Artificial seeds

Good fruits should be selected as seeds when crops are mature in agricultural production. This traditional seed selection method has two disadvantages. First, after several generations of selection, the seed performance will deteriorate; Second, the number is insufficient. Now, scientists have found a way to synthesize seeds artificially, and once the practice is successful, it is expected to solve the above contradiction.

The first batch of artificial seeds in the world have been developed by French agricultural experts, including wheat, rice, alfalfa, carrots and camellia. These artificial seeds are different from natural seeds. Natural seeds have different shapes, such as soybean seeds are round, wheat seeds are spindle-shaped, and artificial seeds are spherical capsules shaped like frog eggs. However, when they are sown in the ground, they can all take root, germinate and grow into normal crops.

To make seeds artificially, we should first screen the seedlings, cut a tissue slice from the original plant, and then put the slice into a culture tube filled with nutrient solution in advance. After rapid asexual reproduction, the cells of the original plant develop into embryos-seeds, which can be used for sowing.

Breeding crops with artificial seeds can avoid the deterioration of the performance of future generations. Because the selection of artificial seeds is very convenient, it is only necessary to cut a small piece of tissue from a good plant. This small piece of tissue cells, after being cultured in nutrient solution, has become an inexhaustible source of seeds for future generations of plants. Because the cultivated varieties are excellent, the yield of crops can be greatly improved.

at present, the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests mainly depends on the use of a large number of pesticides, which have certain effects, but also cause environmental pollution. After treatment, artificial seeds can eliminate viruses and bacteria on the seeds, and can also be directly inoculated in the incubator, which fundamentally improves the disease prevention and disease resistance of crops.

Artificial seeds can also be made into varieties of crops with different functions. Like wheat now, making noodles and bread are the same. The wheat produced in the future will have different purposes, some specialize in making noodles, some are made into bread, and some are for livestock. Each use depends on the different characteristics of wheat, such as protein content, sugar content and various vitamins content.

Agricultural factory producing non-staple food

This factory can produce vegetables, fruits, herbs and flowers, so it is called "agricultural factory".

Agricultural factories are completely different from farms and greenhouses. They don't need soil for planting, and they don't need open air and cultivation. It is very much like a modern factory. There are automatic production lines in every factory building. They keep circulating and rotating up and down, and the production is orderly. From sowing to harvesting, it is automatically controlled by computer, and the light, temperature, humidity, fertility and carbon dioxide concentration are properly adjusted according to different plants. Therefore, it is not necessary to "eat by the sky", and the role of the far and wide, regardless of soybeans in the northeast, mustard tuber in the south, tomatoes in Beijing, cantaloupe in Xinjiang, etc., can be produced in the same agricultural factory and according to people's needs.

The production line of an agricultural factory can be three-dimensional, lettuce is produced at the upper level of the vegetable production line, and fruits can be reproduced on the lettuce, which is not limited by land and light. Because the glass factory is illuminated by the combination of sunlight and high-pressure sodium lamp, plants can even be directly "injected" with some kind of excitation cable and trace elements they lack, so that plants grow fast and well, which is ten times faster than the mature period of cultivated plants in the field.

the workshop of the agricultural factory is divided into six working areas. First, the seeds are sown in a cultivation tray covered with sawdust and fertilizer, and germinated in a greenhouse without windows and lighting. After the buds grow, they are sent to the glass greenhouse by the conveyor belt. After illumination, root pressure, temperature control, atmosphere control and other cultivation management, on the sixth day, the vegetables left the conveyor belt to the harvesting area after walking through the greenhouse, and they have grown into green tender vegetables, which can be packaged and marketed for people to eat. In this way, we can sow and harvest every day, and supply all kinds of fresh vegetables and fruits all the year round.

The "fertilizer" used in agricultural factories is a variety of nutrient solutions. It does not use any pesticides, herbicides and disinfectants, and even the air is introduced after strict filtration, so there is no need to worry about pesticide poisoning or washing with water. Moreover, the plants produced are rich in nutrition and attractive in appearance.

The production of agricultural factories can be independent of the location and climatic conditions. People can build them near residential areas, hotels, restaurants, food factories and supermarkets to produce their own crops.

artificial food and synthetic food

according to statistics, the world consumes 1.2 billion tons of grain every year, which is equivalent to using grain to make a global highway with a width of 17 meters and a thickness of 1.8 meters on the equator. And with the growth of population, this "grain highway" is extended by 1 kilometers every year. This makes mankind face a serious situation of food shortage. Facing this challenge, on the one hand, human beings are controlling population, on the other hand, they are trying to find a new source of food-artificial food.

