comes from the same surname or family. In the past, the basic unit of Buyi society was the feudal patriarchal patrilineal family. The head of the family enjoyed the power to control the family's economy and decide on the family's affairs. Most families are small monogamous families, but there are also large families with three or four generations living under one roof. Women's status in family life is generally lower than that of men. Since sons often live apart from their parents when they grow up and build new houses, elderly parents usually live with their young sons. According to different distribution areas, the Buyi people have several types of housing. Most of the first halls are two-story buildings, but there are also thatched houses or tile-roofed houses with double sloping roofs, half buildings and bungalows. A few villages in the Badakejin belt of Luoping County still retain the architectural form of the Buyi royal houses in the past, that is, livestock are raised on the bottom floor, people live on the middle floor, and things are stored on the upper floor. Half-buildings are mostly built on the slopes of mountains. Some have a house in the back half and a building in the front half; some have a bungalow in the right half and a building in the left half. In some areas, balconies for cooling crops or clothes are built on the south side of the house or on the front and rear sides using the local specialty bamboo, which is very similar to the Dai area. Building materials are sourced from nearby areas, and thatch, bamboo, fir and pine produced locally are generally used for construction. The Buyi residences in Yihong and Yide brigades of Niujie Commune often use natural sand and gravel from the riverside cut into large rectangular stone bricks for their walls, which saves labor and materials and is beautiful and practical. Before liberation, most of the working people of the Buyi ethnic group lived in simple thatched houses, and only a few wealthy families built houses with tiles. After liberation, almost all the Buyi people in this area built new tile-roofed houses, and the livestock pens for raising livestock were rebuilt near the houses, which changed the unhygienic situation where people and livestock were trapped in the area.
In the main halls of Buyi houses in this area, there are generally "wall-mounted" or "incense table-shaped" shrines, and they also like to imitate the Han people to worship the "Heaven, Earth, Lord, Prince, Master" and ancestral tablets. . The two sides of the house are divided into kitchen rooms, bedrooms or guest rooms. Whether it is a bungalow or a building, they all like to have a fire pit indoors, mainly for warming up. 2. A 200-word essay on the Buyi people
How many other ethnic groups in the world live in stone houses surrounded by mountains and rivers? What about?
How many other ethnic groups in the world sew their own clothes?
How many other nations in the world believe in primitive nature worship?
Let’s start from the Song Dynasty!
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The Buyi people live in slate houses close to mountains and rivers. The walls of the slate houses are built with stone strips or stones, and the walls can be up to five or six meters high; they are covered with stone slabs and paved in neat diamond or rhombus shapes. With the materials paved in scale patterns, the stone houses are not only weatherproof, but also simple and beautiful. The roof is light and easy, making it comfortable to live in without being depressing. In short, except for the sandalwood rafters, which are made of wood, the rest are all made of stone, and even the tables, stools, and tables used daily at home are made of stone. Stoves, bowls, mills, mills, troughs, jars, basins, etc. are all made of stone. Everything is simple and honest. This kind of house is warm in winter and cool in summer, and is moisture-proof and fire-proof, but the lighting is poor.
Buyi Most men and women of the ethnic group like to wear blue, green, black, white and other colors of cloth. Young and middle-aged men often wear turbans, double-breasted shorts (or long gowns), turbans, and trousers. Most elderly people wear double-breasted shorts or long gowns. Women's clothing varies from place to place. Some wear right-front lapels, trousers or pleated skirts, and silver bracelets, earrings, necklaces and other jewelry. Some like to embroider flowers on their clothes, and some like to wrap their heads with white towels. < /p>
The Buyi people believe in primitive nature worship. They regard natural objects and natural forces as objects with life, will and great ability and worship them. During sacrifices, each household must offer eggs and pork to the gods, and all the people in the village must sacrifice them. Have dinner together on the spot to pray for a good harvest and safety for the whole village. 3. Composition of the beautiful Luo Ping
Several golden seas of rapeseed flowers, a famous waterfall, a beautiful river, and a majestic stream The Three Gorges make up the beautiful Luoping.
Luoping, my hometown, has thousands of rapeseed flowers in spring; in summer, the Jiulong Waterfall with rainbows looks even more beautiful after the drizzle; in autumn, the osmanthus trees of Lafeng Primary School are floating in waves. Fragrant; in winter, there are thick snow piled beside the Duoyi River...
