How to guide boarding primary school students to carry out comprehensive practical activities
[ Editor: admin Source: anonymous date: May 29, 213; number of visits: 495 font: large, medium and small]
Abstract Comprehensive practical activities are stipulated by the state, facing all students, based on students' direct experience and experience, closely related to students' life and social reality, and reflect a comprehensive course of comprehensive application of knowledge. Our school is a boarding school, and it is almost impossible for primary school students to organize outdoor activities frequently from Monday to Friday. However, the characteristics of the comprehensive activity course itself determine that there is little time for unified class, and most of the time, the activity groups are scattered to various places to carry out activities. Students in boarding schools generally lack self-confidence, self-discipline, weak ability to adapt to the environment, and weak and introverted personality. Some have poor study habits and learning foundations, others have wide interests, active thinking and great plasticity. Facing such a special group, through comprehensive practical activities, they can find and solve problems, experience and feel life in practice, provide open space for their personality development, and lay a solid foundation for their integration into society, thus achieving better educational effects.
keywords: teacher's guidance on curriculum development for boarding pupils
1. Common psychological troubles of boarding pupils and their causes
(1) Psychological troubles
The boarding students in our school come from various towns and villages. Students come from complex sources. Compared with ordinary students, they are indifferent, withdrawn and timid due to the lack of sense of security. Poor family education makes them develop inferiority, laxity and timidity. After entering the boarding school, because of the strict school management, my academic performance and behavior habits are relatively poor, and I am often criticized and accused, resulting in rebellious psychology, becoming indifferent, withdrawn, timid, self-destructive and willing to live behind. Some children have developed the habit of being spoiled by living with their parents. Once they leave their parents' care, they are at a loss. Most of these children have developed a kind of dependence, poor self-care ability, weak ability to adapt to the environment, lack of learning motivation and so on. Primary school students are young and have weak social adaptability, so family education plays a very important role in children's growth. When students encounter psychological problems, they need family help more. In boarding schools, students can only go home once every two weeks, and they lack family education and affection in their lives. Therefore, many boarding students are weak and introverted.
(2) Factors
Parents are their children's first teachers. Although the primary school students who live in the school spend most of their time at school, they still have a strong sense of dependence on their families. Improper family rearing patterns, too high or too low achievement expectations are not conducive to children's physical and mental health and hinder their healthy and lively growth. Some parents expect their children to be successful, and their daughters to be successful, and they demand too much from their children's study. And once you make a mistake, you will be sarcastic or hit the child. Parents' education method will damage their children's self-esteem, easily lead to tension between parents and children and induce psychological problems. Parents' doting, family atmosphere is not harmonious. With the development of society, there are more and more one-child families. Some parents spoil their children too much, and it is easy to have psychological troubles after being sent to boarding schools. It is obvious that there are many divorced families among boarding pupils who have adverse effects on children.
Primary school is the foundation of basic education, which is very important for the development of primary school students, and it needs to use appropriate educational methods. Boarding schools should not only let students "behave in a proper way", but also regulate their behavior with basic requirements and form good habits; It is also necessary to enhance students' autonomy, creativity, and cultivate autonomy and self-care ability. Practice has proved that only when the resident students have a strong sense of discipline, an upward mental outlook, a complete organizational system and a strong psychological cohesion can they form a good collective and contribute to their healthy growth. Modern society is an open society. Although the only child is becoming more and more common, modern primary school students have a more open spirit and awareness of actively participating in various activities, so children are willing to communicate and good at communication. In addition, in boarding schools, students study and live together, which has more communication advantages than day students. Through comprehensive practical activities, we should build an open learning environment, guide students out of the classroom and school, carry out comprehensive practical activities, cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability, and improve their comprehensive quality in an all-round way.
2. Effective development of comprehensive practical activity curriculum in boarding schools
(1) Combining practical activities with educating people to cultivate boarding students' good ideological and moral quality
With the adjustment of school layout, the number of students is gradually increasing. How to ensure that the school has a safe and beautiful educational environment, cultivate students' collective living ability, develop good moral quality and living habits, promote the harmonious development of the school and achieve better educational results. Campus life occupies most of the students' time, and there must be a lot of resources for comprehensive practical activities. For example, the phenomenon that students don't turn off the lights after class gives birth to the theme activity of "An Electricity Bill". It is also a lot of learning for students to know the information on the electricity bill, know how to calculate the electricity bill and how to save electricity through personal checking, hands-on experiments, questionnaires and interviews.