One of the ways to solve the human demand for protein is to produce single cell protein through non-agricultural means. Single cell protein, commonly known as "artificial meat", is a microbial food. Microorganisms are mostly single cells, which are the entities of nucleic acids and protein. The production of this single-celled microorganism by fermentation can obtain extremely rich single-celled proteins. The reproduction speed of microorganisms is amazing. Under suitable conditions, 5 kilograms of living bacteria can produce 125 kilograms of single-cell protein one day and night. A cow weighing 5 kg can only synthesize .5 kg of protein every day.

The main components of "artificial meat" are protein eggs, fat, sugar, vitamins and minerals, and its nutritional value can be comparable to that of milk and eggs. The nutritional value of 1 ton of microbial protein is equivalent to 2.1 tons of lean meat, 3 tons of eggs or 12 tons of milk. It can be used as both food and feed.

Algae is a leader in the microbial world. It can take carbon dioxide as the nutrient to carry out photosynthesis in the sun like higher plants, but its growth rate is several times faster than that of higher plants. The algae powder harvested in a lake the size of an acre of land is converted into concentrated protein, which is equivalent to 5 tons of soybeans, which shows a broad prospect for human beings to make food by using air, moisture and sunlight.

In the future, there will be synthetic food, which is made of genetically modified microorganisms or immobilized enzymes, no different from natural food. You can also use mutated fungi and yeasts to turn food that people don't like into food that gourmets like. For example, people can weave, knit and shape the hyphae produced by fungi according to a certain texture structure just like synthetic fibers, so that they can specify the production of a special food, such as beef legs, beef tenderloin, beef liver, beef tendon and so on. Britain has promoted synthetic beef food to the market, supplying synthetic beef hamburgers and frozen "beef" stuffing.

Space food

Everything in space has lost its weight, and it can fly everywhere, just like air. In this way, astronauts can't eat at any time and chew and swallow easily like on earth, otherwise they will get stuck in the middle of the esophagus because the food can't be swallowed, which will endanger their lives. Therefore, while developing spacecraft, scientists also study and manufacture space food.

after many times of space practice, scientists have found that space food requires rich nutrition, hygiene and convenient eating.

At present, there are many kinds of foods for astronauts to eat, including not only fresh bread, fruit and chocolate, but also fried dishes and meatballs packed in space food boxes, as well as ketchup and other condiments. Most of these foods are highly concentrated and liquid. Therefore, when astronauts eat, they just need to "float" into the kitchen, inject a certain amount of water into the food box, heat it, and then squeeze the food into their mouths like toothpaste for a delicious meal. Of course, if you want to eat hard granular food like peanuts, you can't send it directly to your mouth, otherwise it will be stuffed into your nostrils. A safer way is to let peanuts float in the air and then open your mouth to catch them.

Because space food has the characteristics of less food intake, high calorific value and extremely rich nutrition, Japan first developed this common space food for use on the earth. There are two kinds of commonly used space foods newly developed. One is liquid, called "nutritional rehydration", which is specially used by hospital patients. When eating, a small tube with a certain diameter is used to feed people directly, which is better than intravenous drip. The other is a solid "highly concentrated nutritional capsule". This capsule-shaped space food can be made according to the needs of different people. This kind of space food is mainly used by patients, children with partial eclipse, the infirm with irregular diet and athletes with insufficient nutrition, and will become the most convenient and nutritious food for human beings in the future.

medicinal food

Traditional Chinese medicine has a saying that "medicine and food are homologous" since ancient times. Many traditional Chinese medicines are both medicines and good foods. With the extensive use of modern chemical drugs, the side effects and functions of drugs have been gradually recognized by people. In order to overcome the side effects of drugs and reduce or avoid the occurrence of iatrogenic diseases, people begin to develop foods that can replace drugs, and foods that can replace drugs will enter thousands of households in the 21st century.

food that can make people smart. The development of human brain is closely related to diet and nutrition, and the blood-brain barrier has certain selectivity for drugs to enter the human brain. After years of accumulation, predecessors found that food can affect people's health, and people with different constitutions have different requirements for diet. Long-term consumption of a certain food will cause some discomfort to people, and some foods can also affect the brain. Herbal Diet, a book of traditional Chinese medicine, talks about how to use food to treat diseases. Some of these medicinal plants can be made into food, which has a strong effect of strengthening the brain and improving intelligence, such as Acanthopanax spinosa, Ginseng, Polygonatum sibiricum and so on. People can improve their memory and enhance their learning ability by eating some special food. According to the viewpoint of chronobiology, people's energy is strongest in the morning, so a breakfast is designed to arouse people's attention and improve people's creativity and analytical ability. Food containing some drugs to promote nerve activity can make it have an effect on a certain part of the brain in a specific time according to people's wishes.

