1. Translation and original text of "Chen Kang Asks Boyu"
Original text:
Chen Kang asked Yu Boyu: "I have also heard something strange. ?"
He said to him, "Weiye." Taste of independence, the carp came to the court and said, "Have you learned poetry?" He said to him, "Weiye, if you don't learn poetry, you can't say anything." "Li retreated and studied poetry. One day, he became independent again. He came to the court and said, "You want to learn etiquette?" He said, "Weiye." "If you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand up." Li retreated and studied etiquette. Hearing these two things."
Chen Kang retreated and said happily: "Ask one and get three. Hearing poetry and etiquette, and hearing that a gentleman is far away from his son."
Translation. :
Chen Kang asked Boyu: "Have you received any special instruction from the teacher?" Boyu replied: "No. One time he was standing alone in the courtyard. I Walking quickly through the courtyard, he said, "Have you studied the Book of Songs?" I replied, "No." He said, "If you don't study poetry, you'll say bad things." I went back to study the Book of Songs. /p>
Another day, he was standing alone in the courtyard, and I walked quickly through the courtyard. He said, "Have you studied the Book of Rites?" I replied, "No." 'If you don't study the Book of Rites, you won't know how to stand up. 'I will go back and study the Book of Rites. I only understand these two things."
Chen Kang went back and said happily: "Let me ask. One thing (but) I know three things, I know the meaning of studying "Poetry", I know the meaning of studying "Li", and I also know the reason why a gentleman does not favor his own son."
Source: "The Analects of Confucius·Ji's Sixteenth" - Spring and Autumn and Warring States·Confucius
Extended information
"The Analects of Confucius" is one of the classic works of the Confucian school, written by Confucius's disciples and his successors It was compiled by his disciples. It is mainly in the style of quotations and dialogues, recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and embodies Confucius' political opinions, theoretical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles.
The main contents of Confucius’ moral education are “propriety” and “benevolence”. Among them, "propriety" is the moral norm, and "benevolence" is the highest moral principle. "Ritual" is the form of "benevolence", and "benevolence" is the content of "ritual". With the spirit of "benevolence", "ritual" can be truly enriched. In terms of moral cultivation, he proposed methods such as establishing ambition, self-denial, practice, introspection, and the courage to make corrections.
"Learn to know" is the dominant idea of ??Confucius' teaching thought. While advocating not being ashamed to ask questions and being open-minded and eager to learn, he emphasized the combination of learning and thinking ("Learning without thinking is a waste, thinking without learning is peril"). At the same time, he must also "apply what he has learned" and apply the learned knowledge to social practice.
Reference materials: Sogou Encyclopedia - Court Explanation 2. Bao Jun's Classical Chinese Translation
Translation:
Once upon a time, a man set up a rope net to catch deer deer. , caught a deer, but without the owner noticing, a passer-by secretly took the deer away. (The passer-by) thought about it and felt too embarrassed, so he put the salted fish he brought with him in the net and left. After the original owner returned, he saw salted fish in the rope net there. He felt strange about it and thought it was a sacred object and did not dare to take it back.
The villagers built a temple here, called "Baojun". Later, many people believed in Baojun in this temple. Sick people who prayed to Baojun were healed by chance, and even more so. He said that this God is very spiritual.
Seven or eight years later, the man who put the salted fish in the net passed by the temple and asked what happened, and the villagers told him the truth. The owner of the salted fish said, "This is my salted fish! Where did the god come from?" So the matter was settled.
Original text:
In the past, someone set up a cane to catch deer, but they caught it without realizing it. Some passers-by stole the abalone and thought of it as being unkind, so they put the abalone in their eyes and took it away. The original owner came and found an abalone in his belly. He thought it was a god and did not dare to return it. So he built a house and built a temple, named Bao Jun. Later, many people worshiped it, and those who occasionally recovered from illness were said to have gods. After seven or eight years of accumulation, the owner of the abalone passed by the temple and asked him the reason, and he gave an explanation. Nai said: "This is my abalone, what kind of spirit does it have?" So he stopped.