Luoping’s rapeseed flowers are world-famous, so Luoping’s honey is also famous in the world. Among the tourists here are British , Koreans, Russians, and even Americans from as far away as the Atlantic Ocean came all the way. Speaking of which, you must have thought of the beauty of rapeseed flowers.
As you might expect, when the rapeseed flowers are in bloom, the whole city becomes golden, as if the Jade Emperor asked the Sun God to spread a little more sunshine on the land when he built it. Bees dance gracefully and work hard in the flowers to collect pollen and turn it into nectar. There are many small houses and hives among the flowers on the roadside. There are often bees going out to collect nectar or returning from collecting nectar. Among the rapeseed flowers in Luoping, you can not only admire the mountains of rapeseed flowers, but also taste the sweet and delicious honey. It is really wonderful!
There is also the Jiulong Waterfall that attracts tourists’ attention even more. There are ten waterfalls in Jiulong Waterfall, the most beautiful of which are Yingbin Waterfall, Shenlong Waterfall and Lover Waterfall, as well as a series of small waterfalls. It also has the reputation of "Ten Waterfalls in Kowloon and Unique in South China"!
The Little Three Gorges is even more majestic. Compared with the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, the Small Three Gorges is no less impressive. It is still surging and flowing in a world that was originally a sea.
The Duoyi River is the paradise of the Buyi people, and the Water Splashing Festival is an essential festival there. The mountains and rivers there are beautiful, and the Duoyi River flows calmly, splashing with water from time to time. What is that? Oh, it turns out that the Buyi girl is celebrating the Water Splashing Festival!
Beautiful Luoping, my hometown. The world-famous golden rapeseed flowers, the Jiulong Waterfall, a unique sight in the South, the majestic Little Three Gorges, the beautiful mountains and clear waters of the Duoyi River... This is my hometown, and I am proud of my hometown! 4. Luo Ping's essay on hometown delicacies 600 Grade 6
Today, I will introduce a delicious snack - Xiao Long Bao.
Where to start? So it should start with the first time I ate Xiao Long Bao?
One Spring Festival, my mother took me to Yu Garden to watch lanterns. After watching the lantern show, we went to have supper. Mom said: "I'll take you to eat Nanxiang Xiaolongbao." As soon as we entered the door, we found that there was a sea of ??people inside. We waited in line for a long time before we got a seat. My mother ordered four small steamed buns as soon as they arrived. I asked strangely: "Mom, can you finish it after you ordered so many?" My mother looked mysterious and said, "You will know in a while."
After a while, the waiter brought four cages of xiaolongbao. Mom opened the lid, and the aroma suddenly hit her nostrils, and a burst of hot air hit her face. I looked at the xiaolongbao carefully. Each one was white and thin, and there seemed to be a bag of juice inside. The shape was similar to a steamed bun. No wonder it was called xiaolongbao. My stomach was growling with hunger at this time, and I wanted to open my mouth wider and swallow four small steamed buns in one go. I hurriedly picked up a small steamed bun and stuffed it into my mouth, but before I even tasted the taste, I hurriedly spit it out. It turned out that the steamed bun was very hot. My mother said: "To eat Xiao Long Bao, you should first add some vinegar, bite a hole gently, suck up the delicious soup inside, and then eat the skin and meat. The delicious essence of Xiao Long Bao is in the soup. I follow my mother's instructions Eat it the right way, the soup is fresh, the skin is thin and the meat is tender. Sure enough, my mother and I finished eating the four-kettle dumplings in a short time.
After listening to my introduction, you are already addicted. Your mouth is watering. Why are you hesitating? Go and try one of my favorite delicacies. As the saying goes: "Food is the most important thing for the people." In China, almost every place has its own specialty food. Beijing's Roast Duck. , dried tofu in Suzhou, etc. But I have a special liking for Kung Pao Chicken. Kung Pao Chicken is a specialty of Shuncheng Hotel. Once I curiously said: "Why is Kung Pao Chicken in your hotel?" What about the specialties? The waiter smiled and said: "Speaking of this Kung Pao Chicken, I have to talk about its origins. Among them is the character Ding Baozhen, because he loved chicken when he was a child. The chef often made Kung Pao Chicken for him." After listening to the waiter With the introduction, I have a deeper understanding of Kung Pao Chicken. I smelled it with my nose, and a fragrance came to my nostrils, which made me salivate. I took a look: this bright chicken was placed in front of it. A flower with fiery red chili peppers all around, like some rubies inlaid around diced chicken. I picked up a piece and put it in my mouth. I felt the tip of my tongue was slightly numb. I chewed it gently. It was tender, crispy and delicious. It was like a chicken but not a chicken. The meat is not meat, it is wonderful. After eating, there is still a lingering fragrance in my mouth. Looking at the empty plate, I licked my mouth and said with a smile: "The taste of Kung Pao Chicken is truly well-deserved." 5 . A 550-word essay on the characteristics of the Buyi people
In the southeast of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the Song Dynasty, there were some indigenous residents who worked and lived here as early as the Stone Age. Slowly, the indigenous residents here formed a community. They are the Buyi people.
