Who can provide detailed modern history of Fuqing?

Fuqing

is a county-level city affiliated with Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. Located in the east of Fujian, neighboring cities include Fuzhou, Putian, Changle, Minhou, and Yongtai, and faces Pingtan across the sea. It is among the first batch of comprehensive reform pilot counties and cities in the country and the national village and town construction pilot counties and cities. Fuqing is also known as Yurong, or Rong for short. It is named after Yurong Mountain due south of the county.

Geography

The whole territory is divided into three parts: continent, peninsula and island. It covers an area of ??2429.76 square kilometers, including 1518.24 square kilometers of land and 911.52 square kilometers of sea area. Latitude of the city center: 25°43'21.85"N Longitude: 119°22'38.29"E

In the ancient geological era, the strait between Fujian and Taiwan was once an uplifted and connected land bridge, and the Fuqing Peninsula It is also part of this land bridge. Creatures from ancient times, including ancient humans, entered Taiwan through this land bridge. When the land bridge sank and became a strait, Taiwan became an island. Corals and other traces of paleontology in the rock formations of the Fuqing Peninsula bear witness to the vicissitudes of life.

Among the three plans for undersea tunnels connecting Fujian and Taiwan that are being discussed by mainland scholars, the northern line plan passes through the Longgao Peninsula in Fuqing and first connects the Fuqing Peninsula and the sea through undersea tunnels or bridges. Tan Island (the seat of Pingtan County, the fifth largest island in China), and then build an undersea tunnel from Haitan Island to Hsinchu, Taiwan, 68 nautical miles away.

Climate

Fuqing is located in the subtropics and is greatly affected by the ocean. It has an oceanic subtropical monsoon climate. The average annual temperature is 18.8 degrees Celsius, the average annual frost-free period is 365 days, and the average annual rainfall is 1,525 mm. Summer monsoons and typhoons are the main sources of precipitation. Rainfall is heavy but concentrated in summer. It is known as a drought nine times out of ten years. The Dongzhang Reservoir built after liberation has positive significance in alleviating drought.

Population

The population is 1.1 million, mainly Han, with 14 ethnic minorities including She, Jing, Yao, Zhuang and Tibetan.

Because Fuqing has a long history of overseas immigration, it has a large diaspora population spread all over the world. It is estimated that the overseas Fuqing population is almost equal to the current local population. [Source request]

Administrative divisions

It has jurisdiction over 7 sub-district offices and 17 towns:

Sub-district offices: Yuping Street, Longshan Street, Longshan Street Jiang Street, Yinxi Street, Honglu Street, Shizhu Street, and Yangxia Street.

Towns: Haikou Town, Chengtou Town, Nanling Town, Longtian Town, Jiangjing Town, Gangtou Town, Gaoshan Town, Shapu Town, Sanshan Town, Donghan Town, Yuxi Town, Shangjing Town, Xincuo Town, Jiangyin Town, Dongzhang Town, Jingyang Town, and Yidu Town.

On December 24, 2005, the Fujian Provincial People's Government "Reply on Agreeing to the Administrative Division Adjustment of Fuqing Central City" (Min Zhengwen [2005] No. 586): agreed to cancel the Yinxi, Yangxia, and Hong 3 towns and 1 sub-district, including Lu and Rongcheng, were separated into 8 village committees including Xiangfeng, Tangtou, Beidian, Baidu, Longzhong, Fangli, Nanzhai and Xianqiang in Haikou Town, and Yuping was established through integration , Longshan, Longjiang, Yinxi, Honglu, Shizhu and Yangxia 7 sub-district offices. This is a major adjustment to the administrative division of Fuqing's central urban area, involving 100 villages (communities) in 5 towns and streets. After the adjustment, the total urban area will expand 10 times to 244.5 square kilometers, with a total population of 458,000.

Energy

Fujian Fuqing Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. - established on May 16, 2006, jointly funded by China National Nuclear Corporation and China Huadian Corporation Fujian Power Generation Co., Ltd. *** Formation.

Fuqing Nuclear Power Plant is located at the front of Qiwei Mountain in Qianxue Village, Sanshan Town, Fuqing City. It has an installed capacity of 6 million-kilowatt pressurized water reactor nuclear power units. The first phase of the project involves the construction of two million-kilowatt pressurized water reactor nuclear power units with a total investment of approximately 26.77 billion yuan. The first unit is scheduled to pour the first tank of concrete on November 18, 2008 (official start of construction) and put into commercial operation in May 2013. The second unit is planned to be put into commercial operation in May 2014 [4].

Guodian Fuzhou Jiangyin Power Plant - established on April 8, 2004, jointly funded by China Guodian Corporation, Fujian Hesheng Group Co., Ltd., and Fujian Coal Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. *** Established, it is a large-scale thermal power generation enterprise controlled by China Guodian Group.