罝 (sound: jū): a net for catching rabbits, generally refers to a net for catching wild animals; get it but not realize it: get it but not find it. Weird: Taking... as strange. Conjugate parts of speech and use adjectives as verbs.
From: "Taiping Guangji" by Song Li Fang, Hu Meng, Xu Xuan and others
Extended information
Meaning:
Be serious about everything Think, analyze calmly, investigate and ask the truth, do not follow others' opinions, believe in unscientific things and make jokes. You must take the initiative to explore the truth; you must dare to question.
Author's achievements:
Li Fang followed the poetic style of the mid-late Tang Dynasty and imitated Bai Juyi's poetic style. He is one of the representatives of "White Style Poetry".
Li Fang’s family collected many books about stories from the Han and Tang Dynasties, which were included in 200 volumes of "Kaibao Tongyi". After Taizong ascended the throne, he was appointed Minister of Household Affairs and participated in the compilation of "Records of Taizu" and other books. In the eighth year of the Taiping and Xingguo reign (983), he was promoted to participate in political affairs and also studied national history. He has worked in three libraries for most of his life, and is quite familiar with the collection of books and documents.
A school was opened to extend the education of scholar-bureaucrats. They did not need to meet the owner of the school to read books, but got off their horses and went straight to study. The place where he lives has the beauty of a garden pavilion and a villa, with a study room and tombs surrounding it, where he invites old friends and famous Confucians to stay and enjoy themselves.
He also participated in the compilation of "History of the Old Five Dynasties" and wrote fifty volumes of essays, which have been lost. "Quan Song Wen" contains two volumes of his works, and "Quan Song Poems" contains some of his poems. One poem has been preserved in "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty", two poems have been added to "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty", and one poem has been added to "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". 3. The classical Chinese translation of Sun Fen’s courtesy name Junyu
Kong Fen, courtesy name Junyu, was born in Maoling, Fufeng. His great-grandfather Kong Ba served as an attendant during the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty. When Kong Fen was young, he followed Liu Xin to study "The Chunqiu Zuo Family". Liu Yu praised him and said to his students: "I have learned the great way from Jun Yu."
Kong Fen suffered from Wang Mang's rebellion. He went to the Hexi area with his old mother and young brother to escape the war. In the fifth year of Jianwu's reign, Dou Rong, the general of Hexi Province, invited Kong Fen to serve as the councilor of his official office and the chief of the guard aunt. In the eighth year, he was given the title of Marquis of Guannei. At that time, the world was in chaos, but only the Hexi region was relatively stable, and Guzang was called a rich county. There is trade with the Qiang and Hu people here, and there are markets four times a day. Every county magistrate became wealthy within a few months. Kong Fen served for four years, but his property did not increase at all. He served his mother with great respect and prudence. Although he lived a frugal life, he tried his best to honor his mother with delicious food. He took his wife and children with him and ate ordinary food. At that time, the country was still not stable, and the scholar-bureaucrats did not pay attention to ethics, but Kong Fen did his best to act with integrity. Therefore, he was laughed at by everyone. Some people said that he was in a wealthy area and could not make himself rich. He was just asking for trouble in vain. Kong Fen paid great attention to moral integrity and based his governance on benevolence, justice and peace. The prefect Liang Tong deeply respected him and did not treat him with the etiquette of an official. He often greeted him at the gate and led him into the inner room to introduce him to his mother.
After Longxi and Shu were pacified, the prefects and county magistrates in the Hexi region were all recruited to the capital. The officials' belongings were loaded with cars and filled the mountains and rivers. Only Kong Fen had no money and took an empty carriage on the road. The officials and people of Guzang, as well as the Qiang and Hu, all said: "Kong Jun is honest, benevolent and virtuous. The whole county has benefited from his kindness. Now that he has left, why don't we repay his kindness!" So the soldiers gathered together and gathered thousands of people. Tens of thousands of cattle and horses were sent to Kong Fen after being chased for hundreds of miles. Kong Fen just thanked him and didn't accept it at all.