(2) Integrating practical activities with local resources to cultivate boarding students' social practical ability and sense of social responsibility
Fangzhuang Township and Nanshan Village in Rui 'an, the bases of comprehensive practical activities in our school, are rich in connotation, with inexhaustible curriculum resources and immeasurable teaching value. Nanshan Suomian Village, located in Pingyangkeng, Rui 'an, is a famous producing area of Suomian, and rows of wooden frames are placed in front of almost every household to dry Suomian. The process of putting the stick on the shelf and pulling it into filaments to dry the noodles seems simple, but it is really a bit difficult to keep it from breaking. The students are very interested in the process of drying the noodles, and they are all scrambling and excited, eager to dry them themselves. Suomian, as a well-known pasta in Rui 'an. As an important part of Ryan's local culture, how much do we really know? What is the origin of the noodles? What are the production processes of cable noodles? What is the living status of Suomian? What is the cultural connotation of Suomian? These problems are the problems that we need to pay attention to as Ryan people, especially students, who, as the inheritors of the future culture, have greater responsibilities. Therefore, the theme of comprehensive practical activities "Walking into Nanshan Suomian" came into being. This topic choice not only makes students know their hometown, but also makes them feel that things around them are credible. Through research, they can enhance their enthusiasm for loving and building their hometown. Cultivate social responsibility and sense of responsibility
(3) Combine practical activities with traditional campus cultural activities to cultivate the personality development of boarding students
My campus cultural activities are such as science and technology festivals, art festivals and food festivals. It is an important part of campus culture and the main form for students to participate in campus activities, and it has the function and function of practical experience. Transform traditional campus cultural activities into courses, and combine practical and experiential activities with the application of theoretical common sense. In order to cultivate students' personality development. Our school's food festival is based on the activities of cultural food festival and the development of students, which promotes the construction of school culture and improves students' cultural heritage and social practice experience ability. Realize the comprehensive, vivid, lively and free development of students' physical and mental quality. The annual food festival is also the happiest activity that all the students yearn for. For example, the students of the investigation team of the food festival booth of the School Cultural Food Festival fully demonstrated their creativity through self-practice and self-perception, and achieved an organic combination of shopping and display to attract "customers". This is an advertisement designed by them: "Enjoy food, be happy for every guest" and "Don't miss it when you pass by" ... to carry out comprehensive practical activities so that students can actively participate in campus cultural construction activities. According to the actual situation of the school, tap the potential of the school, make use of the school and social resources, and effectively integrate the comprehensive practical activity course, so that the course content and form have the characteristics of integrity, systematicness, hierarchy and richness.
(4) combine practical activities with students' self-help activities to cultivate boarding students' cooperative communication ability
Boarding students will inevitably have small differences when they live and study with other children all day, so learn some simple and effective self-help methods. In the face of pressure and confusion, seek support to get good help and guidance. If you have any questions, you can talk to teachers, relatives and friends. The process of asking for help is also a self-help process. Primary school students' life experience is very simple, and it is not only their studies that sharpen them, but also their emotional self-management, healthy self-help consciousness and safe self-help ability in the face of unexpected injuries. We have the responsibility to help students learn to face it, learn to cope with it calmly, enhance and improve their ability to deal with difficulties and dangers, and help students live a healthy and happy life from infancy to maturity. Therefore, a comprehensive practical activity with the theme of "Learn to Protect Yourself" came into being. Through this comprehensive practical activity, students can establish health and safety awareness, acquire some basic prevention and treatment methods, and enhance their ability of self-help and self-help. Students learn to use water, fire, electricity, knives and gas correctly in the process of independent cooperative research, improve their self-help and self-protection ability against accidental injuries, learn to adjust their emotions and have a healthy psychology.
III. Effective Guidance for Comprehensive Practical Activities in Boarding Schools
According to the Outline of Basic Education Curriculum Reform, the comprehensive practical activity course is a compulsory national course for every student, and the comprehensive practical activity course is arranged in the Curriculum Plan with an average of 3 class hours per week. The curriculum arrangement of comprehensive practical activities in our school follows three principles, namely, the principle of combining theoretical courses with practical courses, the principle of combining in-class planning with extracurricular practice, and the principle of combining method guidance with professional guidance. Our school arranges a section of research study into the curriculum every week, and guides students to guide their methods and skills in the classroom. In the stage of topic selection, topic opening, mid-term communication and topic conclusion, grasp the details of curriculum implementation, inspire students to break through the mindset, complete the research process with students and improve the research results. Students' specific practical activities, such as investigation, experiment, interview, production, visit, visit and investigation, are put out of class and organized by students themselves, so that students can realize the practice from in-class to out-of-class and from campus to society. However, teachers need necessary guidance strategies for all aspects of students' activities in the process of guidance. < P > Preparatory Committee < P > Boarding students generally lack self-confidence and self-discipline, have weak adaptability to the environment, and are weak and introverted. They lack the opportunity and ability to communicate with their peers, and are prone to form defects such as being withdrawn, self-centered and unable to cooperate. Comprehensive practical activities advocate the organization of activities in groups, so that students can learn to get along with others, develop their cooperation ability, experience progress, share happiness and sorrow in group cooperation.