The Buyi people live in slate houses surrounded by mountains and rivers. The walls of the slate houses can be built with stone strips or stones, and the walls can be built with stone slabs. The roof is paved in a neat diamond shape or in a scale pattern with the materials. The stone dwellings are not only weatherproof, but also simple and beautiful. The roof is light and easy to live in without being depressing. In short, except for the sandalwood rafters, which are made of wood, the rest are all made of stone. Even the tables, stools, stoves, bowls, mills, troughs, jars, basins, etc. used in daily life are all made of simple and honest stone. This kind of house is warm in winter and cool in summer, and is moisture-proof and fire-proof. However, it has poor lighting. .
Buyi men and women mostly like to wear blue, green, black, white and other colors of cloth. Young and middle-aged men usually wear turbans, double-breasted shorts (or long shirts) and long trousers. Most people wear double-breasted shorts or long gowns. Women's clothing varies from place to place. Some wear right-front lapels, trousers or pleated skirts, and some like to embroider their clothes with silver bracelets, earrings, necklaces and other jewelry. Some people like to wrap their heads with white towels.
The Buyi people believe in primitive nature worship.
Worship natural objects and natural forces as objects with life, will and great abilities. During the sacrifice, each household should offer eggs and pork to the gods, and after the sacrifice, the whole village people gather on the spot. 6. Write a simple composition about the scenery of Luoping
Spring is here, and 800,000 acres of rapeseed flowers in Luoping are in full bloom.
The rapeseed flowers in Luoping are probably the most unique sea of ??flowers in the world. Looking from a distance, large tracts of rapeseed flowers are crowded together in the fields, as if someone accidentally knocked over Miss Chun's golden ink bottle, leaving golden ink everywhere. In particular, Jinjifengcong Tourist Area is located in the karst hills in the sea of ??rapeseed flowers, like emeralds inlaid in the golden ocean. National Highway 324 runs through the sea of ??flowers, like a route in the sea of ??flowers.
Looking closer, the rapeseed flowers are even more colorful. Some are in full bloom, like five little angels gathering together to whisper, and others are in full bloom, like shy little dolls, no one dares to be the first to show up. A breeze blew by, and the sea of ??flowers rose and fell together, like flower girls dancing in waves. The rapeseed flowers in Luoping not only attract tourists from all directions, but also attract thousands of little bees. They fly around among the flowers, buzzing, as if to say: "Luoping is so beautiful, the rapeseed flowers are beautiful." The honey is so sweet.”
The beautiful rapeseed flowers make Luoping famous both at home and abroad. I love the beautiful rapeseed flowers, and I love the beautiful hometown of Luoping even more. 7. Luoping Tourism Essay 1000 words
In spring, when everything is coming back to life, my parents took my uncle and my family to travel to Luoping, Yunnan.
Early in the morning, we were driving on the long road in a car driven by my father. After a day of running around, we finally arrived at a small town near Luoping. In the small town, every household is filled with the atmosphere of the Spring Festival. There is a Spring Festival couplet posted next to the door of each house, such as "As time goes by, people live longer, and spring fills the universe and brings happiness to the door." On the street, I heard the sound of children setting off firecrackers from time to time. After we had a hasty dinner, we returned to the hotel to rest. Early the next morning, Dad drove the car back to the "long-separated" highway again. After driving for about an hour, suddenly, a flash of yellow came into my eyes. The car got closer and closer, and I gradually saw the yellow color clearly. It turns out that that touch of yellow is a large field of rapeseed flowers. We got off the car and took a closer look, ah! What a beautiful sight that is! The flower field swayed with layers of golden microwaves, exuding bursts of fragrance, attracting groups of butterflies to fly up and down among the flowers. Walking into the rapeseed field, you feel like you are in a golden ocean. These large tracts of rapeseed flowers are the masterpiece of the spring girl. If the color is thicker, it won't be so transparent, and if the color is lighter, it won't be so gorgeous. The spring breeze blows slightly, and the rapeseed flowers are swaying gently in the breeze, like small waves in the sea of ??flowers. What beautiful rape flowers!