After Kong Fen arrived in the capital, he was appointed as the magistrate of Wudu. At that time, the remaining thieves in Longxi, Kui Mao and others, attacked the government late at night and killed the prefect of the county. The thieves were afraid that Kong Fen would pursue him, so they seized his wife and children and tried to use them as hostages. Kong Fen was already fifty years old at the time and had only one son. However, he was devoted to his country and would not be moved by the thieves. He still tried his best to conquer. Officials and people were moved by his spirit and fought hard against the thieves. There are many Di people living in the county and they are familiar with the mountains and rivers. The chief leader Qi Zhongliu is deeply trusted by his people. Kong Fen then led the supervisor Qi Zhongliu and others, and ordered them to stop the looting soldiers at the important road, and to cooperate with the officers and soldiers inside and outside. The thieves were embarrassed and frightened, and were forced to rush, so they pushed Kong Fen's wife and children to the front of the battle. , hoping that Kong Fen would retreat, but Kong Fen attacked more urgently, and finally captured and eliminated Wei Mao and others, but his wife and children were killed by the thieves. Emperor Guangwu issued an edict to praise Kong Fen and worship him as the governor of Wudu.
When Kong Fen was serving as Fu Cheng, he was deeply respected by the officials and the people. After he became the prefect, everyone in the county followed his example and
practiced ethics. Kong Fen was clear and decisive in governing, identifying and praising good deeds, and hating wrongdoings. When he sees people with virtue, he loves them as relatives; when it comes to bad behavior, he hates evil as much as hatred. People in the county call him honest and fair.
My younger brother Kong Qi went to Luoyang to study. Kong Fen believed that Kong Qi was proficient in classics and history and should become an official. He submitted a memorial to resign due to illness, abide by the village covenant in the countryside, and died of illness at home.
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Thank you for accepting it~ 4. Please give the translation and annotation of the classical Chinese text that Gongsun Yi is not fond of fish
The original text Gongsun Yi was Lu and was addicted to fish, and his country was destroyed. They competed to buy fish and offered it, but Gong Yizi refused. His disciples admonished him and said, "Why do you, Master, like fish but don't accept it?" He replied, "I only like fish, so I don't accept it. If you accept fish, you must have the appearance of a servant; if you accept a fish, you will have the appearance of a servant." If you don't pay attention to the law, you will be free from the appearance. Although I am addicted to fish, this does not cause me to be a fish, and I cannot feed myself with fish. Even if I am addicted to fish, I will not be able to feed myself with fish. " It is clear that it is better to rely on others than to rely on oneself; it is better to understand that it is better for oneself to do for oneself than for oneself to do for others. (Selected from "Han Feizi·Wai Chu Shuo (bottom right)".)
Gongyi Xiu Xianglu was addicted to fish. When a country offered fish, Gongyizi could not accept it. His disciples remonstrated: "Master is addicted to fish." "Why don't you accept it?" The answer is: "I only like fish, so I don't accept it. If you accept fish, you will be free from the relationship. Although you are addicted to fish, you can't feed yourself with fish. If you don't accept fish, you won't be free from the relationship." "This is clear from the point of doing things for others and oneself. 9 Selected from "Huainanzi·Dao Yingxun"
Comments
1 Gongsun Yi: The Prime Minister of Lu Mu in the Spring and Autumn Period, "Historical Records·Biography of Xunli" as Gongyixiu. His surname is Gongsun and his given name is Yi.