The first phase of the project was completed and put into production on October 14, 2007, and the second phase of the project is under planning [5].

History

Fuqing was originally part of Changle County. In the second year of Tang Shengli, Wan'an County was established from Changle County. In 742, it was renamed Futang County. In the second year of Kaiping in Liang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, the name of Wang family was changed to Yongchang County. At the beginning of Tang Dynasty, the name of Futang County was restored. In the fourth year of Changxing, the Wang family changed its name to Fuqing County. In the Song Dynasty, it was still Fuqing County and belonged to Fuzhou. Yuan said Fu Qingzhou. In the fourth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, it was restored to a county. During the Qing Dynasty, the circumference of Fuqing County was more than six miles, and the number of households was 123 miles. [6]. In 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China), Haitan Island and other places were separated from Fuqing and placed in Pingtan County.

In December 1990, the State Council approved the removal of the county and the establishment of a city. Fuqing City is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese. Overseas Chinese have a history of traveling abroad for more than 500 years.

Immigration Wave

Fujian is located on the southeast coast, surrounded by mountains on three sides and blocked by the steep peaks of the Wuyi Mountains. It has long been in a state of "isolation" from the whole country; and it faces the sea to the east. , facing Taiwan across the sea, and open to all parts of the world.

In addition to the aboriginal Minyue people, Fujian people in history were mainly refugees from various dynasties and provinces in the Central Plains, represented by the eight surnames who entered Fujian and crossed to the south, to escape military and man-made disasters. The living environment of divided fields caused a large number of people from Fuqing to go to the West with Zheng He as early as the Ming and Qing Dynasties, or to explore Taiwan with Guo Xingye, or to Southeast Asia. The older generation of Fuqing immigrants before 1949 were mainly distributed in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Japan.

The trend of going abroad

Modern Fuqing is famous for its large number of stowaways. See illegal immigrants selling piglets. While the successful immigrants from the older generation returned home one after another as overseas Chinese and became sponsors of relatives and friends and donors for building roads and schools, the younger generation of Fuqing people became the new generation of immigrants through various legal and illegal ways. , most of them are called stowaways because they ignore passports and laws.

The reasons for the trend of going abroad vary from person to person. Those who do not sympathize attribute it to the fact that the people in Fuqing have a weak legal awareness and are unscrupulous for financial purposes, emphasizing the illegal aspect of their actions. Sympathizers believe there is a reason. Fuqing is polarized in terms of natural conditions. One pole is the harsh agricultural conditions of relying on the weather with eight mountains, one water and one farmland, and the other pole is the open and accessible environment of the coast and the ocean. From the Ming Dynasty's seclusion and the sea ban that prohibited entry into the sea (see the border relocation order for details), to the forefront of the raging civil war between the two countries. The ancient sea ban and the modern passport have exactly the same function in restricting the free movement of people.

Due to the general ignorance of people in other places and the deep misunderstanding of Fuqing people, today's Fuqing people still have the tradition of going abroad to explore, but they do so through normal legal channels rather than traditional natural methods. . But unlike other cities, the original intention is not to learn knowledge and improve one's own quality, but to take identity blindly, and even sell labor to go abroad to develop.

In the early 1990s, it was concentrated in Japan, and after 2000, it was European countries , especially in the UK, but also in other remote countries and regions. These include those who operate supermarkets and restaurants in countries such as Argentina and South America, those who operate clothing in remote countries such as Ecuador, those who operate trade in Russia, and the more remote ones that have set foot in some backward countries in Africa, such as Cameroon and Algeria. Whether in the early days or in the recent past, Fuqing people "worked hard" in a special way, hoping to use that method to "realize their own value" while also "contributing" to the local economy.

Characters of Fuqing

Ancient times

Ye Xianggao

Yinyuan Longqi

Zheng Xia

Lin Hong

Modern

Chen Zhangliang

Lin Shaoliang

Lin Wenjing

Cao Dewang

Wei Kemei

Related historical figures

Lin Zexu

Qi Jiguang

Monk Yunlong

Anti-Japanese< /p>

The Ming Dynasty implemented a maritime ban (see the border relocation order for details), and normal maritime trade could not continue. Some maritime merchants came to Japan when the general rule was for business and the prohibition was for banditry. At that time, the Muromachi shogunate in Japan had existed in name only and was unable to control the national political situation. The wars between the large and small kingdoms caused a large number of bankruptcies and unemployment among people from all walks of life in Japan, and many of them became bandits. The two forces combined, and the early real Japanese, which was mainly composed of lower-class Japanese samurai, developed into a mixture of Chinese pirates, fake Japanese, and real Japanese. These people fled along the southeast coast and were known as Japanese pirates in history. Most of the real Japanese are Japanese employed by the Wangzhi Group, and they are in a subordinate and auxiliary position.