Our car is still "running" on the road and continues our journey to Luoping. .. 8. A 350-word essay on the Buyi ethnic group
The Buyi people are indigenous residents of the southeastern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. They have been working and living here as early as the Stone Age. The Buyi people are related to the ancient "Liao", "Baiyue" and "Baipu". In the history of the Tang Dynasty, they were called "Southwestern Barbarians". After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, they were called "Tibo" and "Zhongjia Barbarians". The transliteration of the self-proclaimed name is used as the Chinese clan name.
The Buyi people and the Zhuang people have the same origin. They can also be said to be the same ethnic group. They are both branches of the ancient Baiyue people. However, the Zhuang people mainly live in Guangxi, while the Buyi people mainly live in Guizhou. Today, the Buyi people still retain some of the customs and habits of the ancient Yue people, such as living in stilt-style houses and beating bronze drums. Some people also believe that the Yelang Kingdom in the Western Han Dynasty is related to the Buyi people today. The vast majority of the Buyi people call themselves "Buyi" and "Buyue", and some of the Buyi people call themselves "Buyue" and "Buman". After the founding of New China, they called themselves the transliteration of "Buxqyaix" based on the ethnic identity. , uniformly use "Buyi" as the ethnic name. The Buyi people are a hard-working and intelligent nation. The Buyi people have their own language and two types of characters, ancient and new. They believe in the traditional religion "Mo" of this nation. In addition, they also worship many gods and believe that all things have spirits.
Since the Song Dynasty, the Buyi people have fought peasant uprisings against the exploitation and oppression of the feudal ruling class in every dynasty. In modern history, they have also fought against foreign churches, Japanese imperialism and the Kuomintang reactionaries. A nation with a glorious revolutionary tradition. 9. Ethnic profile of the Buyi people
The population of the Buyi people is 2,971,460.
Ethnic Profile The Buyi ethnic group in my country mainly live in the two Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefectures of southern Guizhou and southwestern Guizhou, as well as Anshun City and Guiyang City. It is also distributed in Liupanshui City, Luoping in Yunnan, Ningnan and Huili in Sichuan. According to the fifth national census in 2000, the Buyi population was 2,971,460.
The Buyi language belongs to the Zhuang-Dai branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family and is closely related to the Zhuang language. The northern dialect of Zhuang language is basically the same as the Buyi language spoken in Wangmo, Ceheng, Dushan, Anlong, Xingyi and other counties.
The Buyi people had no written language before the founding of the People's Republic of China and had always used Chinese. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, they created a writing scheme based on the Latin alphabet. The ancestors of the Buyi people are generally considered to have developed from a branch of the "Baiyue" people.
The Buyi people call themselves "Buyi", "Buyayi", "Buzhong", "Burao" and "Buman", which may be the origin of the ancient "Liao", "Man" and "Zhongjia" The origin of the titles "Barbarian Liao", "Liao Liao" and "Yi Liao". From the perspective of ethnic language, ancient names, self-identification and geographical distribution, Buyi and Zhuang have the same origin.
From the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, both the Buyi and Zhuang people were called "Li Liao", "Man Liao" or "Yi Liao". After the Five Dynasties, the Buyi people were called "Zhongjia" and the Zhuang people in the Song Dynasty. Called "child". "Zhong" and "Tong" still have the same pronunciation.
Later, due to long-term separation, differences in economic, cultural life and customs and habits gradually formed the Buyi and Zhuang ethnic groups. Some people believe that the Buyi people developed from a branch of the "Baipu"; others believe that the "Yelang" country from the late Warring States Period to the Western Han Dynasty has a relationship with today's Buyi people, because the center of Yelang's jurisdiction is in today's Panjiang (called Doshui in ancient times) basin, and the Panjiang area has always been the settlement area of ??the Buyi people.
The cultural relics of the Han Dynasty unearthed in the Buyi area, such as bronze plows, hoes and iron picks, hoes, shovels and other agricultural tools suitable for rice field farming and rice field models, are consistent with the "Zi" of the Yelang people recorded in "Historical Records" The situations of "making buns, plowing fields, and gathering in towns" corroborate each other, indicating that the Buyi people are an ancient agricultural nation that grows rice. With the Han Dynasty's development of Guyelang and the establishment of the feudal county system, through the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the power of large surnames became increasingly powerful, class differentiation deepened, and the feudal lord economy gradually formed.