2 Xiang Lu: Become the prime minister of Lu. Prime Minister: Be the Prime Minister.
3 Gongyizi: the honorific title for Gongsunyi.
4 Jin: Du
5 Master: An ancient honorific title for adult men.
6 Servant: Accommodate others.
7 In vain: Illegal and wrong.
8 That is: if.
9 to: supply.
10 One: All.
11 Admonishment: exhortation.
12 Wei: Just because.
13 Neither: If not.
14 Disciple: student.
15 Addiction: Like, love.
16th: Pronoun, on behalf of Gongsun Yi.
17 Disciple: student.
18 Hobby: I like it very much.
19 Neither: If not.
20 Shou: accept.
21 Therefore: So.
22 Although: Although.
23: all.
24 color: complexion
Translation: Gongsun Yi was the prime minister of the state of Lu, and he especially liked fish. People all over the country rushed to buy fish as tributes to him. Mr. Gongsun Yi But he didn't accept it. His disciples advised him: "Why do you like to eat fish but don't accept fish from others?" He replied: "Because I love to eat fish, I don't accept it. If you accept fish from others, There will definitely be signs of accommodating them; if there are signs of accommodating them, they will distort and break the law; if they distort and break the law, they will be deposed. Although (I) love to eat fish, these people may not give me fish anymore, and I will be removed. I can’t provide myself with fish. If I don’t accept fish from others, I won’t be dismissed as prime minister. Even though I love fish, I can provide myself with fish for a long time.” Gongsun Yi knew that it was better to rely on others than on himself.
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Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese
1. If a husband accepts a fish, he must behave like a servant: If I accept a fish from someone else, I will have to accommodate him.
2. Will violate the law: will distort and destroy the law.
3. It is better to rely on oneself than to rely on others: This shows that it is better to rely on oneself than to rely on others.
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Gongsun Yi ① Xiang Lu was addicted to fish, and the whole country competed to buy fish and offer them as gifts. Gongyizi did not accept it. His disciple admonished him and said, "Why do you, Master, like fish but don't accept it?" He replied, "I only like fish, so I don't accept it. If you accept a fish, you will definitely have the appearance of a servant." If you are addicted to fish, you will not be able to give me fish, and I will not be able to provide fish for myself. Even if you do not receive fish, you will not be exempt from appearance. Although you are addicted to fish, I can grow. "It is better to rely on others than on oneself." ("Han Feizi·Wai Chu Shuo, lower right")
Notes: ① Gongsun Yi: "Historical Records·Biographies of Xunli" wrote Gong Yixiu, the Prime Minister of Lu Mu Gong in the Spring and Autumn Period. ②That is: if. ③Servant: Accommodate others.
1. In the following sentences, one of the incorrect explanations of the added words is ( ) (2 points)
If you violate the law, you will be exempted from it: avoid.
A country competes to buy fish and offer them all: Capital.
His disciples admonished him... Admonishment: admonishing from below to superiors.
I am addicted to fish, so I don’t accept it. Wei: Just because.
2. Translate the underlined sentences in the text.
3. Why did Gongsun Yi associate "receiving fish" with "violating the law"? What kind of thought and character does this show about Gongsun Yi?
Answer:
1.A (exempted - dismissed)
2. This is to understand that it is better to rely on yourself than to rely on others! (As long as the meaning is correct. Scoring points: Ming and Reliance)
3. Makes sense. Gongsun Yi believed that if he accepted the fish from others, he would be owed a favor. If he considered favors, law enforcement would be unfair. This shows Gongsun Yi's sober, self-disciplined, honest and honest ideological character. (As long as the meaning is close) 5. Reading and Translation of Jianyu Classical Chinese
Once upon a time, there was a scholar standing by the river and throwing worms to the fish, but the fish did not eat them.
(Furthermore) the fishes (also) whispered to each other: "You cannot eat such insulting alms food." He seems to be very honest and self-disciplined.
After a while, I looked back and saw a farmer laughing and saying, "I caught it!" --- I saw a fish hanging on the hook, as fat as a big mouse. The farmer said seriously: "How can a pretentious boy escape my eyes?" Then he went back with the fishing hook and the fishing bucket.
