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expand mooncakes
On the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, it's just half past Sanqiu, and the traditional Chinese festival-Mid-Autumn Festival has arrived. Moon cakes are essential food for the Mid-Autumn Festival. Round moon cakes, meaning round and round, have placed people's good wishes. So, when did moon cakes appear?
As a kind of pasta, cakes appeared very early in China, and were recorded in ancient books during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were many kinds of cakes, and a relatively large round cake appeared, which was called Hu cake because it was added with flax (later called sesame). Emperor Han Ling likes to eat Hu cakes very much, which attracted the popularity of Hu cakes in Luoyang, the capital. This kind of Hu cake can be regarded as the predecessor of moon cakes.
In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival was formally formed, and the appearance of moon cakes came naturally. Because the festival can't be just about enjoying the moon, there must be offerings for the moon and eating, and the round Hu cake is the best choice. Ennin, a Japanese monk, arrived in China as an envoy to the Tang Dynasty during the period of Tang Wenzong, and lived in China for ten years. In his "Journey to the Tang Dynasty", he wrote that: "On the fifteenth day, the temple set up a feast, cakes and food, etc. as the festival of August 15th." Although it is not explicitly said that the cake here is a round Hu cake, it is definitely a seasonal tribute and food for the Mid-Autumn Festival.
in folklore, people in the Tang dynasty have started to eat moon cakes. It is said that when General Li Jing came back from the battle in Tang Gaozu, it was on August 15th that a Turpan businessman presented Hu cakes to celebrate his victory. Tang Gaozu took the gorgeous cake box, took out Hu cakes, smiled at the bright moon in the sky and said, "We should invite toads to Hu cakes." He shared the Hu cake with his ministers. Since then, people have had the custom of eating Hu cakes, that is, moon cakes. There is also a legend that on August 15th one year, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei enjoyed the moon while eating Hu cakes. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty disliked the name Hu Bing. Yang Guifei looked at the big round moon and had a brainwave and said, "Let's call it moon cake." Since then, Hu cake has been called "moon cake". The third legend, seen in "Experiences in Luozhong", said that Tang Xizong ate moon cakes on the Mid-Autumn Festival, and it felt delicious. He heard that the new Jinshi was holding a banquet in Qujiang, so he ordered the imperial kitchen to wrap moon cakes in HongLing and reward them.
Although the legend is not true, it has a real shadow. Since the Mid-Autumn Festival has appeared in the Tang Dynasty, people still eat cakes during festivals. Round Hu cakes have long been a common food in the Central Plains, and Hu cakes have become moon cakes.
Su Dongpo, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem that "a small cake is like chewing the moon, and there is crisp and satiny in it". "Cookies are like chewing the moon" means that cookies are shaped like the moon and taste like biting the moon; "Crisp and caramel in the cake" means that there are butter and caramel in the cake, which is very delicious. Su Dongpo ate this moon-like cake during the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is also evidence that moon cakes have already appeared, although it has little to do with whether moon cakes appear or not as a noun. In the Ming Dynasty, mooncakes finally appeared in large numbers in ancient books. At this time, the moon cakes are not only round, meaning round and round, but also eaten only during the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is a necessary tribute for people to sacrifice the moon and a necessary food for gifts to relatives and friends.
according to the laws of nature, there is always a process of gradual growth and development before a phenomenon appears in large numbers. As a seasonal food for Mid-Autumn Festival, moon cakes appeared only in the Southern Song Dynasty and in a large number of ancient books in the Ming Dynasty. However, through historical records and folklore, it can be confirmed that the real thing appeared in the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty had both name and reality.