The food that promotes sleep, the rapidly developing society and a large amount of information that can be processed make people's brains not get enough rest, and the number of patients with sleep disorders will increase obviously. At bedtime, what food or drink can make people sleepy? Although alcohol can promote sleep, excessive drinking can cause alcoholic hepatitis, fatty liver and cirrhosis. Of course, there will be better food or drink to improve people's sleep. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), if people can use substances that promote the increase of neurotransmitters, or precursors (such as tryptamine acid), or sleep-promoting substances existing in food, will act on a certain area of the human brain in some way, thus making people fall asleep quickly without affecting the sleep-wake cycle. This is not only suitable for normal people, but also very beneficial to mental patients.

detoxification food. Morphine, cocaine and cocaine are all drugs that can act on the brain and affect its function. It is often difficult for long-term drug addicts to get rid of drugs. Apart from compulsory means, detoxification drugs will also have certain side effects. It is very important to let those drug addicts return to society and develop a food or drink that can gradually detoxify. Blocking the effect of drugs on the brain and promoting the excretion of poisons from sweat, urine and stool, food is of course the best.

food to improve jet lag and shift discomfort. People who often fly abroad or work shifts for a long time often worry about the discomfort caused by jet lag and shift shifts. Although drinks or working meals on the plane will comfort people, the best way to reset people's biological clocks is to sleep. Taking nutrients, or foods containing some traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, will bring comfort to people who often go out.

Insect food

Insects have high nutritional value, and their protein content is generally 3% ~ 72%, and the amino acid content exceeds the food nutritional content standard stipulated by FAO. Take ants for example, except beef, which contains more protein (21.5%) than ants (2.4%), chicken (2.2%), fish (18.9%), pork (18.5%) and eggs (6.4%) are not as good as it. As for the content of vitamins, ants are among the best.

Insects have strong adaptability. Every corner of the world has different insect lives, and their reproductive ability is amazing. A pair of ordinary flies can lay 55 million eggs a year; Egyptian locusts lay an average of 195 thousand eggs a month; An ant king lays 34 eggs every day. A steady stream of insect offspring provides a rich food source for human beings.

insect food is not only available today. China has always had the habit of eating locusts in the north and cicadas in the south. Ant egg sauce, fried cicadas and fried bees are the dishes of the imperial meals of the Zhou Dynasty. Today, Cantonese people are brave enough to eat insects. The popular spots are fried egg scabbard of Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, fried beetle larvae with salt, fried eggs with wasp pupa, fried locusts, fried mole cricket and so on. Some people in Guangxi mix noodles with ant eggs and mix cold dishes. There are as many as four or five kinds of silkworm chrysalis foods popular in Harbin.

There are many kinds of insectivores in various countries. South Africa, the United States, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and other countries in southern Africa are fond of caterpillars. This kind of insect is the larva of a giant moth, which is 1 cm long and can be fried, braised, stewed or made into dried meat worms. It is said that adults who eat 2 worms a day can meet their daily needs for calcium, phosphorus, iron and riboflavin. There is a famous dish called "flying shrimp" in major restaurants in Bangkok, Thailand, which was originally fried by locusts. A French company has also set up an insect cannery in Mexico, which specializes in purchasing insects such as ant eggs, pupae and dragon tongues, processing them into canned food, and transporting them to France and wrapping them with a layer of chocolate will double their value.

The total weight of insects in the world is 12 times that of human beings. There are more than one million known species of insects, and now more than 5 species of insects have been identified as edible, such as ants, cicadas, locusts, mantis, crickets, butterflies, etc., of which nine out of ten are pests. Because insects have the characteristics of fast reproduction, low feeding cost, easy artificial control and suitable for industrial production, insect food has a broad development prospect, which is an inexhaustible new resource of human food and needs to be developed by people.

ultra-high pressure food

People pay more and more attention to food storage technology. Some effective methods, such as air drying, freezing, canning and so on, will damage the umami taste of food to varying degrees. Now there is an epoch-making food preservation technology, that is, ultra-high pressure processing, and the processed food is ultra-high pressure food.

ultra-high pressure processing is to put food in thousands of atmospheres, and mix, process and sterilize it without damaging the essence of food materials. Food materials, in ultra-high pressure environment, starch becomes paste, and protein becomes gel, similar to honey. Although starch and protein have lost their original colors and become shiny and delicate in texture, their colors, flavors and fragrances have not lost their original flavor. Adding 4 atmospheres to fresh cod can turn it into fresh fish cake. Fruit and sugar can be packed in plastic bags, and high pressure can be applied to make jam. Ultra-high pressure processing of food will also produce strange effects, such as adding 1 atmospheric pressure to old rice, and it will have the taste of new rice.

Ultra-high pressure food is not only sterile, but also has a long fresh-keeping time, and it can add additional value to food and become an ideal food for people.

Green food

The food we eat comes from the green world, which maintains the survival of human beings. With the continuous growth of population, plants that were seldom used by people in the past will be processed into new green plant food through scientific methods.

New green plant food quilt