(Scholar) When he looked back at the school of fish, he had lost track of them for a long time. (Speaking of which) A fisherman doesn’t use small bait just because the fish are small, which shows that his purpose is not small at all! And (those fish) forgot their own lives when they saw a little sweetness, so their lives were determined by a fishing rope.
There are so many people in this world who are like fish and forget about their own lives, just like those hills. 6. Classical Chinese: Ma Jia, Translation
There is a fish in the sea called Ma Jia, with a silver skin and a swallow tail, and the big one looks like a son. If you smoke it with fire, you can travel far.
It is often hidden in the abyss and cannot be caught. In spring and summer, the breasts rise with the tide and fishermen use this curtain to catch them.
The curtain is sparse, and the vastness is tens of fathoms. Two boats are used to open it, and the iron is used to hang down to the bottom of the water. If a fish passes by, it will dig in and touch it in order to make progress. The more it touches, the tighter it will become and the more angry it will become. Then the cheeks will spread out and the mane will be hooked into its eyes, making it impossible to take it off.
If the messenger touches the net and retreats, he will pass away leisurely.
Knowing how to advance but not knowing how to retreat, how cruel it is to cook rice with a knife, sad man!
Translation:
There is a kind of fish in the sea called Majia. It has a silver leather swallowtail-like tail. The largest one is as big as a full-year-old child. The meat is cut into pieces and roasted over fire, and the aroma can spread very far.
It lurks in deep water all year round and generally cannot be caught. In the spring and summer, when it gives birth to young fish, it rises to the surface with the tide. Fishermen use this time to set up curtain nets to catch them.
The curtain net is a kind of net with very sparse mesh, tens of fathoms in length and width. Two boats pull it open, drop iron blocks, and hang the net into the water. The passing fish must have been colliding with each other in an attempt to move forward. The more they collided, the more restrained and angrier they became. They opened their cheeks and fins and were hooked in the mesh, never being able to escape.
If you encounter a net, you will retreat and leave leisurely.
He only knows how to advance but not how to retreat, so he suffers the cruel end of being cooked into meat sauce. How sad! 7. 65.66. Please translate sentences in classical Chinese
65.
(1) Verb:
① Can a few people protect the people? "The Matter of Mencius Qi Huan and Jin Wen"
Can a person like me protect the people?
The admiration of all the people is like water returning to the sea. "The Battle of Red Cliff"
The wise men admired him like water flowing into the sea
② Xu Gong is not as beautiful as the king. "Zou..."
Mr. Xu is not as beautiful as you
(2) Pronouns:
① I will tell those who come here, even more like a slave, What if it is a gift? "Capture..."
How about I tell the person in charge about this and ask him to replace you and restore your taxes
② If both belong to The captive "Hong..."
You will all be captured by him
How can we be free from poverty? "Record of Wang Zhongsu Gong Ao's Affairs"
I'm afraid you are inevitably in poverty
③ Do what you want and ask for what you want, just like helping a tree and asking for a fish. "Qi..." [Page 5]
Use what you do to pursue what you want. The method is wrong and the effort is in vain
(3) Conjunctions: < /p>
① If the hidden army comes, the country can gain it.
If the hidden master comes, can he get the country?
② If the sun rises, Lin Fei will bloom.
When the sun comes out, the smoke in the forest gradually disperses.
(4) Before the mulberry leaves fall, their leaves are like silk. "The Book of Songs·Meng"
When the mulberry tree grows, its leaves are lush and fertile
66.
①Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones Of. "Six Principles of the Analects of Confucius"
Choose their strengths and learn from them; correct their shortcomings according to your own situation
Don't the descendants of the master have to be good? "Touch..."
Are the descendants of a monarch necessarily bad?