During the Jiajing period, Japanese pirate activities became increasingly frequent, and Fuqing became one of the two lairs of Japanese pirates in Fujian. In 1562 AD, Qi Jiguang from Zhejiang led the Qi family army into Fujian to assist in the extermination. After the Battle of Hengyu, the Great Victory of Niutian, the Battle of Lindun, and the Battle of Fuqing, the Japanese pirates entrenched in Fuqing were wiped out. So much so that the Japanese pirates changed their faces when they heard about Qi: "Qi Hu's soldiers are here too!" "We dare not invade Zhejiang, so why come thousands of miles away to kill me!"

The people of Fuqing have suffered from Japanese invasion for many years and actively support them. During the Qi Jiajun's military campaign to suppress Japanese invaders, they made sesame seed cakes and gave them to the Qi Jiajun as military rations. After the Japanese invasion subsided, in order to commemorate the achievements of Qi Jiguang and his army in quelling the Japanese invasion, later generations called it "Guang Cake", which is still one of Fuqing's specialties.

Language

The local mother tongue is the Fuqing dialect of Fuzhou dialect, a Fujian dialect spoken in most of Fuqing City and Pingtan County. At the same time, residents in southern Fuqing mainly speak Puxian dialect. Both belong to the Chinese-Min language group of the Sino-Tibetan language family.

There are some phonetic differences between Fuqing dialect and Fuzhou urban accent, both belonging to the Fujian dialect. Many ancient Chinese words are still preserved. Such as: Cuo (home), Ding (pot), Ru (you), Cuo Li (wife), Jihen (hen). The phonetic part is more complicated than the four tones of modern Chinese. In the early days, there were eight tones, called eight tones, and now seven tones are retained.

The pronunciation part of Fuqing dialect is even the same as the Japanese Song pronunciation that was spread to Japan via Ryukyu, Taiwan in the Song Dynasty. For example: The pronunciation of the word county is exactly the same as the pronunciation of prefecture in Japanese. On the contrary, it is quite different from the pronunciation of modern Chinese.

Fuqing dialect retains many characteristics of ancient Chinese and can be said to be a living fossil of ancient Chinese. In overseas Chinatowns or Chinatowns and other places where there are many immigrants from Fuqing, it is still an important language for communication between fellow residents. However, in recent years, due to the government's policy of strictly prohibiting dialects, it is in danger of disappearing. The number of younger generations speaking Fuqing dialect is decreasing day by day. Most of the elders can only speak but not write or use homophones instead.

The influence of Fuqing dialect is not limited to Fuqing. Fuqing dialect can be heard overseas such as the United Kingdom, Japan, South Africa, Argentina, and the United States. Basically wherever there is a Chinatown, Fuqing dialect can be heard.

Customs

Fuqing has a unique custom of lighting tower lights at the Mid-Autumn Festival at the beginning of each year. The Ruiyun Tower is decorated with lanterns, which has become a major local event. According to legend, it started in the fourth year of the Qi Dynasty (1624). In 1984, there were a large number of visitors to the tower lantern, and tourists scattered overseas also returned to China to participate.

Education

[edit]Public schools

Teacher training school

Fujian Normal University, Fuqing Branch

Overseas Chinese Xingqing Industrial School

Fuqing Health School

Longhua Vocational Technical School

Vocational Technical School

Fuqing No. 1 Middle School

Fuqing No. 2 Middle School

Fuqing Huaqiao Middle School

Fuqing No. 3 Middle School

Special Education School

Rongcheng Middle School

Yuan Hung Senior School

Hong Road Secondary School

Kang Fai Secondary School

Yuyang Secondary School

Hangtou Secondary School

Gaoshan Middle School

Haikou Middle School

Dongzhang Middle School

Yuanzai Middle School

Experimental Primary School

Chengguan Primary School< /p>

Yuanhong Primary School

Private high school

Fujian Xishan Wenwu School

Longxiang Chinese and English School

Fujian Shi Zhushan Meifoer School

Sanhua Private Middle School

Southeast School

In addition, Fuqing Overseas Chinese Lin Wenjing once planned to spend 300 million yuan to establish Fuqing University[7 ].

Economy

Fuqing City’s economy mostly relies on overseas Chinese. There is China's first overseas Chinese-invested economic development zone: Rongqiao Economic Development Zone, China's first overseas Chinese-invested industrial zone: Yuanhong Investment Zone, and China's first overseas Chinese-invested small and medium-sized enterprise concentration area - Hongkuan Industry. community. Fuqing also has a world-class port with great potential: Jiangyin Port. Jiangyin Port is surrounded by the sea on three sides, does not freeze all year round, has excellent wind shelter and superior natural conditions. In the future, it will be built into an international operations center, intercontinental trade center and Linhai heavy industry base. Among the well-known companies in Fuqing, the most famous is Fuyao Glass, which has emerged in recent years; in addition, AOC Electronics (AOC), which has become the world's largest display factory, has its production plant in Fuqing and is the company with the largest output value in Fuqing.