In the Tang Dynasty, the Central Plains Dynasty set up some Jizhou counties in the Buyi area, with local minority leaders as governors and hereditary rule. During the Five Dynasties, "Eight Fan" chieftains were added.
The Song Dynasty continued to implement the "restriction policy", granting local leaders the titles of governor, chief minister, chief minister, general, etc., and placed them under the control of Sichuan Road, Hunan Road and Guangnan West Road respectively. In the Yuan Dynasty, Luodian Xuanwei Department (Anshun area belongs to it), Shunyuan Road Military and Civilian Appeasement Department (Guiyang area), Duyun Military and Civilian Office (some counties in Qiannan Prefecture belong to it), and Yuyabe Wanhusuo (Xingyi area) area) and Sicheng Prefecture Military and Civilian Office (some counties in Qiannan Prefecture belong to it), etc.
In the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, the chieftain system became more complete. The chieftain and native officials occupied all the land in the territory and bound the subjects to the territory for generations (but they were not allowed to kill or buy and sell subjects at will). The native officials exploited the subjects mainly through labor and land rent, and at the same time carried out cruel super-economic exploitation, which took more than ten kinds of names.
At the same time, the Ming Dynasty also implemented the "guardian settlement system" in the Buyi area, setting up camp envoys to manage "military settlements" and "minor settlements". Later, these areas were first transformed into feudal Landlord economy. From the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, with the socio-economic development of the Buyi people, the subjects of the Tusi territory became increasingly polarized, the population increased significantly, and the phenomenon of renting and buying and selling land began to appear.
The chieftains and native officials had to recognize the legality of the existing land sales and leases in the territory, and agreed and praised the land reclamation (newly cultivated land could also be bought and sold) in order to maintain the status of the subjects. livelihood. With the development of land and land trading, some Tumu and chieftains became increasingly poor and resold their private fields and grain fields to the Han people.
In the Buyi area, some wealthy native officials, stewards, and a few subjects who owned large amounts of land, as well as Han landlords and loan sharks, formed a new class of landlords, and land rent in kind gradually replaced labor rent. In the fifth year of Yongzheng's reign (1727), the Qing Dynasty adopted a large-scale policy of "reforming native land and returning it to local people", which objectively established and developed the feudal landlord economy in the Buyi area, accelerated the collapse of the feudal landlord economy, and the chieftain system also withered away.
Socioeconomics During the Qin and Han dynasties, the social productivity in the Buyi area has developed greatly, and agricultural production has been quite developed, but it lags behind that of the Central Plains area. With the invasion of feudal forces in the Qin and Han Dynasties, the development of social productivity of the Buyi people was objectively promoted, and feudal production relations were gradually established.
From then on, the Jisi system and the Tusi system have always ruled the Buyi area. Around the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the social productivity of the Buyi people developed again. The weight and length of the hoe in farm tools generally increased, and the hoe head was improved from the past steel-attached to the steel-clamped one.
In the past, sticks were used to thresh grains, but now they learned to use tart buckets, which greatly improved the efficiency. Water mills were also used in Luodian, Anlong and Pingtang.
With the improvement of production tools and production technology, and the further development of production, the landlord economy emerged. The development of the landlord economy has made land increasingly concentrated in the hands of a small number of landlords, and the landlord class has increasingly exploited the peasants.
After the Opium War in 1840, imperialist forces began to invade Qiannan, which contributed to the gradual disintegration of the feudal natural economy in the Buyi area and gradually turned it into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. From then on, under the dual oppression of imperialism and feudalism, the Buyi people fell further into the abyss of suffering.
From the Revolution of 1911 to the founding of New China, under the oppression of the "three mountains" of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism, the Buyi people's situation was even more miserable. They had no status at all politically and economically. , culture has been in a state of stagnation and backwardness for a long time. In 1944, Japanese imperialism invaded the Buyi area in southern Guizhou, and people of all ethnic groups were brutally ravaged and killed.
After 1945, the reactionary Kuomintang government implemented the Baojia system in the Buyi areas, adopted a policy of forced assimilation of the Buyi people, and did not recognize the Buyi people as an ethnic group. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Buyi people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the People's Republic of China, carried out a series of social reforms, eliminated feudal land ownership, and abolished the laws and regulations that caused national oppression.