① Pay attention to interests: Because students' life experiences are different, their interests will be different. Ask for students' opinions and let them voluntarily join a group to take care of children with the same interests. Only in this way can students cooperate with group members with a proactive attitude and show a strong desire to explore.
② combination of strength and weakness: when dividing resources, it is difficult for an individual to find a group student, so we should pay attention to dispel his inferiority complex, affirm his possible value in the group and sincerely recommend him to some groups.
③ collocation between men and women: a reasonable collocation between boys and girls is also a positive factor for the whole activity. Boys are bold and aggressive, while girls are careful and thorough, which can form complementary advantages.
④ Allow freedom: the division of students' activities is only conducive to the development of activities. As long as it is necessary and possible, a certain group wants to hire someone or invite students from a certain group to join in, so that they can cooperate happily.
For example, Walking into Nanshan Suomian has designed a recruitment link in the division of labor: Now we have set up a Suomian Research Institute in Ryan, which entrusts a talent exchange center to our class to recruit all kinds of researchers, which is well paid and challenging. It's now or never. Please choose your own department and sign up for it according to your hobbies and specialties. Please send the activity plan to rasmyj@123.com. Points for attention in grouping managers of all departments ① It is more appropriate to have 7-1 people in each group ② There should be talents in all aspects in the department, such as being good at computers, painting, writing and performing. ③ It is best for members in the department to be close to the community, so as to facilitate contact and activities. ④ Each department democratically elects its own deputy manager and assistant, and then makes a reasonable division of labor. The job fair in the classroom is in full swing. Novel job fairs arouse students' enthusiasm, improve classroom efficiency, and make students experience the charm of practice and the fun of learning.
(2) Making a plan
The process of comprehensive practical activities emphasizes letting students do their own research. After the plan is made, students will generally practice. However, some boarding students have poor study habits and learning foundations, and some have wide interests, active thinking and great plasticity. Faced with such a rough plan, students' problems naturally follow. First, help students to clarify their activities and research directions, and then help them design their activities according to the theme. For example, the teacher of "Walking into Nanshan Suomian" made his own plan around the small theme of making Suomian:
Activity topic: Making Suomian. Activity time: Saturday and Sunday
Activity place: Traveling alone and visiting Nanshan in Pingyangkeng
Activity ways: surfing the Internet, consulting materials and asking about the preparation of the activity: camera
Presentation of expected results: slide show
. The purpose of this design is to lay the foundation for the selection and determination of research methods.
(3) Practical activities
Different experiences of boarding students lead to different differences. Some students are timid when investigating and visiting, some students are weak in coping with emergencies, and some students are at a loss in the face of a large amount of information. All these require teachers to consciously provide more opportunities for these students, inspire their morale when they fail, and cultivate their self-confidence and perseverance in the end. When students feel difficult, give them appropriate guidance and guidance to help them maintain and improve their enthusiasm for learning. At this time, the guidance can be some necessary methods, or how to design a questionnaire, how to conduct investigations, interviews, experiments and other guidance. For example, with the series of special topics in the case "I Love School", there will be problems in students' implementation, such as "I don't know how to interview, I want to choose bold students to accompany me to interview the principal", etc. At this time, the problems of grouping and scheme refinement are involved, and teachers need to adjust and guide them in a timely manner. 1. Choose the right time and place; 2. Prepare interview tools in advance; 3. Pay attention to polite language and introduce yourself; 4. Listen to the answer patiently, don't be impatient and don't interrupt the other party's answer; 5. Make interview records accurately and timely; 6. At the end of the interview, thank the interviewee. Guide children to express vague questions effectively and reasonably, help guide students and enhance the effectiveness of student activities.
(4) exchange and discussion
The comprehensive practical activity is to give students more opportunities to participate in exchange and discussion, so that students can find and solve problems in practice and realize their own value. Students will encounter many difficulties in the process of collecting materials and need the help of teachers.