Transportation

As of 2004, Fuqing City has 88 highways with a total length of 823.69 kilometers and more than 69,000 motor vehicles of various types. The 45.79-kilometer section of National Highway 324, the 42.9-kilometer section of Fuzhou-Xiamen Expressway, and the 51-kilometer Zhenda Line Provincial Highway run through the city and have become the city's main traffic arteries. The Fuzhou-Xiamen Railway is also under construction. There is a military airport in the territory. The urban area is about 45 kilometers away from Fuzhou Changle International Airport, and the straight-line distance is about 34 kilometers. It is 125 nautical miles away from Keelung Port in Taiwan.

Jiangyin, Niutouwei, Wan'an, Hailiang, Kemen, Nan Qingyu, and Dabian Island on the Longgao Peninsula in Fuqing have contiguous areas with more than 200 all-weather buildings capable of building 100,000 to 300,000 tons. With a deep-water port complex and 60,000 square kilometers of industrial land, it is only 13 to 24 nautical miles away from the main international container routes around the world. It is a "scarce" port resource in Fujian Province and even the country.

Products

Ancient

Fuqing Kiln--Fuqing Kiln, the ancient Chinese porcelain kiln in history

Modern

< p>The main mineral deposits include pyrophyllite, kaolin, granite, quartz sand, etc.

Wild animals include monkeys, raccoon dogs, muntjacs, mountain boars, mountain rabbits, mackerels, red snappers, eels, constricted razor clams, flower clams, clams, etc.

There are more than 30 kinds of medicinal plants, including Motherwort, mugwort, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Fritillaria, Shengdi, Plantain, Shegan, Asparagus, Platycodon, Hedyotis diffusa, etc.

The main local products include cork paintings.

Specialties and delicacies include light cakes, fish balls, fermented meat, Taisi loquats, mountain sweet potato balls, Xincuo rice noodles, and candied fruits.

Ecology

Fuqing Bay Wetland is included in the Central China Wetland in the National Important Wetland List. See China Wetlands

Fuqing Bay Wetland is an important wintering and migratory resting place for waterfowl, and plays an important role in studying the relationship between wetlands and various birds. The scope includes Cormorant Island in Sanshan Town, Haikou Farm, Longjiang Estuary, Dongge Overseas Chinese Farm, Dongbi Island, Bachi Island and other tidal flat wetlands.

Currently, the Chinese merganser, a national first-level protected animal that is an internationally endangered species, the black-faced spoonbill, a world-endangered bird and a national second-level protected bird, the endangered black-billed gull and the spot-billed duck have been observed. , mallards, pintail ducks, red-billed gulls, black waterfall ice herons and many other rare birds, making it a wintering haven for migratory birds. According to statistics, the bird flock reached its peak of more than 20,000 birds.

In the winter of 2004, in the Fuqing Bay Wetland in Fujian, bird watching enthusiasts discovered that about 60 black-faced spoonbills, a globally endangered species, stayed over the winter for as long as 5 months. Black-faced spoonbills are quiet by nature and are afraid of harassment from the outside world. This kind of bird can choose Fuqing Bay Wetland to overwinter, which shows that the wetland ecosystem is still well protected, has strong environmental regulation function, and has huge resource potential.

Environment

In recent years, Fuqing City’s one-sided emphasis on economic development speed and lack of supervision have put considerable pressure on the environment. One of the most obvious examples is the pollution of the Longjiang River, the main river in the country. The upper reaches of the Longjiang River are still beautiful, but after passing through the Hongkuan Industrial Zone, they turn dark and smelly. The paper mills, dyeing and weaving factories in the industrial zone discharge water openly or covertly into the Longjiang River, causing a sharp deterioration of the ecological environment in the lower reaches of the Longjiang River through the urban area to the estuary. It also poses a major threat to marine aquaculture in Fuqing Bay. It is urgent to improve environmental safety and change environmental thinking.

At present, because a separate pipeline for sewage discharge has been buried at the bottom of the Longjiang River in the urban area, the water quality of the Longjiang River in the urban area has been improved to a certain extent. Pollution with the estuary still exists.

Military Airport

In March 1955, the Central Military Commission built a military airport in Longtian, called Project 5795, which was completed in June of that year[8]. Later, the airport was abandoned due to the reduced value of military confrontation. During the Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1996, a large number of soldiers and equipment were re-stationed at this airport [source request].

Tourism

Shizhu Mountain

Ruiyun Tower

Huangbo Mountain Scenic Area

Ruiyan Mountain Scenic Area< /p>

Lingshishan National Forest Park

Longjiang Bridge

Huangge Chonglunfang

Maitreya Statue

Huangbo Zong

Southern Shaolin

Hongmen