② Accumulate good deeds and become virtuous, and the gods will be satisfied, and the holy heart will be prepared. "Encouragement to Learn"
The accumulation of kindness will naturally become a noble moral sentiment, and thus you will feel at peace of mind. This is the condition required to be a saint
③ Chen Kangsu Gong Yao was unparalleled in the world in his ability to shoot. "The Oil Seller"
Chen Yaozi was good at archery. No one in the world could compare with him at that time.
④ Xiang Bo, the left Yin of Chu, was also the father of Xiang Yu. He was good at retaining the marquis Zhang Liang. . "Hong..."
Zuo Yin (official name) Xiang Bo of Chu State is Xiang Yu's clan uncle and has a good relationship with Zhang Liang.
⑤It is better to meet him by kindness. "Hong..."
It's better to take this opportunity to treat him well
⑥ Ask him, I am a prostitute in Chang'an, I tried to learn the pipa from Mu and Cao, and I was good at it. "Pipa"
After asking that person, I found out that she was originally a singer from Chang'an. She once learned to play pipa from two famous teachers, Cao and Mu.
⑦Today refers to properly handling the incident after it happened Legacy issues. 8. Classical Chinese translation Baozi is a stranger
Original text
The Qitian family has its ancestors in the court, and there are thousands of guests. When someone offered fish or geese, Mr. Tian looked at them and sighed, "Heaven has been kind to the people! They have grown grains and raised fish and birds for their own use." All the guests responded. There was a son of the Bao family, twelve years old, who was also sitting and said, "It's not as good as what you said. All things in heaven and earth are born with me, and they are the same. There is no high or low in the class. They only control each other with small and big intelligences. They feed on each other and are not mutually exclusive." Born for.
People take what is edible and eat it. How can it be that nature is for human life? Moreover, mosquitoes and gnats eat their skin, and tigers and wolves eat their flesh. Isn’t it natural that mosquitoes and gnats feed on humans, and tigers and wolves feed on their flesh? " (Selected from "The Collection of Zhuzi·Liezi·Shuofu")
Translation
The Tian family, a nobleman of Qi State, once worshiped the road god in the courtyard. After the sacrifice, he was invited to attend a banquet There were thousands of guests drinking. During the banquet, someone offered fish and geese. When he saw it, he said with emotion: "How profound the emperor's kindness is to mankind!" It has multiplied grains and given birth to fish and birds for our enjoyment. "As soon as he finished speaking, all the guests at the banquet echoed and agreed unanimously. At this time, a twelve-year-old child named Bao who was present came forward and said: "Things are not what you said! All things between heaven and earth exist together with us in nature, and they are all species. There is no distinction between high and low in the objects themselves, but they survive only by virtue of their wisdom, strength, and mutual restraint. It is not who is born for whom. When human beings get edible things to eat, where is it that God specially created for human beings? For example, mosquitoes and gnats suck human blood, and tigers and wolves eat human flesh. Can it be said that God created humans to create food for mosquitoes, tigers and wolves? ”
Notes
Qitian clan: A (noble) person with the surname Tian of Qi State.
Food: Banquet.
Ancestor Yu Ting : Hold a banquet in the courtyard to worship the road god. Ancestor: The ancients held a banquet to worship the road god called "ancestor" when they traveled far away.
Propagation: Planting to make...
To: to.
To: alternately, in turn.
To participate in the last position. Participate. Times, middle.
Ancestor: The name of the ancient sacrifice. It originally means worshiping the road gods when traveling. Here it just means worshiping (the ghosts and gods of heaven and earth).
He: Yinghe. .
Also:
Sitting: seat, seat.
Disciple: Only.
Category: Type; object.
Gnats (ruì) 囋 (zǎn) skin: gnats, a blood-sucking insect. 囋: Bite.
Eater: A person who has skills in a noble family.
Intelligence: Wisdom and strength. >
Ben: originally, originally.
Born out of mutuality: not living for the other's survival.